The Industrial Heritage and the New Architecture： Teaching, Researching, Designing the Place Identity

The new architecture may provide unusual opportunities for the abandoned areas involved by former industrial processes, both in the city centers and in the landscape. In fact, it may create new centralities and give new collective function for deprived areas. The case study of the architectural and educational project for a new museum park devoted to the technique and the science in the Apennine＇ s landscape near Parma （Italy） may give an interesting point of view about the role of the teaching and the research of the architecture in the former industrial heritage, and to avoid the abandonment and the pauperization of the territory around.     

The Research Development of Landscape Architecture in Main Colleges in China Based on Theses Statistics——A Review of Master Degree Theses on Landscape Architecture in China in Recent 10 Years and Prospect

1 Introduction In late 1990s,with the all-round development of society and economy,a rush of landscape construction took place in China and thousands of professionals entered into the field of landscape planning and design.Landscape design has become the hottest profession in China since 2004.In order to meet the social demands,many colleges and universities started to establish the landscape architecture major one after another,and several hundreds of degree theses especially     

让世界人民共赏中国园林艺术

The art of the Chinese landscape is a precious work in our national culture and arts treasure-house.It is also a bunch of fragrant flowers in the culture and arts flower garden of human beings.Throughthe long development process on this broad land of China the Chinese landscape has formed its ownunique artistic feature,became an independent landscape system in the world,which has aroused agreat attention by the international landscape field.Numerous foreign friends who have been to Chinaand experienced the enjoyment in the beauty of the Chinese landscape art bestowed their high praise onit For hundreds of years our landscape activities were self-developed in a relatively closed state,had rare interflow with outside world.Till 1980's the brilliant sunshine of the reform and open-door     

Liu Fang Yuan at The Huntington——An Overview

Liu Fang Yuan is a classical Chinese Garden, the Garden of Flowing Fragrance, a most remarkable project in Huntington. This project was conceived by James Folsom. It is an international business venture, complex construction project, unique China-US collaboration, and center of cultural memory. Inspired by the centuries-old Chinese tradition of private gardens, Liu Fang Yuan combines the scenic beauty of nature with the expressiveness of literature to give deeper meaning to the landscape. True to the authentic nature of a Chinese garden, the design respects the site. It extends to adapting some of the traditional elements of Chinese garden design to meet local needs for seismic safety and wheelchair accessibility. Liu Fang Yuan is the only truly seasonal garden at the Huntington, emphasizing and symbolizing the progression of winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The visitor experiences more than the visual realm. The garden's name, Liu Fang Yuan, has bolh literal and symbolic meanings refer to the scent of flowers and trees, also echoes the name of famed Ming dynasty painter Li Liufang. Liu Fang Yuan is truly a microcosm of The Huntington, bringing together botany, art and literature in a garden that will serve as a place of cultural memory and center for education about one of the great humanities traditions of the world.     

PREFACE

In every country, modern landscape architecture is developing in the process of globalization. However, the culture standardization brought by industrial civilization did not result in unitary development of the modern landscape worldwide. After all, the natural condition, climate, custom, cultural tradition and regional landscape in every country are not the same. Landscape design is produced by human being, there is almost no design which involves not any human interference or totally follow…     

一套顺应地形的设计框架——山之厕所

As landscape architects, sometimes we are committed with architecture designs within landscape projects. Our proposal always tries to merge architecture with landscape. Views, planting, experience and topography related to the sites are always our starting point of design. The Restroom in the Mountains is a meaningful practice, where a systematic design method is generated based on the site condition. This method coordinates site selection, communication with client, design process as well as construction seamlessly.     

A Summary of the Academic Symposium on the Treatment and Management of City Wastes

With the continuous worsening of theproblems of urban wastes about 60 urbanscientific workers gathered in Guiyang to dis-cuss the present state of the treatment andmanagement of urban wastes and find rela-tive solutions to the problems.The“Guiyang Symposium on the Treat-ment and Management of City Wastes”jointly sponsored by the Chinese Urban Sci-entific Research Institute,the Urban Con-struction Department of the Ministry of Ur-     

The Idea of ＂Architecture Stage＂： A Non-material Architecture Theory

The purpose of this study is to find ＂the new theory＂ in the process of having quality ＂form＂ in architecture field which is usually visualized by the ruler through his ideology of his architectural work which is created by his architects. The study is about an urban design in architectural field related with space-power-knowledge. To reveal the meaning of the architecture objects is need to analyze the architectural object ＂form＂ as the culture-material, and to reveal the meaning of the objects through the hidden things related to the presence of the metaphysical data. To find ＂the new theory＂ used ＂grounded theory research＂, the method is part of qualitative research which refers to Glaser and Strauss. The achievement study is finding the idea of＂architecture stage＂ of the ruler, represented by Soekamo as the first Indonesian President. Through visual observation and spatial experiences in his several architectural works concerning the ＂Project＇s Lighthouse＂ as his architectural work in Jakarta in the 1960s the idea of connectedness was found. He composes his architecture＇s work by inserted the ＂architecture drama analogy＂ as metaphor for representing himself and his ideologist by exploring the Javanese Ancient＇s as the basic design in the modem architecture at that time the east meet west.     

Images of the Future from the Past： The Metabolists and the Utopian Planning of the 1960s

During the 1960s, many changes reshaped the economy, the society and the arts. The Cold War, the Space Race, the construction of a new middle class in most western societies led by the postwar economic prosperity with unprecedented urban growth followed by severe environmental problems fostered the design of spectacular urban utopian cities and mega-architectures. In those years, Japan was the source of highly influential bold and visionary urban and architectural ideas which relied on advanced technology. These ideas were conceived on the thought that cities could be seen as gigantic but impermanent entities able to transform itself according to an organic process of adaptation of its elementary components. This paper briefly revisits and critically discusses the legacy of the iconic mega-strnctural projects of Japanese Metabolist Movement and other visionary architects and planners of the 1960s, such as Paolo Soleri, Buckminster Fuller, Archigram. It attempts to enlighten the continuity with contemporary innovative and experimental urban models and ideas for the society and the city of the future, such as the Smart Cities, Eco-Cities, Green Urbanism, whose design is led by concerns related to climate change, the necessity of energy efficiency, the improvement of urban landscape and the valorization of depleted natural resources.     

DIPLOMA UNIT 06

Chinese Take-away Architecture An architecture to promote conscious consumption. Whilst sociologists maintain that society is becoming increasingly fragmented in terms of a clear definition of community groups; global companies, through the promotion of products as brands, have developed a new analysis of community formed by patterns of consumption.     

Constructing a New Polish Architecture： Critical Regionalism and Resistance to Globalization after 1989

This paper explores the critical regionalism which could play a role in the continued development of global era Polish architecture, and the advancements achieved by those few contemporary Polish architects who have sought to combine modern tastes and techniques with culturally meaningful designs. The new culture of Poland is very much reflected in the design of many of its new buildings that have been completed since the political and economic changes in 1989. The architecture of Poland appears to have lurched from an inappropriate socialist modernism that was so horridly imposed during the communist era to an equally inappropriate post modernist hegemony in the new enterprise culture. In accordance with Poland, now is rejection of the centrally imposed system of building and architecture, and with the greater emphasis on individual initiative in the new culture, it seems a pity that the country should automatically adopt western modes of architectural expression. This paper suggests that with its newly founded freedom, Poland should be careful that it does not suffer a loss of identity and that, in its architecture, it should seek a way forward through a critical regionalism.     

On Composition Devices in Modernist Architecture： The Case of De Vore House and House II

This paper examines general composition problems in modernist architecture by means of a close analysis of the formal principles and devices at work in two exemplary mid twentieth century projects, De Vore House by Louis Kahn （1901-1974） and House II by Peter Eisenman （1932）. The goal of the paper is to inaugurate a larger research project into the design processes and spatial-formal effect at work in modernist architecture. The methodology is primarily visual, and postulates a range of form relationships for the creation and interpretation of works of architecture. Following an introduction to the research problem, an analysis of the case study projects is undertaken according to three themes： plan disposition, ambiguity in wall and column relations, and volume as impacting on movement. A concluding section summarizes the findings and suggests future lines of research. The paper＇s significance lays in its contributions to discussions around architectural practice at a specific moment in modernist architecture＇s mid twentieth century trajectory, to our understanding of a number of formal strategies and their resulting architectural effects, and to scholarship on the practice and theories of Kahn and Eisenman.     

The Evolution of Landscape and Greenway Planning in the USA at the University of Massachusetts——Amherst （1970 to date）

1 IntroductionFor Landscape PlanningThis paper describes the planning aspect of landscape architecture, inthe U nited S tates, as it has been practiced during the 20th century.W hen in contrast w ith "design", "planning" gives answ ers and solutionsto the three basic questions, nam ely: "W H A T" is an appropriate use ofa parcel of land; "W H Y" is a plan or solution m ore appropriate; andthirdly, it show s the place (s) of this location, that is, "W H ER E " thevarious land use decision…     

Rural China’s Landscape and Sustainable Urbanization: An International Perspective

China’s leaders have set an urbanization target of 70% (approximately 900 million people) by 2025 andhas emphasized that future urbanization will be characterized by growth in rural towns and small cities (ChengZhenHua, 城镇化) not by expansion of megacities (DuShiHua, 都市化) As a consequence of China’s urban-focused economy, the role of agriculture has declined. Rural villages have been wiped out, and with them, thousands of years land cultivation and stewardship. Onrushing urbanization is reshaping rural China – its landscape, cultural heritage, and social structures. This paper examines these changes through the outcomes of a workshop about “Construction of Small Towns and Villages” organized by the ECNU School of Design in 2014 in China and Europe. At the workshop, proposals for “Preserving Rural Nature and Humanity Features during Urbanization” were discussed and critiqued. The paper concludes by describing how landscape architecture, and in particular Green Infrastructure, can play a key role in addressing the major challenges of Rural Chininse Urbanization.     

Welcoming Music with Mountains and Water Landscape——The Planning and Design of the Core Area of Tieling New Downtown

1 Background of the Project Tieling is emerging as part of the Bohai Sea business circle ring of Northeastern Asia. The city will be become the secondary business center in the Shenyang Economic Zone as well as a city famous for its culture and ecological landscape in     

Urban Utopia and Building Experimentations： The Rural Villages of the Sicilian Latifundium

The colonization of Sicilian latifundium was an attempt of regeneration of the rural areas. It was carried out by Benito Mussolini, called II Duce, who governed Italy by a regime with an absolute and conservative approach for 20 years since 1922. According to this plan, there were some rural villages （with a school, a church, a police station and a doctor＇s surgery） and a number of rural homes, spread in the landscape, that formed one of the most important achievements of the agrarian reform in Italy. The author has been conducting scientific research on this topic for several years. He started with the archive ＂Ente per la Colonizzazione del Latifondo Siciliano＂ （now called Ente Sviluppo Agricolo） to review the original designs and contracts with companies, ledgers and other administrative documents. Lately, he has been reviewing the personal archives of designers involved in the building program, where he has found original drawings, letters, sketches, etc.. He has also conducted some architectonic and technical surveys of the sites. We have to consider that nowadays the mentioned rural villages are a strategic resource for the development of the neighboring areas, as it may become a network for the sustainable tourism and the promotion of the local agro food specialties. On this purpose, the local authority is going to promote some plans for the requalification of these sites. The particular achievement of this article is to show a number of possibilities for the reuse of these places.     

The Search for Authenticity in the Work of Cesar Pelli

The Argentinean-born Cesar Pelli is one of the most important and influential architects practicing in the world today. Since 1965, the date of the earliest project in this publication,he has amassed an impressive list of buildings to his credit, and his architectural production has spanned the difficult cultural transition of our times from modernism to postmodernism. A crucial concern of architecture in both periods, and one often expressed by Pelli himself when discussing his work, is "authenticity." This involves the relationship between a building's image and its reality; or put another way, between what it appears to be, and what it actually is in terms of its physical construction and purpose. In our     

The Study of Rationalization of the Economic Functions in Shanghai——the Study Group of the “Same topic”

From the PersPective of the systemsaPProaeh,the urban eeonomie functions re-fer to the role Played by the eeonomy of theeity in its surrounding areas.Beeause of different geograPhieal loeations,historiealeonditions,the various roles and funetionsof the eities in the national economy,theeeonomie funetions of a eity may be of sin-gle     

Chinese Architectural Firms:Going to the Market to getherwith Their Growth

The architecture firns in China failed to achieve a rapiddevelopment in the period of nearly half a century afterthe establishment of P.R. China was due to the limitationof the original planned economy. From the annual statisticsof 2001, there are a total of 11,338 designing enterprisesin China, including 9,599 state-owned and state shareholdingenterprises, accounting for 84.66%; there are 4,327architecture designing institutes in China, including 3,488 state-owned sole proprietorship enter…     

Creativity in ArchitecturemA Review on Effective Parameters Correlated with Creativity in Architectural Design

Human civilization can be ameliorated by human creativity. Innovation and progress of human civilization result from a change in our thinking patterns, thus, potentially transforming the present into a creative future. Accentuating the role of creativity in design even more than other disciplines pushes one to underpin the understanding of creativity as a key role player in architecture. Furthermore, by identifying the basic principles of our ingenuity/creativity, researchers might be able to enhance this ability in the future. A key point in ＂creativity＂ is the role of previously gained experiences, which cause expanding the inventory of experiences. According to accepted def＇mition in different disciplines, creativity is no more than new combinations of previous ideas. The paper explores different effectual parameters correlated with creativity in architectural design including notion of conceptual blending, improbabilist and impossibilist creativity, tolerance of ambiguity and its correlation with creativity and creativity aided tools and interfaces. At the end, we suggest necessary experiments to obtain empirical results for some speculations that are discussed in the paper. Also, practical approaches will be suggested to apply the results in pedagogy of architecture.