次同步谐振对汽轮发电机组轴系扭振冲击的研究

本文研究了在电力系统发生次同步谐振时汽轮发电机组轴系的扭振特性。建立了机电统一模型,进行了数字仿真研究:并利用动模机组和模拟电网进行了一系列同步扭振试验。研究表明,次同步谐振对轴系的影响与机组特性参数和运行参数有密切关系。     

汽轮发电机组扭振模拟机的测试与分析

本文设计了汽轮发电机组扭振模拟机的扭振测试系统，并对模拟机轴系扭振动特性进行了测试与分析。测试结果表明，测试系统配置合理，测试结果准确可靠。通过汽轮发电机组扭振模拟机的轴系扭振动特性参数的测试分析表明，汽轮发电机组扭振模拟机的前几阶扭振固有频率、振型与被模拟对象基本吻合，因此模拟机轴系扭振动特性已达到了预定目标。     

混合动力挖掘机轴系扭振特性

建立了混合动力挖掘机轴系的有限元分析模型,对轴系前5阶模态进行了计算。计算结果表明：与传统挖掘机相比,混合动力挖掘机轴系的1阶模态频率下降了270Hz;前2阶模态的振型均为扭转振动。建立了混合动力挖掘机轴系的动力学仿真模型,对轴系的扭振特性进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明：混合动力系统轴系存在周期性的扭振,扭角变化幅度为±0.003°,扭振频谱存在峰值,峰值频率约为48.9Hz。建立了混合动力挖掘机轴系扭振测试实验台,对不同转速下轴系的最大扭角进行了实验测试。实验结果表明：当混合动力系统轴系转速大于1100r/min时,轴系的最大扭角保持不变,约为0.003°;当混合动力系统轴系转速小于1100r/min时,轴系的最大扭角随转速的减小而增大;当轴系转速为896r/min时,轴系的最大扭角约为0.007°。     

5kW扭振模拟机组轴系扭振试验研究

本文在介绍TVAP—M扭振测试分析软件包的基础上,着重介绍了应用TVAP—M在5kW汽轮发电机组轴系扭振模拟机组上进行的一系列机电互作用扭振试验.通过试验确定了该模拟机轴系的扭转固有特性.试验表明:在低频情况下,变频励磁激振是一种行之有效的激振方式.最后利用串补电容方式对机电互作用下的次同步谐振进行了探讨.     

基于二次型全局最优控制算法的汽轮发电机组轴系扭振主动控制模拟

把线性定常二次型全局最优控制算法与大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振理论相结合,以减少轴系扭振能和控制源能量为优化目标,提出了大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的线性定常二次型全局最优控制理论,构造了汽轮发电机组轴系扭振主动控制的状态空间方程。阐述了求解离散黎卡提矩阵代数方程的非递推解法,提出利用求解哈密特矩阵特征值问题来确定二次型最优控制反馈矩阵的方法。为了考查扭振主动控制效果,编制了适用于离散系统扭振主动控制的仿真计算程序,利用所编程序对一台200 MW汽轮发电机组轴系进行了扭振主动控制模拟计算,并进行了扭振主动控制的时域特性分析。分析结果表明,采用线性定常二次型全局最优控制理论对汽轮发电机组轴系扭振进行主动控制,不但有很好的减振效果,而且所需控制力矩较小。     

汽轮发电机组轴系扭振及系统扰动对其影响的机理分析

从轴系扭振的基本物理概念出发,阐述了汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的现象与特点,并就电力系统电网中发生的各种扰动对汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的影响的机理进行了分析探讨。     

次同步谐振下机组轴系弯扭振动信号分析

分析了次同步谐振下机电扭振互作用的原因.针对现场难以实现的困难,提出并设计了汽轮发电机组模拟系统的次同步谐振试验,并将HHT应用到次同步谐振下的机组弯扭振动的信号分析.Hilbert谱图定量刻画了次同步谐振下轴系弯扭振动的快速发展过程,直观准确地表现了弯扭信号的本质特征.分析表明,次同步谐振下轴系的弯振和扭振是相互影响、相互作用的,发现扭振有抑制轴系复杂频率振动的能力.当次同步谐振的扭振发生时,扭振含有的丰富频率成分发生了变化,并且弯振的二倍频消失.     

汽轮发电机组轴系扭振监测与分析系统

对汽轮发电机组轴系扭振进行在线监测与分析,是关系到汽轮发电机组安全运行的重大课题之一.本文在介绍时间脉冲法测量旋转轴系扭振的原理及信号处理的基础上,详细阐述了新近研制的汽轮发电机组轴系扭振监测与分析系统的结构组成和功能分析.     

机车柴油发电机组扭振问题的初步探讨

通过对某型柴油机发电机组扭振计算报告和扭振测试报告的分析,了解了该机组轴系的扭振特性。利用开发的柴油机轴系扭转振动计算分析软件TVCA2006进行了针对性的计算和参数调试,对自由扭振和强迫扭振计算结果进行了验算,在此基础上提出了减振措施。     

联轴器特性对柴油发电机组轴系扭振性能影响研究

联轴器作为连接主从动轴的关键部件,对轴系扭振性能有显著影响。文中以匹配典型高弹性联轴器和大刚度联轴器的柴油发电机组轴系为对象,采用仿真分析与试验测试相结合的方法研究了轴系固有特性;进而在相同激振力矩作用下,分别对稳态均衡、非均衡工况时两种轴系曲轴自由端扭振响应进行对比分析,研究联轴器特性对电机转子振动的影响;在启动停机过程的研究中,指出匹配高弹性联轴器的轴系会发生扭振共振,联轴器会产生远大于机组在正常工作转速时的交变扭角差,这是目前国内外相关标准(GB15371-2008和ISO3046-5)尚未提及但值得评估的问题;针对匹配大刚度联轴器的轴系扭振共振问题,提出了通过优化轴系关键参数等方法进行轴系的减振设计。     

三激振器振动系统的振动同步传动

在振动同步理论研究中,存在着一种特殊现象,无直接驱动源的激振器仍能跟随其他有源驱动的激振器进行同步运转,称之为振动同步传动。针对三机驱动水平放置的振动试验台,应用Lagrange能量方程建立动力学模型,根据线性叠加原理得到系统稳定时的响应,利用时间双尺度法获取系统的平均力矩平衡方程,并给出了系统实现振动同步和振动同步传动的同步性判据及同步状态与振动同步传动状态下的稳定性判据。在供电频率50Hz的试验条件下,测得电机2及电机3断电前后系统稳态时的激振器相位差,验证了理论推导的正确性,为振动同步传动理论在多机振动同步机械上的应用提供了依据。     

基于实际行驶载荷的电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验方法研究

电动汽车电机具有高频转矩特性,其冲击载荷对减速器、差速器等传动系统疲劳寿命的影响越来越受到企业的重视。根据电动汽车差速器实际受扭转载荷情况,设计了基于液压伺服的电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验系统。采用无线遥测系统在垫江试验场按照帕斯卡试验规范对电动汽车半轴转矩进行了实车采集,通过对采集的半轴转矩载荷谱进行预处理和时频域特征分析后,确定了扭转疲劳试验加载波形为正弦波,加载频率为0.5 Hz。通过雨流计数和外推确定了加载幅值和加载频次,从而建立了电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验方法。最后,搭建电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验系统,对该试验方法进行了验证。结果表明,差速器的疲劳破坏部位及形式与实车行驶时疲劳破坏部位及形式一致,所建立的方法是有效可行的。     

Characteristics of the Wear Process of Side-Wall Surfaces in Bulk-Fabricated Si-MEMS Devices in Nitrogen Gas Environment

Wear is one of main obstacles to expand functions of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). While the wear mechanism of surface-fabricated MEMS devices has been extensively investigated, the characteristics of bulk-fabricated Si-MEMS devices have hardly anywhere been reported. In this research, wear tests of bulk-fabricated Si-MEMS devices were carried out on a composite microtribology test system using out-of-chip loading and driving mechanisms. Wear evolution and the effects of initial topology, driving frequency and external normal load have been investigated over the running time from 5?s to 120?min. A transition from adhesive wear to abrasive wear has been observed, which is conceptually analogs to the wear process in surface-fabricated devices. The results of the experimental study indicate that plastic deformation of the silicon substrate down to nano-size and migration of the wear debris are the main characteristics of wear. When the normal load is >56???N, wear particles can be grinded into pie or mud shape. At driving frequency higher than 2,000?Hz, the agglomerated wear debris can be thrown out of the contact zone, while at 100?Hz it remains on the rubbing surface and causes evolutionary damages. The energy consumption during wear has been estimated by tests at elevated temperatures, which is helpful to understand the poor wear resistance and the mechanical dominant mechanism of wear.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental study on breakaway torque of large-diameter magnetic liquid seal at low temperature

The existing researches of the magnetic liquid rotation seal have been mainly oriented to the seal at normal temperature and the seal with the smaller shaft diameter less than 100 mm. However, the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature has not been reported both in theory and in application up to now. A key factor restricting the application of the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature is the high breakaway torque. In this paper, the factors that influence the breakaway torque including the number of seal stages, the injected quantity of magnetic liquid and the standing time at normal temperature are studied. Two kinds of magnetic liquid with variable content of large particles are prepared first, and a seal feedthrough with 140 mm shaft diameter is used in the experiments. All experiments are carried out in a low temperature chamber with a temperature range from 200℃ to -100℃. Different numbers of seal stages are tested under the same condition to study the relation between the breakaway torque and the number of seal stages. Variable quantity of magnetic liquid is injected in the seal gap to get the relation curve of the breakaway torque and the injecting quantity of magnetic liquid. In the experiment for studying the relation between the breakaway torque and the standing time at the normal temperature, the seal feedtrough is laid at normal temperature for different period of time before it is put in the low temperature chamber. The experimental results show that the breakaway torque is proportional to the number of seal stages, the injected quantity of magnetic liquid and the standing time at the normal temperature. Meanwhile, the experimental results are analyzed and the torque formula of magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature is deduced from the Navier-Stokes equation on the base of the model of magnetic liquid rotation seal. The presented research can make wider application of the magnetic liquid seal in general. And the large-diameter magneti     

Characteristic of torsional vibration of mill main drive excited by electromechanical coupling

In the study of electromechanical coupling vibration of mill main drive system, the influence of electrical system on the mechanical transmission is considered generally, however the research for the mechanism of electromechanical interaction is lacked. In order to research the electromechanical coupling resonance of main drive system on the F3 mill in a plant, the cycloconverter and synchronous motor are modeled and simulated by the MTLAB/SIMULINK firstly, simulation result show that the current harmonic of the cycloconverter can lead to the pulsating torque of motor output. Then the natural characteristics of the mechanical drive system are calculated by ANSYS, the result show that the modal frequency contains the component which is close to the coupling vibration frequency of 42Hz. According to the simulation result of the mechanical and electrical system, the closed loop feedback model including the two systems are built, and the mechanism analysis of electromechanical coupling presents that there is the interaction between the current harmonic of electrical system and the speed of the mechanical drive system. At last, by building and computing the equivalent nonlinear dynamics model of the mechanical drive system, the dynamic characteristics of system changing with the stiffness, damping coefficient and the electromagnetic torque are obtained. Such electromechanical interaction process is suggested to consider in research of mill vibration, which can induce strong coupling vibration behavior in the rolling mill drive system.     

高速柔性转子的主要零部件对其动力特性的影响分析

用SAMCEF／ROTOR分析软件建立某新型涡轴发动机动力涡轮空心轴组件和转子（装实心或空心传动轴）动力特性计算的有限元分析模型，基于动力特性（临界转速、振型和不平衡响应）计算结果，分析传动轴、测扭转准轴和动力涡轮盘对转子动力特性的影响，为改进设计提供理论依据。     

压电陶瓷驱动球基微驱动器的动力学研究

研制出了尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×50 mm的压电陶瓷驱动的球基微驱动器样机,并对该微驱动器进行动力学分析以及微型轴孔装配的实验研究。建立了微驱动器金属球空间坐标关系,分析了球基微驱动器的动力学特征,并建立了其动力学模型。采用龙格-库塔法计算出了微驱动器的动力学参数,并利用MATLAB的SIMULINK模块搭建了微驱动器的仿真模型,并对其进行了动力学仿真分析。研制出了球基微驱动器样机,并在此基础上,集成微夹持器形成微操作器,对微驱动器性能进行了实验测试,并开展了Φ180 μm微型轴与Φ200 μm微型孔之间的精密微装配实验研究。最后,分析了微驱动器金属球质量、驱动信号频率、以及金属球与微驱动单元摩擦块接触表面摩擦系数对其性能的影响。实验结果表明:该球基微驱动器的转动分辨率为0.000 1°,转动定位精度为0.000 5°,微驱动器最大工作频率为1 200 Hz。实验结果验证了逆转振动模型的正确性,由该微驱动器所集成的微操作器,完全可以满足对微小元器件的微米级操作与装配等精密作业的要求。     

机械密封可控性研究及其工程应用问题的探讨

从理论和实践两方面分析了机械密封可控性研究工程应用的可行性。对前人研究成果归纳总结表明,机 械密封的控制参数主要有端面温度、膜厚、摩擦转矩、泄漏量和端面比压,执行机构主要有电磁铁和调节阀和 液压缸等形式。同时指出带有端面温度测量传感器的静环,结构复杂、安装不便;端面膜厚测量可信度低;主 轴间串联传感器测量扭矩只适合于无负荷机械密封测试。根据生产装置上应用的机械密封控制系统的工作要 求,提出了由机械密封、转矩传感器、空心O形密封圈、信号调节器、中央处理器和执行器组成的机械密封控 制系统。     

工程机械作业参数遥测系统的研究和设计

介绍工程机械作业参数遥测系统研制的必要性并设计了遥测系统，阐述了系统组成及工作原理，重点研究机械轴的扭矩测试方法，分析了试验结果，并指出了该系统的应用前景。     

扭矩波动对齿轮时变系统拍击门槛转速的影响

建立了具有时变啮合刚度的二级齿轮系统的动力学方程式,它是一个具有时变系数的线性动力系统。用算符分解算法(AOM)研究了扭矩波动和时变啮合刚度对拍击门槛转速的影响。根据计算结果发现,时变啮合刚度可以导致拍击;齿轮啮合频率等于派生系统的固有频率引起的共振是产生拍击的原因之一;低速端的扭矩波动对系统拍击门槛转速影响较小,而高速端的扭矩波动对拍击门槛转速影响较大;在大部分情况下,考虑时变啮合刚度的二次谐波分量后,拍击门槛转速稍有下降。