从米糠油皂脚中提取脂肪酸甲酯,甘油,药物谷维素和不皂化物的方法

前言 稻谷加工过程的副产物—米糠,含油脂16—22％;米糠油通过碱炼、脱色、脱臭、脱蜡,可以生产营养价值高的食用油。在碱炼过程中产生15—25％左右的皂脚。我们通过多年试验,摸索出一条酯化、醇解新工艺,可以有效地利用米糠油皂脚制取化工原料和药物,现就这一工艺方法作如下介绍。 一、工艺流程 表1和表2分别列出了米糠油皂脚的主要成分,以及用皂脚制取脂肪酸甲酯(以下     

菲汀微粉的制取及其应用研究

以正己烷等混合溶剂从脱脂米糠中制取富含菲汀的白色微粉，其菲汀含量可达脱脂米糠的３～４倍。作为提取植酸钙、植酸和肌醇的原料，可减小装置，提高生产能力，减少废水排放、降低设备运转费用。本文通过实验提出了制取菲汀微粉的条件以及用菲汀微粉和脱脂米糠制取植酸钙镁和植酸的结果对照。     

米糠油三合一精炼法

最近几年来。我国米糠油加工工业发展较快。全国粮食加工厂全部和分散在农村中的一半左右米糠利用起来,共有可榨米糠72亿斤。如以出油13%计,可产油9.26亿斤。由此可见米糠油的发展前途是非常喜人的。米糠油除了三甘油脂以外,还有谷维素,生育酚,甾醇等有益成分。如将米糠油精制成为食用油,对于提高人民生活水平,发展脂肪酸工业,深入开发综合利用,都有很大意义。米糠油除了含有单纯脂质约88～92%以外,还有含结合脂质(磷脂、糖脂、糖甙、脂肪酸甾醇酯等)2～3%。难皂化物(蜡和谷维素)约3～4%,不皂化物(烃、     

米糠在食品工业中的应用

米糠是大米加工过程中的主要副产物，约为精米重量的8～10拖。据有关资料报道，我国拥有年产850万吨的米糠资源。米糠含有丰富的营养物质，如蛋白质、碳水化合物。纤维素、油脂、无机元素、丰富的VBI、VB6、VE、英酸、粗脂肪等。近年来，国内外对米糠资源的开发和综合利用进行了广泛深入的研究。米糠除用作饲料外，在食品工业方面还有广阔的应用前景。1提取米糠油米糠油中含有丰富的亚油酸，可预防皮肤病、高血压、降低血清胆固醇、防止植物神经紊乱，堪称“营养保健油”。其制取方法如下：（1）筛选；用铁丝筛除去米糠中的粗糠、碎米和…     

植酸钙、植酸提取新工艺通过鉴定

广西化工研究所与南宁市粮油食品厂合作开发从脱脂米糠提取植酸钙和植酸新工艺,最近通过了技术鉴定。植酸钙植酸是天然的多功能添加剂、在医药、食品、化学、化工、冶金等许多领域具有广泛用途、而且它们的提取对米糠的综合利用和深度开发提高     

科技成果转让

Z22 米糠(麦麸)生产植酸 米糠(麦麸)两种农副产品一直被当作饲料直接喂养畜禽,但利用价值很低。提取植酸后营养价值和外观不变,可以加工成生物蛋白饲料;植酸又是一种重要的化工产品。     

植酸生产新工艺及应用

简述了从米糠或其它粮食副产物中提取植酸的最新工艺流程，与传统的生产工艺相比，总成本降低50％-60％，缩短了生产周期；最佳的工艺条件为：萃取剂浓度为0．05—0．10mol／L；萃取剂：米糠为6：1(w／w)：终止最适宜pH3—3．4，萃取时间2h-3h。另外，对植酸在一些领域中的应用，如在医药、日用化工、食品、纺织、化学工业、金属加工和果蔬保鲜等方面作了详细介绍。发展植酸及其下游产品具有很好的应用价值和潜在的市场前景。     

提取植酸钙的新方法

介绍以米糠为原料，采用循环水浸泡提取并精制植酸钙的新工艺，降低了废水量，提高了植酸钙的得率与质量。     

植酸提取的研究进展

植酸在食品、冶金、化工及医药等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。本文对脱脂米糠中提取、纯化植酸的工艺研究进展进行了综述,探讨了目前研究中存在的问题,并且提出了植酸提取方法今后研究及应用的发展方向。     

提取植酸钙的新方法

介绍以米糠为原料，采用循环水浸泡提取并精制植酸钙的新工艺，降低了废水量，提高了植酸钙的得率与质量     

Extraction of rice bran oil using aqueous media

Aqueous extraction of oil from rice bran was studied on a laboratory scale and the resulting product was examined. The following process parameters influencing oil extraction were individually investigated: pH of aqueous media, extraction temperature, extraction time, agitation speed and rice bran‐to‐water ratio. Extraction temperature and pH were found to be the main factors influencing oil extraction. The highest oil yield was obtained at pH 12.0, extraction temperature 50 °C, extraction time 30 min, agitation speed 1000 rpm, and rice bran‐to‐water ratio 1.5‐to‐10. The quality of aqueous‐extracted oil in terms of free fatty acid, iodine value and saponification value was similar to a commercial sample of rice bran oil and hexane‐extracted oil, but the peroxide value was higher. Furthermore, the colour of aqueous‐extracted oil was paler than solvent‐extracted oil. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Origin of problems encountered in rice bran oil processing

Rice bran oil, not being a seed‐derived oil, has a composition qualitatively different from common vegetable oils and the conventional vegetable oil processing technologies are not adaptable without incurring huge losses. The oil's unusual high content of waxes, free fatty acids, unsaponifiable constituents, phospholipids, glycolipids and its dark color, all cause difficulties in the refining process. An attempt was made in this investigation to look into factors that are responsible for such difficulties and to develop suitable methodologies for physical refining of rice bran oil. Special attention was given to dewaxing, degumming and deacidification steps. The high content of glycolipids (∼6%) present in the oil was found to be a central problem and their removal appeared crucial for successful processing of the oil. We have also isolated and identified, for the first time, phosphorus‐containing glycolipids that are unique to this oil. These compounds prevent a successful degumming of the oil and their high surface activity leads to unusually high refining losses during alkali refining. A number of simple processes has been evolved, including 1) a simultaneous dewaxing and degumming process, 2) an unusual enzymatic process to degum the oil, 3) processes for the removal of the glycolipids including the phosphoglycolipids and 4) a process for the isolation of the glycolipids which may have potential applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The processing protocol suggested here becomes the first and only one to produce an oil with less than 5 ppm of phosphorus from crude rice bran oil, rendering it thus suitable for physical refining. We believe that the present results are very significant and should contribute to a better utilization of this valuable oil.     

Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Oryzanol is an important value-added co-product of the rice and rice bran-refining processes. The beneficial effects of oryzanol on human health have generated global interest in developing facile methods for its separation from rice bran oil soapstock, a by-product of the chemical refining of rice bran oil. In this article we discuss the isolation of oryzanol and the effect that impurities have on its extraction and purification. Presented are the principles behind the extraction (solid-liquid or liquid-liquid extraction, and other methods) of these unit operations covered in selected patents. Methods other than extraction such as crystallization or precipitation-based or a combination of these unit operations also are reviewed. The problems encountered and the ways to solve them during oryzanol extraction, such as prior processing and compositional variation in soapstock, resistance to mass transfer, moisture content and the presence of surface active components, which cause emulsion formation, are examined. Engineering inputs required for solving problems such as saponification, increasing mass transfer area, and drying methods are emphasized. Based on an analysis of existing processes, those having potential to work in large-scale extraction processes are presented.     

Review on Recent Trends in Rice Bran Oil Processing

Rice bran oil (RBO) is popular in several countries such as Japan, India, Korea, China and Indonesia as a cooking oil. It has been shown that RBO is an excellent cooking and salad oil due to its high smoke point and delicate flavor. The nutritional qualities and health effects of rice bran oil are also established. RBO is rich in unsaponifiable fraction (unsap), which contains the micronutrients like vitamin E complexes, gamma oryzanol, phytosterols, polyphenols and squalene. However, the high FFA and acetone-insoluble content of RBO made it difficult for processing. Therefore, in recent years, research interest has been growing in RBO processing to obtain good quality oil with low refining loss. This review article deals with detailed reports on RBO processing including membrane-based techniques from the production and quality point of view.     

Effect of method of stabilization on aqueous extraction of rice bran oil

Rice bran oil is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries due to its unique properties and high medicinal value. In this study aqueous extraction of rice bran oil from rice bran available in Sri Lanka, was studied. Key factors controlling the extraction and optimal operating conditions were identified. Several methods of bran stabilization were tested and the results were analyzed. The yield and quality of aqueous extracted oil was compared with hexane extracted oil.Aqueous extraction experiments were conducted in laboratory scale mixer–settler unit. Steaming, hot air drying, chemical stabilization and refrigeration better controls the lipase activity compared to solar drying. Steaming is the most effective stabilization technique. The extraction capacity was highest at solution pH range 10–12. Higher oil yield was observed at higher operating temperatures (60–80 °C). Kinetic studies revealed that extraction was fast with 95% or more of the extraction occurring within first 10–15 min of contact time. Parboiling of paddy increases the oil yield. Highest oil yield of 161 and 131 mg/g were observed for aqueous extraction of parboiled bran and raw rice bran respectively. The aqueous extracted oil was low in free fatty acid content and color compared to hexane extracted rice bran oil and other commonly used oils. Major lipid species in rice bran oil were oleic, linoleic and palmitic.     

米糠油改性环氧酯铁红防锈底漆

米糠油主要由油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸组成，属半干性油，具有了作为涂料基料的良好理化特性。研究表明，选用米糠油、桐油、环氧树脂和氧化铁红合成的铁红环氧酯防锈底漆，具有无毒、低温固化、防锈能力强等特点。本介绍了底漆的配方、生产工艺，并讨论了影响底漆性能的因素。     

Enzymatic process for extracting oil and protein from rice bran

Enzymatic extraction of oil and protein from rice bran, using a commercial protease (Alcalase), was investigated and evaluated by response surface methodology. The effect of enzyme concentration was most significant on oil and protein extraction yields, whereas incubation time and temperature had no significant effect. The maximal extraction yields of oil and protein were 79 and 68%, respectively. Further, the quality of oil recovered from the process in terms of free fatty acid, iodine value, and saponification value was comparable with solvent-extracted oil and commercial rice bran oil, but the peroxide value was higher.     

Rice bran FFA determination by diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy

Rice bran with FFA levels above 0.1% cannot be used as a food ingredient due to oxidative off-flavor formation. However, extracting high FFA oil from bran by in situ methanolic esterification of rice bran oil to produce methyl ester biodiesel produces greater yields relative to low-FFA rice bran oil. Therefore, high-FFA bran could be exploited for biodiesel production. This study describes an FTIR spectroscopic method to measure rice bran FFA rapidly. Commercial rice bran was incubated at 37°C and 70% humidity for a 13-d incubation period. Diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectra of the bran were obtained and the percentage of FFA was determined by extraction and acid/base titration throughout this period. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and a calibration/validation analysis were done using the IR spectral regions 4000-400 cm⁻¹ and 1731-1631 cm⁻¹. The diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectra indicated an increasing FFA carbonyl response at the expense of the ester peak during incubation, and the regression coefficients obtained by PLS analysis also demonstrated that these functional groups and the carboxyl ion were important in predicting FFA levels. FFA rice bran changes also could be observed qualitatively by visual examination of the spectra. Calibration models obtained using the spectral regions 4000-400 cm⁻¹ and 1731-1631 cm⁻¹ produced correlation coefficients R and root mean square error (RMSE) of cross-validation of R=0.99, RMSE=1.78, and R=0.92, RMSE=4.67, respectively. Validation model statistics using the 4000-400 cm⁻¹ and 1731-1631 cm⁻¹ ranges were R=0.96, RMSE=3.64, and R=0.88, RMSE=5.80, respectively.     

Effect of Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Bran Stabilization Methods on Rice Bran Oil

The extraction of rice bran oil using the conventional organic solvent‐based Soxhlet method involves hazardous chemicals, whereas supercritical fluid extraction is a costly high‐temperature operating system. The subcritical carbon dioxide Soxhlet (SCDS) system, which operates at a low temperature, was evaluated for the extraction of rice bran oil in this study. In addition, rice bran that had been subjected to steam or hot‐air stabilization were compared with unstabilized rice bran (control). The yields; contents of tocopherols, tocotrienols and oryzanol; fatty acid profiles; and the oxidative stabilities of the extracted rice bran oils were analyzed. The yields using hexane and SCDS extraction were approximately 22 and 13–14.5 %, respectively. However, oil extracted using the SCDS system contained approximately 10 times more oryzanol and tocol compounds and had lower free fatty acid levels and peroxide values compared with hexane‐extracted oil. Overall, SCDS extraction of steamed rice bran represents a promising method to produce premium‐quality rice bran oil.     

Membrane degumming of crude rice bran oil: Pilot plant study

The procedure for the classical chemical refining of vegetable oils consists of degumming, alkali neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. Conventional refining of rice bran oil using alkali gives oil of acceptable quality, but the refining losses are very high. A critical work has been carried out to study the application of membrane technology in the pretreatment of crude rice bran oil. Oils intended for physical refining should have a low phosphorus content, and this is not readily achievable by the conventional acid/water degumming process. The application of membrane technology for the pretreatment of rice bran oil has been investigated. The process has already been successfully applied to other vegetable oils. Ceramic membranes, which are important from the commercial point of view, were examined for this purpose. The results showed that the membrane‐filtered oils met the requirements of physical refining, with a substantial reduction in color. It was observed that most of the waxy material was also rejected. Experiments were carried out to establish the relationship between permeate flux and rejection with membrane pore size, trans‐membrane pressure and micellar solute concentration.