立辊形状对边角部金属流动的影响规律

以梅钢热轧机组的粗轧板坯边部出现"黑线"为背景,对不同立辊形状的五道次可逆立-平轧制过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,孔型立辊轧制可更好地抑制双鼓形的产生;在相同的轧制工艺条件下,孔型立辊轧制的翻平量大于平立辊轧制的翻平量;轧制过程中,低温、高应力应变状态的金属在轧件边部的累积最终可能导致轧件边部沿长度方向产生"黑线"缺陷;立轧具有一定的修复微小缺陷的作用,从而改善和提高了带钢的边部质量.     

钛合金棒材轧制的孔型设计与应用

设计了钛合金棒材轧制用椭圆-圆孔型,并在φ250横列式轧机进行了椭圆-圆孔型系统和椭圆-方孔型系统轧制钛合金棒材的对比试验.其结果表明,两种孔型系统轧制的棒材力学性能基本一致,组织均为两相区加工组织,无原始β晶界,但椭圆-圆孔型系统轧出的棒材晶粒较细小,等轴晶较多,外表面质量好,可提高钛合金棒材的成品率.轧后检查辊槽表面,发现椭圆-圆孔型系统的辊槽无明显变化,可减少换辊、修辊的次数,降低轧辊消耗.     

无孔型(平辊)轧制工艺——轧钢新技术讲座之二

无孔型轧制是指在无轧槽(孔型)的轧辊上轧制高宽比较大的轧件,即将常规有轧槽(孔型)的轧辊改为平辊,也称为平辊轧制。 在棒材和线材生产中,孔型轧制是最普遍采用的方法。其主要缺点是轧辊辊身长度的利用率低,在轧辊辊面上仅能加工成数量有限的孔型;其次,为了精确对正上下辊的槽孔,需要轴向调正轧辊;第三,孔型和导卫装置存在不均匀磨损,影响产品及中间半成品质量;第四,轧制不同规格产品要采用不同的孔型和导卫装置,频繁换孔     

张力减径机不同孔型横向壁厚分布的有限元模拟分析

借助有限元分析软件模拟钢管张力减径的轧制过程,由3种不同张力减径机孔型轧制的同一规格钢管产品的横向壁厚分布的比较表明,采用宝钢专有技术设计的新孔型轧制的钢管与原有的德国传统孔型轧制的钢管相比,其横向壁厚较为均匀,并对钢管"辊印"缺馅的产生有抑制作用.     

多道次立-平辊轧制立辊孔型对轧件头尾形状影响的有限元分析

 利用显式动力学有限元方法和几何模型更新方法模拟了不同立辊孔型下多道次立 平辊轧制过程,对轧后各道次的轧件头尾形状进行了分析。结果表明：采用平立辊轧制时,轧件影响深度比采用孔型立辊时小,且轧件尾部出现尖角,而采用孔型立辊时未出现;采用孔型辊时,孔型立辊底部导角大小对轧件头尾形状影响较小,且轧件伸长率比采用平立辊时大。同时,平立辊轧制过程头尾情况与用铅实验值吻合较好,说明了本次分析的正确性。     

重轨开坯轧制的有限元模拟、优化和应力分析

用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对U75V重轨钢280 mm×380 mm铸坯开坯轧制重轨过程进行数值模拟,优化切深孔C孔的孔型,并分析优化前后开坯轧制重轧横截面的应力分布。结果表明,经孔型优化,降低了轧制过程重轨的等效应力,中轴线等效应力状态得到改善,原始孔型应力波动范围为9～44 MPa,优化孔型为8～30 MPa,中轴线纵向最大应力由原来的41.4 MPa降至21.1 MPa。     

厚壁无缝钢管张减过程横向壁厚不均研究

为解决热轧厚壁无缝钢管横向壁厚分布不均的问题,建立三维热力耦合有限元模型,对张力减径轧制过程进行了动态模拟,并结合工业试验验证仿真模型.根据仿真结果分析了轧制过程中温度、应变和摩擦力的分布,研究了单道次轧制时金属的径向和周向流动规律,并结合整个轧制过程对金属的横向流动及壁厚不均的形成过程进行了分析,研究了轧制过程中温度对金属流动行为的影响,从而总结出横向壁厚分布不均的原因.结果表明:(1)在经过单道次轧制时,金属的周向流动为从孔型顶部流向辊缝,对应孔型角±30°位置处金属的周向流动最活跃,靠近孔型顶部和辊缝位置的金属周向流动性较差.但从整个轧制过程来看,金属总的周向流动为从孔型顶部和辊缝向孔型角±30°位置处流动,从而导致孔型角±30°位置处的壁厚比孔型顶部和辊缝位置要厚.(2)温度分布对金属横向流动有重大影响.由于塑性功换热的原因,孔型角±30°位置处金属的温度比辊缝和孔型顶部处高,此处金属较软,阻力较小,孔型顶部和辊缝处金属向此处的流动性增强,导致钢管截面呈内边方形.      

冷轧四辊轧机辊间接触应力与工作辊边裂失效分析

研究冷连轧机组辊系受力分布状态,揭示冷轧四辊CVC连轧机工作辊边部环裂产生原因。以某厂轧辊边部剥落案例为基础,通过对轧辊剥落形貌观察,硬度检测分析,并借助有限元仿真计算对工作辊在服役中的受力分布状态进行了计算。结果表明接触应力最大位置应为与支承辊端部倒角根部,最大应力达到1000MPa。工作辊边部环裂或局部剥落主要与工作辊横向移动在辊身端部受到较大接触挤压应力有关;在高周循环挤压应力作用下,轧辊次表面形成微裂纹,随裂纹扩展最终导致轧辊失效。     

锆合金管材两辊冷轧的轧制力模型建立和应用

管材皮尔格两辊冷轧过程中的轧制力影响成品管材的尺寸精度、轧制模具寿命以及轧制过程的稳定性。本研究基于Neumann-Siebel轧制力计算方法,考虑了轧辊弹性变形和空减径对轧制力的影响,依据Hitchcook方程对其进行了修正,利用Matlab软件建立了皮尔格两辊冷轧过程中的轧制力计算模型,并以KPW25轧机轧制Zr-4合金管材的轧制过程为研究对象,通过实验验证了该模型的可靠性。以R6072锆合金管材轧制为例,通过该轧制力计算模型分析了孔型曲线、管坯壁厚、送进量和摩擦对轧制力的影响。结果表明:轧制力在空减径段缓慢增加,进入减径减壁段后迅速增加至峰值,之后缓慢降低;孔型曲线对轧制力的分布有显著影响,当孔型指数等于2.0时,轧制力分布最为合理;轧制力随管坯壁厚、送进量和摩擦力的增大而增加。     

高线粗中轧轧辊轧槽磨损规律浅析

轧辊槽面状况直接影响高速线材盘条表面质量,对粗中轧不同机架轧辊孔型磨损进行了大量测量,结果显示,无论是椭圆孔型还是圆孔型,孔型磨损都呈现极大不均匀性,槽底磨损量最大;沿轧制方向,磨损量逐渐增加,且椭圆孔型磨损量增加幅度高于圆孔型;单机架磨损量随吨位呈正相关关系。这些基本规律,有助于轧机操作人员适时地进行辊缝调整,更容易地控制料形。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.