高速列车速度跟踪神经网络PID控制器的设计

高速列车速度跟踪控制系统是一个复杂的非线性系统,难以取得高精度的跟踪性能。为了减少速度跟踪误差,设计了高速列车神经网络PID控制器。首先建立了描述列车运行过程的单位移多质点模型,该模型考虑了列车的基本阻力和附加阻力以及车厢之间的相互作用力。然后阐述了BP神经网络PID控制,并设计了列车速度跟踪控制器,根据速度误差用神经网络PID控制决定牵引力和制动力。最后与模糊控制和常规PID控制进行了仿真对比,结果表明,神经网络PID控制具有很小的速度跟踪误差和优越的速度跟踪性能,可以满足列车正点运行的需求。     

高速列车自适应制动控制

针对传统控制方法难以保证高速列车在复杂多变的运行条件下的速度跟踪和安全、平稳停车问题,提出了一种基于间接模型参考自适应的高速列车制动控制策略.通过分析列车制动系统的工作流程,建立了具有未知参数的列车制动系统模型,并采用间接模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)方法设计了高速列车自适应制动控制策略,实现了对给定速度曲线的渐进跟踪.为了验证上述方法的有效性,以CRH380AL型动车组作为研究对象,利用MATLAB软件进行数值仿真.仿真结果表明,即使存在未知系统参数,基于间接模型参考自适应的高速列车制动控制策略仍然可以实现列车在制动过程中对目标速度的渐近跟踪,进而保证列车的安全可靠运行.     

基于最优预见控制的高速列车速度控制器研究

针对高速列车自动驾驶(ATO)速度控制器的设计及性能问题,以列车运行过程中的安全性、舒适性、控制输入为约束条件,提出用最优预见算法设计控制器。该算法以列车动力学为基础,确定列车模型传递函数,进行极点配置之后使控制系统稳定;以列车模型为该算法的控制对象,将列车运行过程中的线路附加阻力和基本阻力作为干扰,实现列车ATO模式下目标速度的自动跟踪控制。选取京津城际北京南站至武清站间线路数据进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明该算法在降低列车运行能耗、提高旅客舒适性与列车运行准点率方面的有效性。     

基于闭塞区间的高速列车运行时间与节能协同优化方法

提出了一种高速列车运行时间与节能协同优化方法.针对由动态调度层、优化控制层、跟踪控制层组成的列车运行控制与动态调度一体化结构,设计了面向动态调度层和优化控制层的列车运行时间调整策略和节能速度位置曲线.基于高速铁路闭塞区间,建立了列车区间模型和列车速度曲线节能优化模型.利用模型预测控制方法对列车区间运行时间进行调整,优化列车总延误时间;根据调整后的区间运行时间设计列车运行优化速度位置曲线,减少列车运行能耗.仿真算例验证了设计的运行时间与节能协同优化策略的有效性.     

高速动车组强耦合模型的分布式滑模控制策略

高速动车组是由多节车辆与钩缓装置链接而成的复杂系统. 将钩缓装置等效成弹簧 ? 阻尼器系统, 分析动车组运行过程中钩缓装置对相邻车辆作用的动力学机理, 明确作用方式, 建立高速动车组的强耦合模型. 根据列车模型动力或制动力输入的分散特征, 设计分布式神经网络滑模控制策略, 对高速动车组进行速度跟踪控制. 为减小速度跟踪过程中未知因素对高速动车组控制精度的影响, 利用列车历史运行数据, 采用历史工况数据中心对当前控制律输出进行补偿以提高控制精度与实用稳定性. 采用高速动车组运行仿真平台的仿真实验结果表明, 该建模方法较以往多质点模型更能体现高速动车组运行特性, 且采用补偿规则的控制策略优于传统控制效果.     

高速列车自动驾驶前馈自适应广义预测控制方法研究

高速列车自动驾驶（ATO）系统本质上是强非线性和不确定性的系统,针对高速列车模型参数非线性和时变性等特点,文章提出了一种前馈自适应广义预测控制（FA-GPC）的方法对ATO系统进行动态优化控制,并设计了一种带约束的多目标预测控制器。首先,基于列车多质点模型,分析附加阻力的改变对列车运行的影响;然后,结合列车运行过程中的速度跟踪精度、停车精度及运行舒适性等关键指标,构建包含控制输入约束的多目标性能指标函数,设计基于多目标函数的前馈广义预测速度跟踪控制算法,解决了由于附加阻力变化导致控制器超调的问题并加快了控制收敛速度。由于列车运行过程中受外界环境、乘客流动等因素影响,阻力变化大,难以建立精确的数学模型,因此采用带约束的变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法来辨识出列车控制系统在不同工况下受控自回归积分滑动平均模型（CARIMA）,进而提高控制系统的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,相比传统的无前馈GPC和PID控制器,前馈广义控制器在不同线路条件下巡航控速速度跟踪精度在±0.5 km/h范围内,具有良好的跟踪性;在强扰动情况下通过引入自适应改进的前馈广义预测控制算法,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

列车安全距离控制形式化建模与验证

随着我国铁路的迅速发展,对列车运行安全性的要求越来越高。采用Event-B形式化建模方法研究了高速列车安全距离控制形式化验证问题,以Event-B形式化仿真工具Rodin为基础,通过结合多智能体理论,引入感知决策法则,实现了无线闭塞中心(RBC)与列车的车地通信,建立了多列车运行的安全距离控制模型。仿真研究了高速列车最小间隔追踪控制运行,对列车安全距离控车行为进行了形式化建模并进行了POs证明义务验证。仿真结果表明,对于CTCS列车控制系统的复杂逻辑关联行为,采用提出的Event-B和多智能体系统(MAS)结合的形式化验证方法,可进行系统规范的模型验证,对于复杂系统的逻辑验证有较强的实际意义。     

列车安全距离控制形式化建模与验证

随着我国铁路的迅速发展,对列车运行安全性的要求越来越高。采用Event-B形式化建模方法研究了高速列车安全距离控制形式化验证问题,以Event-B形式化仿真工具Rodin为基础,通过结合多智能体理论,引入感知决策法则,实现了无线闭塞中心(RBC)与列车的车地通信,建立了多列车运行的安全距离控制模型。仿真研究了高速列车最小间隔追踪控制运行,对列车安全距离控车行为进行了形式化建模并进行了POs证明义务验证。仿真结果表明,对于CTCS列车控制系统的复杂逻辑关联行为,采用提出的Event-B和多智能体系统(MAS)结合的形式化验证方法,可进行系统规范的模型验证,对于复杂系统的逻辑验证有较强的实际意义。     

基于钩缓约束的重载列车驾驶过程优化

重载列车是一种由上百甚至几百节车厢组成的动力集中式大载重系统, 其牵引力/制动力需通过车钩相继传递给车厢, 存在明显的非线性和大滞后性. 现有的人工驾驶模式, 司机难以考虑车厢之间的钩缓约束, 易引起车钩断裂和脱轨; 且运行性能与司机的操纵经验密切相关, 存在耗电大, 无法按照列车运行图正点运行等问题. 本文针对此关键问题, 以实现重载列车安全、正点、节能运行为目标, 开展其驾驶过程运行优化研究. 分析列车钩缓系统受力原理, 基于其特性曲线, 采用翟方法构造重载列车钩缓模型及整车纵向动力学模型; 据此, 考虑钩缓约束运用多目标自适应遗传算法, 结合实际运行线路(限速、坡道、曲线率等)约束条件设定列车理想的运行速度目标曲线; 最后, 采用改进广义预测控制器设计重载列车驾驶过程优化控制方法, 跟踪理想速度目标曲线安全、正点、低能耗运行. 基于大秦线上HXD1型重载列车实际数据的仿真结果表明本文所设计的理想目标速度曲线优化方法可以较好地改善列车运行中的安全, 正点和节能等关键性指标, 运行优化控制能保证列车精确跟踪理想速度目标曲线, 实现其驾驶过程优化运行.     

基于灰色遗传的高速列车速度控制器模型研究

速度控制器是列车自动驾驶系统(ATO)的核心,针对目前尚无研发成熟的速度控制器应用于高速列车的情况,引入灰色系统理论研究高速列车速度控制器模型;在灰色遗传预测模块中,对影响模型精度的λ值提出了基于遗传算法的求解方法,根据列车运行的4个目标设计其适应度函数,并加入先验知识判定对约束条件进行处理,同时建立新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,在列车运行过程中不断求解新的模型参数a和b,实现模型在线校正,使系统可以进行长期预测;在灰色决策模块中,将高速列车的工况及运行目标转化为决策要素,应用灰靶决策产生最优策略控制列车运行;仿真结果显示了该模型应用于列车自动控速时的有效性和实时性,并使各项运行指标都有所提高。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。