计算机绘图在机器人工作空间分析中的应用

本文基于圆弧投影法,提出了分析关节型一般结构机器人工作空间的数学模型。并在此基础上分析了机器人工作空间特性的一般规律,从而得出了工作空间特性与结构参数之间的内在联系。     

空间机器人分布式滑模变结构控制方法

针对空间机器人的动力学特性和星载控制系统的结构特点,分别基于干扰上确界和比例切换,设计了2种分布式滑模变结构控制方法,以实现在存在不确定干扰和关节摩擦力矩情况下基座姿态和关节运动的综合控制.首先给出了空间机器人的动力学模型和关节低速摩擦力矩模型,并以两自由度空间机器人为例,介绍了2种分布式滑模变结构控制方法的推导过程.通过仿真实验,对2种控制方法进行了对比,结果表明分布式变结构控制方法在简化算法的同时,能够保证系统控制性能,并对干扰和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于人工肌肉的机器人驱动关节设计与研究

提出一种基于人工肌肉的新型驱动关节设计方法, 用于提高机器人的驱动性能.通过定义关节结构的笛卡儿坐标系统,建立了反映关节结构参 数与工作空间、结构强度、动力学特性之间关系的数学模型.在上述分析的基础上,采用多 目标规划算法对驱动关节进行优化设计,并给出相应的设计变量、目标函数、约束条件和求 解方法.最后,将该方法应用于某四足机器人髋关节的设计过程.仿真结果表明,基于人工 肌肉的新型驱动关节具有良好的强度、灵巧度和承载能力.     

基于离线编程技术的喷涂机器人第七轴开发

基于离线编程技术的喷涂机器人轨迹生成已成为喷涂机器人控制方法的发展趋势。通过对现有的六轴机器人轨迹生成方案的分析和研究,提出了在喷涂轨迹设计中增加第七轴的方案。该方案通过改变六轴机器人的运动方式扩展了机器人的可达空间,使其能够完成复杂工件曲面的喷涂。实验结果表明,与传统的六轴机器人轨迹生成方案相比,所提出的方案对于复杂曲面的喷涂效果更好,更适于实际工业应用。     

新型6-HTRT并联机器人工作空间和参数研究

本文介绍了新型6-HTRT并联机器人的机构型式和工作原理，给出了考虑到约束条件的 位置逆解算法和存在多组解时的逆解选取准则．利用逆解算法和三维搜索，得到了确定该类 型机器人工作空间的方法和工作空间体积的计算公式．分析了6-HTRT并联机器人工作空间 的形态特点以及机器人结构参数和运动参数对工作空间体积的影响．     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。     

基于OPC和.NET平台的喷涂机器人监控系统设计

机器人监控系统是工业机器人应用的关键技术之一。论述了一种实用的针对喷涂机器人工作环境的上位机监控系统的设计和实现。该监控系统采用国际通用的OPC过程控制协议标准,实现了上位机与作业现场的机器人控制器之间的通信。而上位机客户端采用.NET平台进行开发,设计了面向喷涂工艺的支持多机器人的WinForm程序。整个设计满足了控制的需求,并且保证了系统的实时性。     

基于MATLAB的工业机器人工作空间分析及图形仿真

在对机器人运动学分析和误差补偿方案建立的基础上,提出用数值法对与测量机器人连接的工业机器人的工作空间进行求解。对六自由度串联机器人的工作空间进行了MATLAB三维图形仿真,同时分析介于测量机器人和工业机器人之间的联动装置的球面副转角,研究球面副转角对工业机器人工作空间的影响情况。     

基于PMAC的机器人控制器调试系统的研制

以工控机IPC与可编程多轴控制器PMAC(Programmable Multi-Axis Comroller)相结合的开放式结构作为六自由度喷涂机器人控制系统硬件平台.用Visual C#.NET研制了六自由度喷涂机器人控制器调试系统.包括了速度及加速度参数设置,关节空间运动调试,直角坐标空间运动调试及I/0端口调试四个方面.通过实验验证,该调试系统能够对六自由度喷涂机器人控制器工作的实时性,可靠性,安全性等性能有一个总体的评估.     

工业码垛机器人运动学仿真

码垛机器人的运动学分析是实现码垛控制的前提和基础.针对码垛机器人的结构特点,运用空间几何方法对码垛机器人的运动学特性进行理论分析,建立驱动关节与末端执行器的映射关系.利用INVENTOR和ADAMS软件建立了码垛机器人参数化虚拟样机模型,进行运动学仿真.同时,对码垛机器人码垛轨迹仿真优化.实验结果证明,新型工业码垛机器人具有良好的运动学特性,符合现代码垛作业的要求.新提出的机器人仿真分析方法,对进一步提高码垛机器人技术的设计水平,具有促进和借鉴作用.     

基于MRI的胸腹部介入治疗机器人工作空间分析

机器人工作空间的分析和求解是机器人机构设计过程中一个非常重要的问题,本文基于Matlab仿真法研究MRI环境下的胸腹部介入治疗机器人的工作空间,根据机器人结构,利用Matlab／Silnulink中的SimMechanics工具箱进行建模,并仿真出机器人的工作空间,最后通过仿真结果验证机器人结构的合理性井对机器人结构的优化设计提出想法。     

基于自学习中枢模式发生器的仿人机器人适应性行走控制

为了克服传统中枢模式发生器(Central pattern generator, CPG)关节空间控制方法的复杂性和局限性, 本文基于自学习中枢模式发生器模型, 提出了一套在线调制和融合多传感器信息的仿人机器人环境自适应行走控制方法.算法难点在于如何在机器人的工作空间将自学习CPG用于工作空间轨迹生成, 并使CPG参数直接和步态模式相关联.本文提出了利用自学习CPG来学习和实时生成机器人质心轨迹和脚掌轨迹的方法, 在线调节机器人步长、抬腿高度和步行速度等关键参数.参考生物反射行为, 利用传感反馈信息激发CPG以产生具有环境适应性的工作空间轨迹, 提升行走质量. 控制系统的参数通过优化算法来进一步改善行走性能.相比于传统的CPG关节空间法, 本文所采用的自学习CPG工作空间法不仅极大简化了CPG网络结构而且提高了仿人机器人行走的适应性.最后, 通过仿人机器人坡面适应性行走的仿真和实验, 验证了所提出控制策略的可行性和有效性.     

A geometric approach to solving the stable workspace of quadruped bionic robot with hand–foot-integrated function

This paper discusses stable workspace of a hand–foot-integrated quadruped walking robot, which is an important issue for stable operation of the robot. This robot was provided with combined structure of parallel and serial mechanisms, whose stable workspace was the subspace of the workspace in which the system was considered stable. The reachable region was formed under structural conditions, while the stable space was formed by the overall conditions of stability which changed with the robot's pose and the mass of grabbed object. In this paper, based on the robot's main structure, the key issues in solving the robot's workspace are discussed in detail, including searching steady conditions of operation of the robot. To research the robot's workspace, working leg's motion curve needed to be solved by kinematics analysis. Due to the redundant drive, it was problematic to deal analytically with the kinematics of the quadruped walking robot. A geometric method of kinematic analysis was proposed as well. Based on the geometric method, the workspace of the robot under varying postures was analyzed by the method of grid partition and in combination with Matlab, VB and Solidworks software programs. An automated computational system of the stable workspace was developed and an example was given to illustrate the whole process in detail. The theory and analysis procedures were also verified by simulation of the robot and its actual grabbing of an object.     

Application of parallel mechanism in varistructured quadruped/biped human-carrying walking chair robot

For the existing problems of walking chair robot such as simple function,lower bearing capacity and not walking in complex environment,a novel varistructured quadruped / biped human-carrying walking chair robot is proposed.The proposed robot could be used as biped and quadruped walking chair robots.Considering the conversion of the walking chair robot from the quadruped to the biped or vice versa,6-UPS and 2-UPS+UP(U,P and S are universal joint,the prismatic pair,and sphere joint,respectively) parallel mechanisms are selected as the leg mechanism of the biped walking robot and quadruped walking robot,respectively.Combining the screw theory and theory of mechanism,the degrees of freedom of the leg mechanism and the body mechanism in diferent motion states are computed so as to meet the requirements of mechanism design.The motion characteristics of the 2-UPS+UP parallel mechanism which is the key part of the walking chair robot are analyzed.Then,the workspace of the moving platform is drawn and the efect of the structural parameters on the workspace volume is studied.Finally,it is found that the volume of the workspace of the moving platform is bigger when the side length ratio and the vertex angle ratio of the fxed platform and the moving platform which are isosceles triangles are close to 1.This study provides a theoretical foundation for the prototype development.     

Posture optimization methodology of 6R industrial robots for machining using performance evaluation indexes

For industrial robots, the relatively low posture-dependent stiffness deteriorates the absolute accuracy in the robotic machining process. Thus, it is reasonable to consider performing machining in the regions of the robot workspace where the kinematic, static and even dynamic performances are highest, thereby reducing machining errors and exhausting the advantages of the robot. Simultaneously, an optimum initial placement of the workpiece with respect to the robot can be obtained by optimizing the above performances of the robot. In this paper, a robot posture optimization methodology based on robotic performance indexes is presented. First, a deformation evaluation index is proposed to directly illustrate the deformation of the six-revolute (6R) industrial robot (IR) end-effector (EE) when a force is applied on it. Then, the kinematic performance map drawn according to the kinematic performance index is utilized to refine the regions of the robot workspace. Furthermore, main body stiffness index is proposed here to simplify the performance index of the robot stiffness, and its map is used to determine the position of the EE. Finally, the deformation map obtained according to the proposed deformation evaluation index is used to determine the orientation of the EE. Following these steps, the posture of the 6R robot with the best performance can be obtained, and the initial workpiece placement can be consequently determined. Experiments on a Comau Smart5 NJ 220-2.7 robot are conducted. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the present posture optimization methodology.     

Workspace optimization for a planar cable-suspended direct-driven robot

The present work is inspired by an industrial task, i.e. spray painting a large area by means of a robotic system consisting in a Cable-Driven Parallel Robot (CDPR). In many cases, the area of the robot workspace is smaller than the area to be painted. For this reason, the base of the robot has to be shifted several times during the painting process. These robots are referred to as Repetitive Workspace Robots (RWR). In other words, in order to accomplish the whole task, they need to be moved after they have completed a sub-task locally. A cable suspended CDPR is an ideal candidate for such tasks; it can be thin, light, flexible and cost-efficient.The question is: which is the best shape of the local workspace in these conditions? In fact, not always a larger area of the local workspace guarantees an efficient painting process. This is because the efficiency relies mainly on the shape rather than on the local workspace area itself.In this work we employ an index [Seriani S, Gallina P, Gasparetto A, 2014] to evaluate the efficiency of the workspace of a 2-link CDPR. Finally, we show how the index value changes in relation to some geometrical parameters of the robot, thus laying the foundations for a general design methodology.     

Optimal design and workspace analysis of a mobile welding robot with a 3P3R serial manipulator

This paper presents the design optimization of a mobile welding robot based on the analysis of its workspace. A welding robot has been developed to be used inside the double-hull structure of ships, and it shows good welding functionality. But there is a need to optimize the kinematic variables ensuring that the required welding functions inside the ships are satisfied. The task-oriented workspace, which is the workspace enabling specific rotations, has been defined in order to validate the welding ability of the robot, and incorporating the required rotational capabilities. To calculate the workspace, a geometric approach is adopted which considers the pitching and yawing angles simultaneously. Based on the workspace analysis, a scenario is compiled for considering a mass reduction, and a ratio between the design parameters and the workspace, with constraints on the workspace margins. The proposed optimization procedure is composed of two steps of coarse and fine searching. In the coarse searching step, a feasible parameter region (FPR) is defined, which satisfies the geometrical design constraints, and can be obtained without any considerations of the objective functions. In the fine searching step, the design parameters are determined by using the optimization technique of the conjugate gradient method in the overall FPRs. The suggested approach to calculating the task-oriented workspace, and the procedure of optimal design, are expected to be applied to general industrial robots.     

连续体单孔手术机器人的建模与优化分析

提出了一种新构型的6自由度连续体单孔手术机器人．其形变骨架采用超弹性材料一体化成型加工,具有一系列十字交叉镂空结构的弹性铰链．建立了机器人的运动学模型,分析了机器人的可达工作空间,提出一种手术作业空间的优化搜索方法,获得了作业空间中关键位置的操作灵活性．进而以操作灵活性为目标,以关节形变能力为约束,优化分析连续体机构形变骨架的几何参数,形成提升连续体单孔手术机器人操作灵活性的参数优化方法．最后进行连续体机器人的运动控制实验,经过测试,机器人的末端位置误差为2.23 mm,角度误差为2.06°,验证了模型的准确性．