电刷镀强化活塞环的耐磨性能研究

活塞环与缸套这对摩擦副的工况严酷，易磨损，消耗了内燃机20％-30％的摩擦功，所以活塞环性能的好坏直接影响到内燃机使用的可靠性和经济性。而它的设计基本上定型，润滑状况又无法改善，所以目前提高摩擦磨损性能的唯一途径是表面改性。刷镀Ni-P复合耐磨层可以使活塞环表面获得耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐热和抗氧化等具有综合优良性能的保护层。     

铸铁活塞环HEEF25高效电镀硬铬

一概述活塞环是发动机中工况最苛刻的滑动面之一,要求耐高温、耐磨损、耐腐蚀。为了适应活塞环上述性能要求,延长使用寿命,一般对活塞环工作面施以表面处理。活塞环表面处理的种类很多。如工作面镀铬、喷钼、喷涂二硫化钼、陶瓷、镶嵌四氧化三铁等。用得最广泛的是电镀铬。     

人造石墨粉制备锂离子电池负极材料的工艺技术研究

为了比较全面地了解以各种人造石墨制品的加工切屑碎为原料制备的锂离子电池负极材料的性能特征,探讨改进其电化学性能的技术方法。本文取5种人造石墨粉制备负极材料,并测试分析其电化学性能。分析认为石墨制品切屑碎均有电化学活性,但因其自身石墨化度、杂质含量以及制粉过程中高强机械研磨导致表面结构缺陷,影响电化学性能。试验结果表明,对接头电极经过清铣表面附着的杂质后的切屑碎整形、球化以及适当的表面改性处理,能够得到与针状焦负极材料性能相近的中高端锂离子电池用负极材料。     

含氟超疏水表面制备研究进展

超疏水表面在防水、防污、抗冰方面的突出性能使得其在生产和生活中诸多方面有着良好的应用前景。利用现有材料中表面能最低的的含氟材料,配合溶胶凝胶法、粒子填充法、模板法、气相沉积法、相分离法、等离子体处理法、刻蚀法等技术所构造的微观结构,即可使表面获得超疏水性能。对含氟超疏水表面制备技术取得的新进展进行简要的介绍,并对其前景进行了展望。     

金属陶瓷复合涂层的材料体系

金属陶瓷复合涂层技术作为重要的材料表面处理技术和材料复合技术能够制备各种特殊功能的涂层材料。本文综合评述金属陶瓷复合涂层的材料体系中各种原料粉末的生产，使用情况，并对各种材料体系的金属陶瓷复合涂层的性能特点，应用范围和发展趋势进行了总结分析。     

纳米三氧化二锑在阻燃聚丙烯中的应用

研究了纳米三氧化二锑的表面处理技术、母粒制备技术对阻燃聚丙烯的力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,加入钛酸酯偶联剂处理的纳米三氧化二锑母粒可以大大提高复合材料的综合物理力学性能和阻燃性能,而且可以降低材料成本。     

镀银碳纤维的制备及应用研究进展

碳纤维是一种优良的功能材料和结构材料,集多种优良性能于一身。由于碳纤维表面光滑且在制备过程中形成一层有机层,对其表面镀覆金属前需先进行表面处理,以增加粗糙度和表面积,提高镀层质量。本文从碳纤维的表面处理、镀银碳纤维的制备和在水泥等复合材料中的应用三个方面阐述镀银碳纤维的国内外研究进展。     

表面分子印迹材料制备研究进展

表面分子印迹技术是通过把分子识别位点建立在印迹材料的表面,来提高识别位点与印迹分子的结合速度,进一步加强印迹材料吸附分离效率。从无机硅胶材料和聚合物材料两方面综述了表面分子印迹材料制备技术发展现状,着重评述了表面分子印迹聚合物微球的制备方法及相应产品的性能,并指出表面分子印迹技术存在的不足。     

溶胶——凝胶工艺在涂料工业中的应用

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备的涂料,其涂膜致密牢固,与金属、塑料、玻璃、木材等有很强的粘结强度,涂膜各项性能优异,此法已在材料保护、表面处理技术方面得到应用。较系统地介绍了在涂料工业中采用溶胶－凝胶工艺的原理、涂料的制备及应用前景。     

等离子体化学气相沉积复合陶瓷涂层摩擦磨损性能研究

采用等离子体化学气相沉积技术对活塞环表面进行复合陶瓷强化处理,研究陶瓷涂层的摩擦磨损特性。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、俄歇电子能谱（AES）分析活塞环表面涂层的磨痕形貌及元素分布,结果表明活塞环表面等离子体化学气相沉积复合陶瓷涂层具有显著的减摩抗磨能力。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。