新型2-烷氧基-3-芳基-5-苯基亚甲基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物的合成与杀菌活性研究(Ⅱ)

研究了应用烯基膦亚胺与芳基异氰酸酯、醇的串联aza-Wittig反应合成2-烷氧基-3芳基-5-苯基亚甲基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物的新方法。探讨了反应进行的条件和产物的波谱性质,提出了可能的环化反应机理。生成的环化产物结构经元素分析、IR、1HNMR和MS确证。对这些新型杂环化合物的杀菌活性测试结果表明,部分化合物表现出较好的抑菌活性。     

2-硫代-3-芳基-5-苯基亚甲基-4-咪唑啉二酮衍生物的有效合成新方法

研究了应用烯基膦亚胺与二硫化碳、芳伯胺的串联aza-Wittig反应,来合成2-硫代-3-芳基-5-苯基亚甲基-4-咪唑啉二酮衍生物的有效新方法。提出了可能的环化反应机理,探讨了所合成化合物的成环反应条件和波谱性质。生成的环化产物均为新的化合物,其结构经元素分析、IR、^1HNMR和MS确证。     

新型2-烷氧基-3-芳-5-苯基亚甲-4H-咪唑-4-酮衍生物的合成与杀菌活性研究(Ⅱ)

研究了应用烯基膦亚胺与芳基异氰酸酯、醇的串联aza-Wittig反应合成2-烷氧基-3芳基-5-苯基亚甲基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物的新方法.探讨了反应进行的条件和产物的波谱性质,提出了可能的环化反应机理.生成的环化产物结构经元素分析、IR、1HNMR和MS确证.对这些新型杂环化合物的杀菌活性测试结果表明,部分化合物表现出较好的抑菌活性.     

5-溴-1-甲基吲哚-2,3-二酮的合成

N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲硫基乙酰胺与高碘酸钠反应得到N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲亚磺酰基乙酰胺,收率93%,再在对甲苯磺酸作用下发生分子内的Pummerer反应,得到5-溴-1-甲基-3-甲硫基-吲哚-2-酮,收率78%,进一步与二乙酰氧基碘苯反应,得到标题化合物,收率63%,通过IR1、3CNMR1、HNMR等波谱方法证明了产物的结构。     

4-(5-甲基苯并恶唑基)-4'-苯并恶唑基二苯乙烯的合成

以对氰基苄基氯、邻氨基对甲苯酚和对醛基苯基苯并恶唑为原料,经加成环化、酯化、缩合三步反应合成了荧光增白剂4-(5-甲基苯并恶唑基)-4'-苯并恶唑基二苯乙烯,三步反应的收率分别可达85%、92%和91%以上。双苯并恶唑二苯乙烯产品纯度>99%,并用元素分析、红外光谱以及紫外吸收光谱对所得的化合物进行了表征。     

新型杀螨剂腈吡螨酯合成工艺研究

腈吡螨酯是新型吡唑类杀螨剂,其合成过程中需要用钯催化,且反应在高压下进行,收率较低,为此研究了操作相对简单、收率较高的合成工艺。以2-溴乙酸乙酯为原料,在缚酸剂三乙胺的作用下与甲基肼反应得到2-(1-甲基肼基)乙酸乙酯,然后与丁二酮缩合、环化,得到1,3,4-三甲基-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯;在甲醇钠的作用下,1,3,4-三甲基-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯与4-叔丁基苯乙腈反应得到2-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-羟基-3-(1,3,4-三甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)丙烯腈,再与2,2-二甲基丙酰氯反应得到目的产物腈吡螨酯,总收率大于43.3%,适合工业化生产。     

4-氯-2-氰基-5-(4-甲基苯基)咪唑的合成研究

以对甲基苯乙酮为起始原料,经二氧化硒氧化制得4-甲基苯基乙二醛,在水与甲醇的混合溶剂中,与盐酸羟胺、乙二醛水溶液环化反应得4-羟基-5-(4-甲基苯基)-2-肟基次甲基咪唑-3-氧,再以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,与二氯亚砜反应脱水氯化得标题化合物,总收率69.0%。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

由双乙烯酮衍生的1-(2’,5’-二氯-4’-磺酸基苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮的合成及在染料工业中的应用

本文介绍了由双乙烯酮与无水乙醇在浓硫酸催化下酯化再精制制得乙酰乙酸乙酯,再和2,5-二氯-4-磺酸基苯肼磺酸钠盐经硫酸酸化成为硫酸盐进行缩合,制得1-(2’,5’-二氯-4’-磺酸基苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮。它是一个具有活泼亚甲基的化合物,可作为偶合组分和一些芳胺化合物的重氮盐进行偶合反应,形成带有偶氮基(-N=N-)的化合物。本文详细介绍1-(2’,5’-二氯-4’-磺酸基苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮可合成的酸性染料、活性染料及偶氮色淀类有机颜料的主要品种,列出了这些品种的化学结构式、CAS登录号、欧共体登记号、合成反应流程的方框示意图以及用途。     

微波辐射下合成2,6-二甲基-3-芳基-4(1H)-喹啉酮

研究了在微波促进下N-对甲苯基乙酰胺与取代苯乙酸经酰化和环化反应合成2,6-二甲基-3-芳基-4(1H)-喹啉酮化合物的方法,反应时间短,产物收率高,操作简便。在微波辐射下,以BF3·Et2O为催化剂,N-对甲苯基乙酰胺与取代苯乙酸发生酰化,80℃下反应15 min,以85.7%~91.3%的收率得到中间产物N-[4-甲基-2-(2-芳基乙酰基)苯基]乙酰胺;中间产物在叔丁醇钠/叔丁醇存在下进行环化,微波辐射下回流反应20 min,得到目标产物2,6-二甲基-3-芳基-4(1H)-喹啉酮,收率89.2%~94.3%。用IR、1HNMR和元素分析确证了目标产物的结构。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。