耦合SOEC的煤制乙二醇新工艺开发与系统评价

针对传统煤制乙二醇过程CO₂排放高和资源利用率低等问题,本文提出了一种耦合固体氧化物电解池（SOEC）的煤制乙二醇新工艺（SO-CtEG）。新工艺通过集成固体氧化物电解池制氢技术,避免了水煤气变换单元和空分单元,也有效降低了煤气化和酸性气体脱除单元的处理规模。在全流程建模与模拟的基础之上,进行了详细的技术经济分析与灵敏度分析。结果表明,SO-CtEG新工艺的碳元素利用效率和?效率分别是传统煤制乙二醇项目的2.16倍和1.48倍。与传统煤制乙二醇过程相比,SO-CtEG新工艺总投资费用降低23.64%、生产成本节约17.14 %,内部收益率提高8.85%。因此,新工艺不但可以提高风光消纳能力和减少传统煤制乙二醇的碳排放,还具有更佳的技术经济环境性能,是未来煤制乙二醇行业具有良好发展前景的工艺路线之一。     

美国依斯特曼化学公司开发新的PET回收工艺

依斯特曼化学公司Ｋｉｎｇｓｐｏｒｔ,ＴＥＮ ,开发了一种价格低廉的回收新工艺。用于回收不能为其它方法回收的聚酯瓶。该工艺将简化聚酯塑料的回收工艺同时扩展了ＰＥＴ包装材料市场。ＰＥＴ瓶回收新专利的解聚合工艺与染料、涂料或塑料隔层完全无关。该新工艺使生产的ＰＥＴ的质量能够适合食用包装且比使用纯新聚合物生产节约能量。此种新工艺的一个试验装置最近已开始投产。依斯特曼目前期待该新技术能成功地与现有的机械工艺相结合 ,解决ＰＥＴ回收问题 ,这将促进ＰＥＴ在消费产品方面的使用。伊斯特曼已开发和评估的工艺包括 :乙二醇…     

碳酸丙烯酯清洁工艺问世

华东理工大学化工学院经过6年的潜心研究，成功开发了利用二氧化碳废气在临界状态下与环氧丙烷直接合成碳酸丙烯酯的清洁生产新工艺路线，并于近日通过了上海市科委主持的技术鉴定。经上海市科学技术情报研究所文献水平查新与鉴定专家评议，该成果为国内首创，达到国际先进水平。该新工艺与原工艺相比，节约蒸汽45％、节约电70％、节约水57％，设备投资减少20％以上，生产过程清洁。使二氧化碳废气直接变废为宝，净化了环境。     

DuPont开发能降低投资40%的PET新工艺

DuPont公司开发了一种能降低投资40％的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)新工艺,同时,其生产费用也较低。     

电解法生产乙二醇

<正> 电解合成公司开发出一种通过电加氢二聚甲醛(经合成气路线由甲醇制得)法生产乙二醇的新工艺。生产乙二醇的工业路线是水合环氧乙烷,而环氧乙烷又是通过直接氧化乙烯获得的。据该公司透露,新工艺与孟山都公司的电加氢二聚丙烯腈法生产含脂乙腈的工艺有些相似。初步研究结果表明,在连续流动电解槽操作中,乙二醇的产量和选     

浅谈高氯酸钾零排放生产工艺

本文介绍了氯酸钾配方法生产高氯酸钾的新工艺,与传统的氯化钾配方法生产高氯酸钾工艺比较,新工艺具有不需排放废水,节约了资源,保护了环境、降低了生产成本等突出优点。     

MCC新工艺值得关注

目前主流的乙二醇生产工艺是以乙烯和氧气为原料,通过载有银催化剂的固定床反应器生成环氧乙烷后再直接水合制成的。2001年7月三菱化学由环氧乙烷催化制备乙二醇新工艺,又称作MCC催化制备乙二醇工艺应用获得成功。该新工艺使用的是一种磷基催化剂,其乙二醇选择性超过了99%,而传     

2,5—二丁氧基—4—吗啉重氮盐合成工艺改进

本文以对苯二酚为原料,采用相转移催化反应,对新型高速感光村料2,5-二丁氧基-4-吗啉重氮盐合成工艺进行改进。新工艺革除了易爆的金属钠,又缩短了生产周期,节约了大量溶剂,产品收得率从72％提高到85％。     

湿法制取氟化铝新工艺及经济分析

为了降低湿法氟化铝的生产成本,同时利用本地的矿产资源,利用氢氟酸、硫酸、高岭土为原料生产湿法氟化铝.介绍了生产的工艺流程、工艺条件,分析了生产过程中应注意的问题及氟化铝产品质量的控制.利用新工艺制得的氟化铝产品质量满足GB/T 4292-1999标准要求.阐述了新工艺的优点,并且对经济效益进行了对比分析.新工艺生产氟化铝比老湿法工艺成本节约661元/t.新工艺无废渣和废水排放,具有非常好的经济效益和社会效益.     

法国开发回收PET新工艺

法国开发回收ＰＥＴ新工艺法国石油研究院（ＩＴＰ）和工艺化学工程公司共同开发了化学回收ＰＥＴ树脂和Ｒｅｃｏ－ＰＥＴ工艺，该新工艺将ＰＥＴ分解成对苯二甲酸和乙二醇。Ｒｅｃｏ－ＰＥＴ工艺与其他方法相比，其主要优点是能处理含一定比例的杂质，如４％或有时甚至高...     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.