核化和晶化温度对温石棉尾矿制备微晶玻璃的影响

以温石棉尾矿、石灰石和石英砂为主要原料,通过不同的热处理过程制备了微晶玻璃。借助DTA、XRD及SEM等分析测试手段,研究了核化和晶化温度对微晶玻璃析晶行为、显微形貌及抗压强度的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,微晶玻璃主晶相的种类没有改变,但主晶相衍射峰的强度呈现先增强后减小的趋势。当核化温度为820℃,晶化温度为1050℃时,微晶玻璃样品形成致密的柱状细晶结构,抗压强度达到最大值523 MPa。     

废玻璃和粉煤灰制备微晶玻璃的快速烧结-晶化行为

以废玻璃、粉煤灰为主要原料,利用快速烧结-晶化法制备斜辉石-钙长石微晶玻璃.利用XRD和SEM研究了升温速率对微晶玻璃烧结-晶化行为和显微结构影响.结果表明,与10 ℃/min常规烧结相比,30℃/min以及烧结温度下直接置入烧结的烧结激活能显著降低,微晶玻璃体积密度更大、气孔孔径更小.快速升温时最佳烧结温度明显降低,且钙长石晶相出现择优取向生长,导致微晶玻璃抗弯强度增大,950℃下直接置入烧结的微晶玻璃抗弯强度达到最高值107 MPa.     

中钛型含钛高炉渣与铬铁合金渣制备微晶玻璃

以中钛型含钛高炉渣、铬铁合金渣及废玻璃为原料,采用熔融法制备了CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2（CMAS）系微晶玻璃,并通过差热分析（DTA）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段分析了不同原料配比对微晶玻璃晶相和性能的影响,并确定了最优原料配比。结果表明:以中钛型含钛高炉渣、铬铁合金渣及废玻璃为原料,可以制备出主晶相为透辉石,次晶相为硅灰石的微晶玻璃;随着铬铁合金渣含量的增加,样品的玻璃化转变温度和晶化温度不断降低;当中钛型含钛高炉渣质量分数为25%,铬铁合金渣质量分数为15%,废玻璃质量分数为60%时,制得的微晶玻璃晶化度约54%,体积密度2.83 g/cm3,显微硬度为650.37 HV。     

CaO和SiO_2含量比值对钙长石基微晶玻璃性能的影响

为探索玻璃组成对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃烧结、晶化和性能的影响,采用烧结法制备了不同组成的钙长石基微晶玻璃。通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和性能测试研究玻璃组成和性能之间的关系。结果表明:随CaO和SiO2含量比值增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度逐渐降低,且析晶放热峰变得尖锐。增加CaO和SiO2比降低了玻璃的析晶活化能和烧结温度,但增加了样品的介电常数、介电损耗和热膨胀系数。析晶活化能E和析晶转变速率k都能适于表征CaO/SiO2比对玻璃析晶性能的影响。所制备的微晶玻璃具有低烧结温度(≤1000℃)、适中介电常数(≤7.5)、低介电损耗(≤0.05%)和低热膨胀系数(≤4.3×10-6/℃),有望用于低温共烧陶瓷基板材料。     

热处理对煤矸石铁尾矿微晶玻璃微观结构和力学性能影响

为了综合利用固体废弃物,以煤矸石和铁尾矿为主要原料制备具有优异的力学性能Ca O-Mg O-Al2O3-Si O2系微晶玻璃。利用DSC、XRD和SEM分析测试手段,研究了核化和晶化温度对微晶玻璃微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的煤矸石铁尾矿微晶玻璃的主晶相为普通辉石(Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6);随着核化和晶化温度的升高,微晶玻璃主晶相的衍射峰以先增强后减弱,其弯曲强度变化趋势与主晶相衍射峰变化趋势相同。材料力学性能取决于热处理工艺,经760℃,3 h和980℃,1 h处理后,微晶玻璃具有良好的力学性能,其弯曲强度可稳定在230 MPa以上。     

热处理对油页岩渣微晶玻璃结构的影响

以油页岩渣为主要原料制备了微晶玻璃,采用DTA、XRD、SEM及FT-IR等测试手段,分析了核化温度和晶化温度对微晶玻璃微观结构的影响.结果表明:微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙铁透辉石,次晶相为钙长石;随着热处理温度的升高,晶体的规则程度增加,晶体尺寸和结晶度均呈现先增加后减小,最后回升的趋势;在最佳热处理(850℃×100min 980℃×80min)条件下,微晶玻璃形成纤维状细晶结构,红外吸收带发生最明显的分裂,显微硬度和抗压强度达到最大值.     

核化和晶化时间对页岩飞灰微晶玻璃性能的影响

以页岩飞灰为主要原料,通过不同热处理过程制备了微晶玻璃.利用XRD和SEM测试手段,分析了核化时间和晶化时间对微晶玻璃晶相特征的影响.结果表明,晶化时间的增加使微晶玻璃主晶相钙长石含量降低,次晶相钙硅石含量逐渐增加;核化时间的增加有利于球状晶粒尺寸增大,晶化时间的延长使晶粒聚集成团,排列紧密.微晶玻璃具有较高的抗压强度和良好的耐腐蚀性,可作为天然石料的替代品和装饰材料.     

CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO-SiO_2矿渣微晶玻璃陶瓷的制备及抗NaOH侵蚀性能

以包钢尾矿为主要原料,采用熔融法制备了Ca O-A1_2O_3-MgO-SiO_2系矿渣微晶玻璃陶瓷,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微晶玻璃陶瓷的物相组成及显微结构进行了表征,并研究了该微晶玻璃陶瓷的常温力学性能和抗Na OH化学侵蚀的动力学过程。结果表明:所制备微晶玻璃陶瓷的主晶相为透辉石,次晶相为石英,平均粒径约为142 nm;其显气孔率为0.05%,体积密度为3.0 g/cm3,常温抗折强度为71 MPa。Na OH侵蚀动力学研究表明:该微晶玻璃陶瓷的失重率随着侵蚀温度的升高而增大。采用阿伦尼乌斯方程和艾琳方程计算了Na OH侵蚀反应的活化能、反应焓及反应熵,其数值分别为40.8、37.9及–134.7 J/mol。     

Na2O含量对BaO-SrO-Nb2O5-B2O3-SiO2系玻璃陶瓷微结构和性能的影响

采用熔融法制备NaO-BaO-SrO-Nb2Os-B2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷.借助DSC、XRD、SEM和电学性能测试研究不同含量的Na2O对其相组成、显微结构、介电性能、体积电阻率及击穿强度的影响.结果表明随着Na2O含量(摩尔分数)的增加,玻璃转变温度(Tg)和第一析晶放热峰(Tg1)温度逐渐降低,而第二析晶放热峰温度(Tg2)呈先降低后升高再降低的变化.经(800℃,3h)+(900℃,3h)热处理后,未添加Na2O的样品析出单相四方钨青铜结构的Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6,而添加5%Na2O(摩尔分数)的样品变为单相Ba0.25Sr0.75Nb2O6.当Na2O为10%时,样品的主晶相仍为Ba0.25Sr0.75Nb2O6,但析出NaSr1.2Ba0.8Nb5O15和Na2Ba2Si2O7相;继续增加Na2O量到15%时,样品的晶相种类不变而衍射峰强度有所增强.样品的介电常数随Na2O含量的增加呈“N”字形变化,样品的体积电阻率和击穿强度随Na2O含量的增加而降低,未添加Na2O试样的击穿强度最大为1500kWcm,其储能密度达3J/cm3.     

以高炉渣与废玻璃制备烧结微晶玻璃

文章研究了以高炉渣和废玻璃作为主要原料用烧结法制备微晶玻璃的可行性,通过等温热处理实验、差热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析等确定了最优原料配比及热处理制度。实验证明:通过配加少量SiO2、Al2O3、ZnO和BaCO3等纯试剂,5组实验配方的基础玻璃在8201000℃烧结时均可发生晶化,并在最优原料配比——废玻璃与高炉渣质量比为5︰3时,可获得表面光滑、内部晶化良好的微晶玻璃。对应的最优热处理制度为以10℃/min升温至880℃烧结保温1 h后随炉冷却,可实现低温烧结,节约能耗。热处理后获得的微晶玻璃性能良好,其晶化度约为49%,体积密度为2.828 g/cm3,显微硬度高达HV 650.58。     

氧化铝包覆SrTiO3纳米纤维/聚偏氟乙烯复合材料的制备与介电储能性能

目的 通过开发出工作场强更高、储能效率更高的电介质储能材料,从而提高电力设备的性能、减小电力设备体积。方法 采用静电纺丝工艺结合溶胶凝胶工艺制备具有一维核壳结构的SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维填料,并结合流延成型工艺制备出聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)电介质复合材料。系统地研究了SrTiO3纳米纤维填料表面包覆Al2O3对PVDF电介质复合材料界面极化、介电性能、储能性能的影响。结果 制备的一维纳米填料具有良好的核壳结构,其中芯层为SrTiO3,壳层为Al2O3, Al2O3包覆厚度为6 nm。低填充量下,一维核壳结构SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维填料均匀地分散在PVDF基体中。在相同的体积分数填料填充下,SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维/PVDF复合材料表现出更低的介电损耗和漏电流、更强的耐击穿场强、以及更高的储能密度和放电效率。SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维/PVDF电介质复合材料的最大储能密度达到8.9 J/cm³。结论 Al2O3包覆层可以阻止SrTiO3纳米纤维填料在复合材料中的接触,减小Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars界面极化,降低漏电流,进而提高复合材料薄膜的击穿强度和储能性能。     

Zr掺杂改性(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.91Pr0.02Ba0.07TiO3无铅铁电陶瓷的储能行为研究

通过固相烧结法微量掺杂Zr到(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.91Pr0.02Ba0.07TiO3无铅铁电陶瓷,对其相结构、微观形貌、储能行为及介电行为进行了研究。所有的样品都形成了单一的钙钛矿相,晶粒细小均匀。Zr的掺杂有效地提高了击穿场强,掺杂量为0.03 mol时陶瓷在场强138 kV/cm下最大有效储能密度达到1.38 J/cm3,储能效率达到52.44%,同时显示了稳定的高温铁电特性,并获得了较大的介电常数1150且保持稳定。     

粉末-凝胶法制备铌酸锶钡/钛酸锶钡陶瓷及其表征(英文)

钛酸锶钡(SrxBa1-xTiO3, BST)和铌酸锶钡(SrxBa1-xNb2O6, 0.25≤x≤0.75, SBN)是重要的铁电材料,具有优良的热电、介电和红外快速响应性能。使用廉价的 Nb2O5粉末,应用粉末-溶胶工艺合成铌酸锶钡/钛酸锶钡复相陶瓷(SBN/SBT)。XRD 结果表明:钨青铜相和钙钛矿相共存于体系之中。复相陶瓷形成过程中形成了 TiO2、BaNb2O6(BN)、SrNb2O6(SN)等中间相。干凝胶在800°C下预烧3h,X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,随着体系组分的变化,Ti元素只存在+4价的化合态,而Nb元素的价态和体系的组分有关。     

Crystallization and dielectric properties of lead-free glass-ceramic composites with Gd2O3 addition

Lead-free glass-ceramic composites in barium sodium niobate silica system with Gd2O3 addition were synthesized through melt-casting fol-lowed by controlled crystallization technique. Crystallization and dielectric properties of the Gd2O3 adding glass-ceramic composites were investigated. With the increase in the concentration of Gd2O3, the glass transition temperature and the crystallization temperature of the pre-cursor glass shift towards the higher temperature. The crystallization behavior that occurred during the heat treatment procedure leads to the enhancement of dielectric constant. All the three compositions of glass-ceramic composites exhibit ferroelectricity when tested at room tem-perature. Both the values of the remanent polarization and coercive field are enhanced regularly with the gradual increase in the concentration of Gd2O3 additive under the same testing field.     

Effects of rare earth addition on sintering process and dielectric property of cordierite based glass-ceramics

The effects of rare earth oxide on the sintering and dielectric property of cordierite-based glass-ceramics with non-stoichiometric composition prepared by quenching of molten droplets were investigated. The results show that the addition of rare earth oxide can lower the sintering temperature of cordierite glass-ceramics, improve the densification process and obviously reduce sintering activation energy. It is found that the densification of cordieritebased glass-ceramics is a liquid phase sintering process. The dielectric constant of the sintered compacts enhances with the increase of the density. When the sintering temperature is identical, the rare earth addition is found to have a noticeable effect on the dielectric loss of glass-ceramics. The properties of the glass-ceramics containing rare earth oxide appear to be correct for low firing temperature substrates.     

La2O3与Sb2O3掺杂钛酸锶钡陶瓷的介电性能及相变（英文）

采用固相法制备La2O3与Sb2O3掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷,研究其介电性能及相变特性。通过X射线衍射法分析体系微观结构并利用扫描电镜观察其表面微观形貌。(La,Sb)共掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷具有典型的钙钛矿结构,且随着Sb2O3掺杂量的增多其平均粒径显著减小。La3+离子以及Sb3+离子均占据钙钛矿晶格的A位。La2O3与Sb2O3添加量的改变显著影响钛酸锶钡基陶瓷的介电常数以及介电损耗。La2O3改性的钛酸锶钡陶瓷其四方?立方相变为二级相变,且居里温度随着La2O3掺杂量的增多向低温方向移动。(La,Sb)共掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷则体现为弥散相变,随着Sb2O3含量的增大而偏离居里-外斯定律越显著。由于Sb3+离子对晶格原位离子的取代使得(La,Sb)共掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷的介电常数最大值下的温度亦随着Sb2O3含量的增大而降低。     

Induced crystallization and physical properties of Li2O–CaF2–P2O5:TiO2 glass system: Part II. Electrical, magnetic and optical properties

The results of various physical properties namely, dielectric properties (dielectric constant, loss tan δ, ac conductivity σ, over a wide range of frequency and temperature and dielectric breakdown strength in air medium at room temperature), optical absorption, electron spin resonance (ESR) at liquid nitrogen temperature and magnetic susceptibility at room temperature of Li₂O–CaF₂–P₂O₅:TiO₂ glass-ceramics have been reported. The optical absorption and magnetic susceptibility studies indicated that the titanium ions exist in Ti³⁺ state in addition to Ti⁴⁺ state in these samples. However, the reduction seems to be the lowest in the sample containing 0.6 mol% of TiO_2. The dielectric constant and loss variation with the concentration of TiO₂ have been explained on the basis of space charge polarization mechanism. The dielectric relaxation effects exhibited by these samples have been analyzed by a pseudo Cole–Cole plot method and the spreading of dielectric relaxation has been observed. The ac conductivity in the high temperature region seems to be related both with electronic and ionic movements. The low temperature (or the nearly temperature independent) part of conductivity could be explained on the basis of quantum mechanical tunneling model. The studies on dielectric breakdown strength indicated the highest insulating strength for the sample containing 0.6 mol% of TiO₂.     

Dependence of dielectric properties on BT particle size in EP/BT composites

The polymer-ceramic composites of epoxy resin (EP) and barium titanate (BT) were prepared.BT powders of different BT particle sizes from 100 nm to 1 μm were used in the preparation.The dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and electrical breakdown strength, of the EP/BT composites were studied.The morphology of the composites was characterized by the means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results show that the dielectric constant of the composites is much higher than the epoxy matrix at frequency range from 1 kHz to 10 MHz, and it is also obviously dependent on the size of BT particles.The electrical breakdown strength of the composites decreases with the increase of the BT content.The dependence of electrical breakdown strength on BT particle sizes was also discussed.