双转子系统的振动

双转子结构广泛应用于现代航空发动机中。为了提高推重比,常将高压转子的后支点设计成轴间轴承(或称中介轴承)形式。常将转子设计成柔性转子,即在工作范围内,转子要越过一阶、二阶甚至三阶临界转速。这就使得发动机转子成为耦合很强的双转子系统,传统的单转子理论不能完全描述其振动特性。建立采用中介轴承的双转子模型,考虑支承刚度和阻尼的影响,运用解析方法分析双转子的振动特性,以揭示双转子的振动规律,解释实际运行中出现的现象。     

双转子系统联轴器不对中振动响应分析

针对双转子系统不对中普遍存在,影响系统振动特性的问题,对内转子含有联轴器不对中的双转子系统进行了动力学仿真及振动分析。以某型航空发动机双转子系统为对象,通过施加不对中引发的附加载荷,建立双转子系统联轴器不对中动力学有限元模型。对比分析了特定工况下转子系统随不对中量增加,内外转子振动的频谱特征及轴心轨迹的变化规律。结果表明:内转子联轴器不对中振动特性可通过中介轴承传递到外转子,外转子支撑位置及中介轴承对应位置均可监测到内转子联轴器不对中振动响应;一倍频对联轴器不对中故障不敏感,二倍频幅值随联轴器不对中量的增加而增加,且距离联轴器越近的支撑位置的不对中响应越敏感;轴心轨迹随联轴器不对中量的增加由"椭圆"形变为"内八字"形。     

航空发动机双转子系统碰摩故障振动特性研究

航空发动机转子系统的振动对飞机的飞行安全具有重要影响。文中针对某型航空发动机无中介轴承的双转子系统的结构特征,采用集中质量法建立了双转子-轴承-机匣耦合的动力学模型,分别对内外转子碰摩故障进行了仿真,通过轴心轨迹图、时域波形图、频谱图、庞加莱图分析了双转子系统耦合振动响应特性,提取了内外转子碰摩故障特征。研究成果可以为航空发动机振动状态监测和故障诊断系统提供理论支持。     

双转子不对中故障振动特性分析

建立了带有中介支承的双转子不对中故障系统动力学模型,利用解析分析、数值分析和实验验证,揭示了双转子系统存在平行、角度不对中故障时,高、低压转子的振动特性。理论分析和实验结果表明,由于高压转子采用中介轴承的支承方式,高、低压转子的振动相互耦合,低压转子的不对中振动特征会传至高压转子,在双转子系统临界转速的1/2处会发生2倍频共振。     

双转子系统中介轴承的动载荷及其对轴承温度的影响

通过结合传热学和非线性动力学,探讨了航空发动机双转子系统中介轴承在动载荷作用下的热行为。通过双转子系统动力学响应计算获得中介轴承动载荷,将其代入Palmgren经验公式,得到中介轴承的载荷摩擦热和黏度摩擦热,从而建立中介轴承在动载荷作用下的瞬态热传递模型。通过数值计算得到中介轴承各部位的瞬态温度,发现滚子温度最高,外圈温度最低,且温升速率逐渐衰减为零。进一步分析转速、润滑剂运动黏度和环境温度对中介轴承温度和摩擦热的影响,结果表明,中介轴承温度和总摩擦热在双转子系统共振区内骤增并形成两个峰值,在系统非共振区内则逐渐增大;在共振区内,载荷摩擦热起决定作用,在非共振区内,黏度摩擦热起决定作用;润滑剂运动黏度会显著影响黏度摩擦热,从而影响总摩擦热以及中介轴承温度,而环境温度只影响中介轴承温度。中介轴承动载荷能够在一定程度上体现双转子系统的动力学特性,因此,双转子系统的动力学特性对轴承的热行为有着至关重要的影响,在轴承设计中应予以考虑。     

中介轴承内外圈同向和反向旋转振动分析

结合中介轴承故障特征公式,采用小波分析技术对内、外圈同向和反向旋转的中介轴承进行特征提取,通过对某型双转子航空发动机机匣的振动信号进行分析,验证该方法的有效性。     

弹流润滑下航空发动机中介滚子轴承的均载修形研究

中介轴承做为双转子航空发动机的低压转子和高压转子之间连接的关键零件,其运行状态直接影响发动机的工作性能和飞机的飞行安全.中介轴承的均载修形研究对于提高航空发动机的工作寿命和可靠性具有重要意义.研究了弹性流体润滑条件下,某对转双转子发动机的中介轴承的最佳修形方式.采用切片法,计算了直线圆柱滚子轴承、修正线修形圆柱滚子轴承、全凸修形圆柱滚子轴承以及对数修形圆柱滚子轴承在受径向载荷和倾覆弯矩联合作用时轴承的受力和歪斜情况,通过对比不同修形下滚子的最大载荷数值,得出中介轴承应采取的最佳修形方式.为某型双转子发动机中介轴承设计提供了参考.     

某型航空发动机双转子系统动力学特性计算

针对双转子航空发动机的动力学特性问题展开研究,以传递矩阵法为基础,建立数学计算模型,引用经实验验证的算法,结合某型航空发动机双转子的实际结构,对其动力学特性进行理论计算,对结果进行分析,得出结论,为航空发动机转子动力学特性的调整和发动机的故障诊断提供了一些理论参考。计算结果表明:该发动机转子在额定工作转速范围内存在一阶临界转速,但临界转速远离工作转速,说明柔性转子设计合理。双转子系统中由于中介轴承的耦合作用,一个转子的临界转速随另一个转子转速的增加而增加。     

高速滚动轴承-双转子主轴系统离散建模动力学数值仿真分析

在轴承动力学和转子动力学基础上,对航空发动机双转子-轴承系统的动力学特性进行研究.根据Timoshenko梁-轴理论,建立了双转子系统有限元离散化模型,并用数值方法对其求解,研究表明:(1)由于系统非线性特性的影响,系统在多频耦合激励下响应出现激励频率的倍频率及组合频率,系统振动响应异常复杂;(2)中介滚子轴承的径向游隙变化对系统响应有一定的影响,对支撑轴承处的响应影响较小,较小的游隙可使中介轴承和转子系统中心处的响应位移降低,从而使系统趋于稳定;(3)适当增加支撑轴承滚动体个数使支承轴承和转子中心处的响应降低,系统稳定性也增加;(4)采用实验验证分析可知:仿真计算值与实验值变化趋势基本一致,存在一定的误差(误差约有15.6％).分析结果为定量和定性分析该双转子的稳定性提供了参考依据.     

某型航空发动机中介主轴承早期微弱故障诊断研究

针对基于机匣采集的振动信号难以有效提取出航空发动机中介主轴承早期微弱故障特征的问题,提出了基于巴特沃斯低通滤波器降噪和Hilbert包络解调的中介主轴承早期微弱故障诊断方法。该方法依托带涡轮支承和外机匣的新型航空发动机中介主轴承试验器,首先,开展某型发动机巡航状态下健康中介主轴承试验,获取基准振动频谱特征;然后,进行外圈剥落预置故障的轴承试验,对采集的振动信号通过低通滤波降噪并进行Hilbert包络分析解调出低频故障信号;最后,对比分析健康主轴承试验与轴承故障试验的时域波形、频谱和包络谱。结果表明,包络谱中转差信号与呈现"山"型边带特征,可用于诊断该型航空发动机中介主轴承外圈的早期剥落故障。     

双转子-支承-机匣耦合系统碰摩振动响应分析及试验验证

以某型航空发动机双转子试验器为研究对象,采用Newmark-β数值积分方法求解系统的动力学响应,在考虑高低压转子中介轴承的耦合和机匣的弹性变形及其运动的基础上,建立了碰摩故障双转子-支承-机匣耦合系统动力学模型,理论分析了转速、转子偏心量和碰摩刚度对转子系统动力学特性的影响并进行了相关试验。研究结果表明：发生碰摩故障时,转子和机匣测点频谱分析图中会出现转子的倍频和组合频率,可将其作为判断系统发生局部碰摩的特征信号;随着转子偏心量和碰摩刚度的增大,碰摩幅值响应愈加明显,碰摩程度亦愈加严重;机匣测点振动量值存在衰减,后续理论建模过程中应考虑传递过程的衰减。本研究结论可为碰摩故障机理的探究和碰摩故障的诊断提供参考。     

Dynamic characteristics of the rotor in a magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope with active magnetic bearing and passive magnetic bearing

For a magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope, stiffness and damping of magnetic bearing will influence modal frequency of a rotor. In this paper the relationship between modal frequency and stiffness and damping has been investigated. The mathematic calculation model of axial passive magnetic bearing (PMB) stiffness is developed. And PID control based on internal model control is introduced into control of radial active magnetic bearing (AMB), considering the radial coupling of axial PMB, a mathematic calculation model of stiffness and damping of radial AMB is established. According to modal analysis, the relationship between modal frequency and modal shapes is achieved. Radial vibration frequency is mainly influenced by stiffness of radial AMB; however, when stiffness increases, radial vibration will disappear and a high frequency bending modal will appear. Stiffness of axial PMB mainly affects the axial vibration mode, which will turn into high-order bending modal. Axial PMB causes bigger influence on torsion modal of the rotor.     

液压支架大流量安全阀冲击特性影响因素仿真分析

随着我国煤炭资源开采强度、深度的增加,液压支架受到冲击地压的强度和频率大大增强.提高大流量安全阀的冲击特性是应对冲击地压的重要手段,为研究大流量安全阀冲击特性的影响因素,建立了FATA1000安全阀数学模型,通过AMESim软件搭建冲击特性仿真模型,对其弹簧刚度、阀芯质量、溢流孔数量和直径等影响因素仿真分析.结果 表明...     

Characteristics analysis of aero-engine whole vibration response with rolling bearing radial clearance

For the influence of rolling bearing radial clearance on the whole vibration in the aero-engine whole system, a real engine rotorbearing- casing whole model is established. The rotor and casing systems are modeled by means of FEM; the support systems are modeled by lumped-mass model; rolling bearing radial clearance and strong-nonlinearity of Hertz contact force at four different supports are considered. The coupled system response is obtained by the numerical integral method. The characteristics of the whole vibration response are analyzed. For rolling bearing at a typical support, the rotor, outer ring of rolling bearing and casing response characteristics at different rotating speeds are analyzed. The changing law of contact forces for each ball and the global contact forces at different speeds are analyzed. The influence of the radical clearance on the contact forces on the whole vibration is analyzed. The results show that the contact forces will be larger and the acceleration amplitude jumps obviously when the radial clearance is increased, and due to the variable stiffness of the rolling bearing, the natural frequency will appear when the stiffness changes fiercely, that is frequency-locked phenomenon. When the radical clearance is larger and the rotating speed is between two critical speeds, the rotor squeezes the outer ring now and then. Reducing the radical clearance can reduce the whole vibration and increase the rotor’s stability.     

俄制220MW汽轮发电机组低压转子振动分析及治理

为了解决某电厂4号机组低压转子振动长期处于报警值的状况,首先对小修停机过程中轴系振动进行监测、分析,进而制定了在低压转子加重的动平衡方案;小修后启机,针对轴系振动出现的变化,经过分析判断,确认是轴系中心调整所致,并制定了在低发对轮加重的方案;最后将低压转子振动降至优秀的水平。处理结果表明,通过合理的轴系平衡可以以最少的启机次数解决低压转子振动超标的故障,为类似机组振动处理提供了参考。     

Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Crack on a shaft is one of the common damages in a rotor system. In this paper, transverse vibrations are calculated to compare the influences of transverse crack and slant crack on the rotor system. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft is larger than that with a transverse crack when the two types of crack have the same depth and the rotor system runs in the same condition. Stability and dynamic characteristics of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft under torsional excitation are analyzed by considering opening and closing of the crack. It is shown that the instability of the transverse vibration of the rotor system increases with increasing difference between the bending stiffness in two main directions, and the vibration is stable when the two bending stiffness are identical. The spectrum analysis of the steady-state response reveals that the gravity and the eccentricity produce different frequency components, and when the two bending stiffness are identical, the multiple frequency components of the torsional excitation disappear. Further investigation shows that the vibration amplitudes in combined frequencies increase rapidly in transversal, torsional, and axial vibration with increasing slant crack depth. The results are helpful for the understanding the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on a shaft and can be used for the detection of the slant crack on a shaft.     

Features of oscillations of an initially deflected rotor

A mathematical model of the motion of a single-disk rotor installed on anisotropic bearings is developed. The rotor has an initial deflection, which is revealed only during turbounit operation. The model feature is that the system oscillation equation includes the horizontal and vertical displacements of the axis connecting the centers of the end cross sections of the shaft as the variables, while the given instability vector is the sum of such vectors of the disk and the initial deflection at the disk fixing point on the shaft. It is shown that parametrical terms causing parametrical resonances in the system appear when taking the shaft torsion into account. An example of a calculation of the resonance oscillation amplitudes of the deflected rotor with high turbine pressure which is K-300-23.5 is presented. A contribution of the preliminary deflection to the value of the rotor vibration amplitude near the bearings and in the center of the span is evaluated.     

某型航空发动机振动值摆动故障诊断

针对某型双转子航空发动机拍振振动值摆动的问题,推导了拍振形成的条件。结合该型发动机的结构特点,对不同测点的振动信号进行了分析,确定了拍振产生的原因和振源位置。在此基础上,对低压转子振动、高压转子振动及附件传动轴的振动3个信号的合成规律进行了仿真计算,提出了该型航空发动机振动值摆动故障的排除方法。结果表明,该型发动机产生振动值摆动的根本原因是低压转子振动与附件传动轴的振动频率接近,形成了拍振。降低振动值摆动的有效方法是降低低压转子和附件传动轴的振动量。     

基于转子动力学及振动传递路径的轴向柱塞泵振动研究

基于转子动力学及振动传递路径理论,提出一种研究高速高压轴向柱塞泵振动产生及传递的新思路。以轴向柱塞泵旋转组件、联轴器及电机旋转组件为对象,构建泵-电机组转子系统,采用转子动力学和复杂机械系统振动传递理论研究转子系统动力学行为及声振特性演化规律。主要研究内容有：泵-电机组干转子系统动力学建模及其动力学行为分析;间隙环流作用下泵-电机组湿转子系统动力学行为分析;轴向柱塞泵机械多维振动传递机理及声振特性传播分析。预期获得的研究成果,将为揭示高速高压轴向柱塞泵振动机理,实现精准振动控制奠定理论和技术基础。