微束等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层特性

采用轴向中心送粉式微束等离子喷涂系统在2kW级的小功率条件下制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层.研究了电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度与涂层组织结构和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜观察涂层的组织结构,采用X射线衍射分析涂层的相结构,采用磨粒磨损质量损失表征涂层的性能,用热辐射粒子速度温度测量系统测试工艺参数对喷涂粒子速度的影响.结果表明,电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度的影响都比较明显,粒子速度随着电弧功率和工作气体流量的增加而增加,随着喷涂距离的增加而下降.涂层的磨粒磨损质量损失随电弧功率的增加而减少,而随工作气体流量和喷涂距离的增加而增加.分析表明粒子的温度对涂层磨粒磨损质量损失有较大的影响.采用微束等离子喷涂可以制备磨粒磨损性能与传统等离子喷涂在38kW下制备的涂层相当的Al2O3涂层.     

等离子喷涂纳米氧化铝钛粉体粒子状态研究

用Spray watch 2i粒子状态在线监测仪器,研究了喷涂电压、主气压强及喷涂距离对粒子状态(温度和速度)的影响。在测量的范围内,提高喷涂电压,纳米陶瓷粒子温度和速度均有显著增大;提高主气压强,纳米陶瓷粒子温度下降,粒子速度增大;延长喷涂距离,纳米陶瓷粒子温度下降,粒子速度有所下降。     

多功能超音速火焰喷涂粒子速度的计算机仿真

超音速火焰喷涂粒子焰流速度对涂层的性能影响极大,但其实际速度很难确定,根据射流动力学原理,建立了多功能超音速火焰喷涂的焰流和粒子速度模型,并对焰流、WC-17Co和NiCrBSi喷涂粒子的速度进行了计算机仿真计算.结果表明:随喷涂距离增大,超音速焰流速度、温度不断下降,直至形成亚音速焰流;粒子的速度分布在300～800...     

喷涂工艺条件对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr粒子速度的影响

运用热辐射法测定了超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr粒子速度,研究了燃气流量、氧气流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度的影响规律,结果表明,燃气流量、氧气流量对粒子速度具有显著影响,当燃气流量在37～46L/min范围内增加,氧气流量在368～447L/min范围内增加时,粒子速度上升显著.适中的氧气流量有利于获得较高的粒子速度.粒子速度随喷涂距离呈现先增加后减小的变化规律,粒子的加速过程主要在距枪口160mm的范围内进行.     

超音速火焰喷涂简化数学模型及其应用

应用燃料燃烧理论、气体动力学和两相流原理,建立了超音速火焰喷涂焰流特性和粒子加速、加热行为的简化模型,并在计算机上进行了数值求解。研究了气、油质量比(空气过剩系数)对燃烧室焰流温度及相关参数的影响。结果表明,随着气、油质量比的增大,燃烧室焰流温度明显降低,因此气、油质量比不宜过大。另外,预热助燃气体是提高燃烧室焰流温度的重要措施。燃烧室焰流压力越快,焰流出枪速度越大,但焰流出枪温度越低。喷涂WC-Co系合金时,合理的燃烧室焰流压力约为0.6MPa。粒子出枪后,粒子速度和温度均先增大后降低,因此存在一个合理的喷涂距离。针对所研究的条件,合理的喷涂距离约为0.1m。     

局部晶序分析方法研究团簇沉积后的晶格结构

在冷喷涂过程中,喷涂粒子被超音速气流加热到较高速度,在低于喷涂材料熔点的温度下撞击基体发生剧烈的塑性变形而沉积形成涂层.通过径向分布函数和局部晶序方法研完了粒子沉积后形成涂层的晶格结构,发现粒子沉积后形成了类似于基体的fcc晶格结构.     

大豆蛋白液喷涂粒子速度场的PIV初探

目的选择蔬菜复合纸覆膜成型过程中的最优喷涂条件。方法利用PIV(粒子图像测速)技术测量不同喷涂参数下大豆蛋白液喷涂雾化粒子的速度场分布,并通过数据分析软件Tecplot处理分析喷涂参数对大豆蛋白液喷涂雾化粒子速度场的影响,最终得出喷雾速度场中心轴上和某一截面上速度的变化规律。结果当喷涂气压一定时,喷涂粒子速度随着喷涂液压的增大呈增大趋势,但不是很明显。当喷涂液压不变时,喷涂粒子速度随着喷涂气压的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势。在喷雾场喷嘴中轴线方向上雾化粒子速度从喷口喷出后先急剧增大,随着距喷嘴越来越远逐渐呈现波动变化的趋势,最后趋于稳定。在距离喷嘴300 mm的截面处,粒子速度以轴心处最大,向外沿径向逐渐减小,大体呈对称趋势。结论用PIV技术对大豆蛋白液喷涂粒子速度场进行研究,可为后期蔬菜复合纸覆膜成型提供一个有力的试验数据参考。     

喷涂距离对Fe基非晶涂层孔隙影响的研究

热喷涂涂层中孔隙的存在会降低涂层的耐蚀性,减少涂层寿命,而热喷涂工艺参数很大程度上影响涂层的孔隙率。本文采用计算机数值模拟和设计验证实验的分析方法,重点研究了JP-8000超音速火焰喷涂系统(HVOF)制备Fe基非晶涂层工艺参数中喷涂距离与涂层孔隙的关联性。利用商用计算软件Fluent计算平台,研究加入粉末粒子前,喷枪内火焰温度和速度的变化规律,以及加入非晶粉末后,不同喷涂距离条件下颗粒飞行过程的温度和速度的变化规律。仿真结果表明,喷涂距离为360~380 mm时,非晶粉末颗粒在撞击基板时处于半融化状态,颗粒在基板上具有良好的流动性,可获得孔隙率较低的涂层。验证实验结果与仿真结果一致。X射线衍射结果表明,粉末、不同喷涂距离所制备的涂层以及同成分的非晶条带均为完全非晶态结构。SEM和孔隙率统计结果表明,喷涂距离为370 mm时,涂层截面的孔隙较少,且孔隙率最低,为0.57%,验证了计算模拟优化的最佳喷涂距离范围。     

热诱导转移法制备细晶材料过程中的温度分布

摩擦压扭强变形区热诱导转移法是一种制备棒状超细晶材料的新方法.为深入研究晶粒细化过程的热力学参数,采用传热学理论,分别建立了试验过程中母材区、变形区和细晶区沿试样轴向的温度分布数学模型,讨论了加热功率、冷却程度及材料物理参数对温度分布的影响.研究表明:变形区温度随输入功率的增加而增加,而随变形区转移速度和冷却程度的增大而迅速降低;母材区温度梯度远大于细晶区温度梯度;输入功率对变形区及细晶区温度影响较大,散温系数对细晶区温度下降梯度影响大.直径11 mm的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢晶粒细化过程中变形区温度约为944 ℃.     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对钽涂层滑动摩擦性能的影响

目前,用等离子喷涂工艺制备钽涂层及对其摩擦性能的研究报道很少。采用等离子喷涂制备钽涂层,并研究了涂层的滑动摩擦性能,探讨了喷涂功率、喷涂距离和送粉速率对喷涂过程中钽粉温度和速度的影响,采用SEM分析了涂层的典型组织结构,用球盘型摩擦磨损试验机测试了室温、无润滑条件下涂层的滑动摩擦性能。结果表明,喷涂功率、喷涂距离和送粉速率对钽飞行粒子的温度和速度都有较大的影响,等离子喷涂优化参数为喷涂功率36kW、喷涂距离150mm、送粉速率45g/min时,钽涂层的组织致密、耐磨性好,密度和硬度分别为15.2g/cm3,759HV,涂层的抗拉强度超过40MPa;涂层的滑动摩擦失效行为主要表现为疲劳剥落,在试验范围内,各种喷涂工艺参数获得的涂层滑动摩擦系数相近。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。