气体传感器的研究及发展方向

介绍了气体传感器的特性;根据气体传感器使用的气敏材料以及气敏材料与气体相互作用的效应不同,对气体传感器进行了分类;介绍了目前气敏元件的加工技术;论述了气体传感器的发展方向。     

碳纳米管及其掺杂氧化物半导体气敏传感器

碳纳米管气敏传感器以其工作温度低和最低检出限较低等优点而备受关注,而碳纳米管掺杂氧化物半导体气敏传感器兼备了氧化物半导体气敏传感器和碳纳米管气敏传感器二者的优点,具有灵敏度较高、最低检出限低和工作温度低等特性。综述了这两类传感器的研究进展,介绍了其气敏机理,并对相应存在的问题及今后的发展趋势进行了概述。     

气敏传感器的近期进展

综合介绍了气敏传感器材料及元件的最新进展,侧重于气敏材料研究工作的概述,并分析了气敏传感器的发展趋势     

气敏材料及其传感器选择性研究进展

选择性是评价气敏传感器使用价值的重要性能指标.综述了近年来国内外气敏材料及其传感器选择性方面的研究进展,从气敏机理详细分析了影响传感器选择性的因素,重点介绍了提高气敏选择性的新技术、新方法,如掺杂、气体过滤膜、纳米技术、制备复合型气敏元件等,详细探讨了其工作机理,并简要介绍了气敏选择性未来的研究趋势.     

气敏传感器的近期展望

综合介绍了气敏传感器材料及元件的最新进展,侧重于气敏材料研究工作的概述,并分析了气敏传感器的发展趋势。     

水热处理对SnO2厚膜气敏传感器性能的影响

研完了水热处理对于SnO2厚膜气敏传感器性能的影响。为了便于作对比,首先把SnO2纳米粉（平均粒径约200nm）平均分为两份：一份不经处理,直接用传统的厚膜传感器制备工艺制成气敏传感器（称为“原粉传感器”）;另一份经过200℃水热处理后,用同样的工艺制备成厚膜气敏传感器（称为“预处理粉传感器”）。利用乙醇、丙酮、CH4、H2和CO气体对这两种气敏传感器的性能进行了测试,结果表明预处理粉传感器的灵敏度和选择性明显优于原粉传感器。为了分析出现这种差异的原因,我们对这两种传感器的显微结构进行了分析,并在此基础上对实验现象进行了讨论。     

掺杂Al2O3纳米粉对ZnO厚膜气敏传感器性能的影响

以ZnO纳米粉(平均粒径30 nm)和Al2O3纳米粉(平均粒径5 nm)为原料,利用传统的厚膜气敏传感器制备工艺制备了纯ZnO厚膜气敏传感器和掺杂Al2O3(掺杂量为2wt%和5wt%)的ZnO厚膜气敏传感器.对这三种厚膜传感器的本征电阻及对乙醇蒸汽的敏感特性进行了测试.结果表明:掺杂少量Al2O3纳米粉可明显降低ZnO气敏传感器的本征电阻,改善传感器的烧结性能,同时还可降低其最佳工作温度,提高器件对乙醇的灵敏度.结合厚膜气敏传感器的显微结构分析结果,对出现上述差异的原因进行了讨论.     

纳米ZnO气敏传感器研究进展

半导体金属氧化物气敏传感器被广泛应用于有毒性气体、可燃性气体等的检测.ZnO是一种重要的半导体气敏材料,特别是纳米ZnO,由于其粒子尺寸小,比表面积大,成为被广泛研究的气敏响应材料之一.简要介绍了纳米ZnO气敏传感器的气敏机理、主要特性,综述了通过新型纳米形貌、结构制备以及元素掺杂改性提升纳米ZnO气敏性能等方面的研究进展,并进一步指出了纳米ZnO气敏传感器研究中存在的问题和未来的研究方向.     

MEMS气敏传感器

随着MEMS技术的飞速发展，各种MEMS器件和系统相继问世，MEMS气敏传感器是其中之一。本文重点介绍了7种MEMS气敏传感器。     

半导体陶瓷型薄膜气敏传感器的研究进展

半导体陶瓷型薄膜气敏传感器,具有灵敏度高、与气体反应快、制备成本较低等优点,已经成为近年传感器研究和开发的重点．是未来气敏传感器的发展方向之一。本文介绍了陶瓷型半导体薄膜气敏传感器常见的器件结构、薄膜材料的主要制备方法．部分主要的半导体金属氧化物薄膜气敏材料．以及近期相关的研究进展,并扼要分析了今后的发展方向。     

Flexible Transparent Electronic Gas Sensors

Flexible and transparent electronic gas sensors capable of real‐time, sensitive, and selective analysis at room‐temperature, have gained immense popularity in recent years for their potential to be integrated into various smart wearable electronics and display devices. Here, recent advances in flexible transparent sensors constructed from semiconducting oxides, carbon materials, conducting polymers, and their nanocomposites are presented. The sensing material selection, sensor device construction, and sensing mechanism of flexible transparent sensors are discussed in detail. The critical challenges and future development associated with flexible and transparent electronic gas sensors are presented. Smart wearable gas sensors are believed to have great potential in environmental monitoring and noninvasive health monitoring based on disease biomarkers in exhaled gas.     

氧化石墨烯在气体传感器中的应用研究进展

氧化石墨烯因表面含有丰富的含氧官能团而具有十分优异的气敏性能,可应用于低浓度(ppb级)环境下气体的检测。综述了现阶段氧化石墨烯在气体传感器中的研究进展,分析了氧化石墨烯对湿度、NO_2、H_2、CH_4的敏感性能,重点探究了氧化石墨烯表面含氧官能团的类型对其选择性的影响规律,并总结了目前研究中存在的问题,为后续开展氧化石墨烯气体传感器的研究与应用提供借鉴。     

Response of electrochemical oxygen sensors to inert gas-air and carbon dioxide-air mixtures: measurements and mathematical modelling

Electrochemical oxygen gas sensors are widely used for monitoring the state of inertisation of flammable atmospheres and to warn of asphyxiation risks. It is well established but not widely known by users of such oxygen sensors that the response of the sensor is affected by the nature of the diluent gas responsible for the decrease in ambient oxygen concentration. The present work investigates the response of electrochemical sensors, with either acid or alkaline electrolytes, to gas mixtures comprising air with enhanced levels of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon or helium. The measurements indicate that both types of sensors over-read the oxygen concentrations when atmospheres contain high levels of helium. Sensors with alkaline electrolytes are also shown to underestimate the severity of the hazard in atmospheres containing high levels of carbon dioxide. This deviation is greater for alkaline electrolyte sensors compared to acid electrolyte sensors. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed to predict the response of an alkaline electrolyte, electrochemical gas sensor. Differences between predicted and measured sensor responses are less than 10% in relative terms for nearly all of the gas mixtures tested, and in many cases less than 5%. Extending the model to simulate responses of sensors with acid electrolytes would be straightforward.     

TiO2基有机气体敏感元件的制备及性能研究

将多种金属氧化物掺入TiO2中,通过传统的陶瓷气敏传感器制备技术,制作了旁热式烧结型传感器,研究了这些传感器对有机挥发性气体(VOCs)的敏感特性。在不同浓度的甲醛、苯、丙酮和乙醇气氛中,测试了传感器的气敏特性。测试结果表明,添加In2O3、Cr2O3或SnO2能提高传感器对苯的灵敏度,添加In2O3或Cr2O3能提高传感器对丙酮的灵敏度,添加Cr2O3或SnO2的元件对甲醛气体较灵敏。此外,本文还研究了传感器陶瓷的烧结温度对传感器气敏特性的影响。     

聚吡咯在气体传感器中的应用

利用聚吡咯(PPy)导电聚合物构建的气体传感器可检测常见的无机气体和可挥发性有机物(VOCs).综述了PPy基气体传感器的制备、气敏机制及其在气体检测方面的应用.影响其气敏性能的重要因素包括掺杂(特别是质子酸掺杂)、复合或填充处理、制备工艺、被检测气体或蒸气的性质及外界条件等.     

Semiconductor metal oxide compounds based gas sensors: A literature review

This paper gives a statistical view about important contributions and advances on semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) compounds based gas sensors developed to detect the air pollutants such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, acetone, ethanol, other volatile compounds and hazardous gases. Moreover, it is revealed that the alloy/composite made up of SMO gas sensors show better gas response than their counterpart single component gas sensors, i.e., they are found to enhance the 4S characteristics namely speed, sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Improvement of such types of sensors used for detection of various air pollutants, which are reported in last two decades, is highlighted herein.     

A novel method for reducing the dimensionality in a sensor array

Specific types of gas sensors are normally produced by adding different dopants to a common substrate. The advancement of technology has made the fabrication of many dopants and consequently various sensors possible. As a result, in each family of gas sensors, one can find tens of different sensors which are only slightly different in the spectrum of response to various volatile compounds. The wide variety of available gas sensors creates a selection problem for any specific application. Sensor selection/reduction becomes even more important when cost and technology limitations are issues of concern. Accordingly, a methodology by which one can tailor a sensor array to a specific need is highly desirable. In this paper, a novel method is introduced to address this task using data from an electronic nose that uses polymer gas sensors. This method has been delineated based on the geometry of eigenvectors in Karhunen-Loeve expansion. The methodology is general and therefore suitable for many other feature selection problems