钙化改性研制高硬度氧化蜡

以石蜡和聚乙烯蜡为主要原料，进行催化氧化反应，制得氧化蜡，然后对其进行钙化改性，得到高硬度的改性蜡。在钙化反应温度120℃，反应时间为4h条件下，考察了氢氧化钙用量对改性蜡性能的影响。结果表明，当氢氧钙用量为3．0％时，所得改性蜡的硬度等性质与天然硬蜡（巴西棕榈蜡）的性质接近，酸值为3．20mgKOH／g，皂化值为78．83mgKOH／g，针入度为1．7（0．1mm），滴熔点为86．9℃。     

石化信息

用金属茂催化剂制氧化聚乙烯蜡德国ＢＡＳＦ公司利用重均分子量１０００～４００００的聚烯烃制备高分子量、高酸值和高硬度及熔点的聚烯烃蜡。在１６０℃的条件下，用金属茂催化剂，用空气对聚乙烯进行氧化，制取的聚乙烯蜡熔点为１２１．５℃，硬度（ＤＩＮ５０１３３）...     

利用发汗工艺制取低熔点半精炼石蜡

介绍了应用石蜡发汗工艺以酮苯脱蜡装置副产的蜡膏为原料生产低熔点半精炼石蜡的过程。指出采用二次发汗的生产方案,得到的成品质量指标较为接近要求,熔点降至48.2℃,但含油量高于1.5%（质量分数,以下同）;而采取二次发汗、再结合分段切割措施,生产出的成品熔点为48.2℃、含油量为0.82%,适用于调和美容蜡等特种蜡的低熔点半精炼产品。     

尿素脱蜡制备低熔点相变蜡的工艺研究

通以减一线馏分油（简称减一线油）为原料进行尿素脱蜡工艺研究,得到尿素络合制备低熔点相变蜡的适宜工艺条件为：络合温度为25 ℃、尿素溶液加入量（w）为91%、尿素溶液组成为m（尿素）：m（异丙醇）：m（水）＝45∶35∶20、反应时间为60 min、洗油量（w）为76%。在此条件下得到的粗蜡收率为28.2%,熔点为29.6 ℃,正构烷烃质量分数为94.9%,脱蜡油凝点小于－60 ℃。对该粗蜡进行发汗后处理可以得到相变蜡,其熔点为31 ℃,焓值为201.9 kJ/kg     

聚乙烯蜡制备技术及综合利用方法研究进展

文中综述了聚乙烯蜡的3种主要制备方法及工艺条件,并介绍了各自产品的特点;对改性聚乙烯蜡及超细粉化聚乙烯蜡制备技术进行介绍,表明将聚乙烯蜡功能化能够大大拓宽聚乙烯蜡的应用范围;同时对聚乙烯蜡在色母料、塑料加工、油墨、道路油漆、石蜡改性等领域的应用情况进行介绍,表明聚乙烯蜡作为1种应用前景广阔的有机中间体,可以应用于各下游领域;最后对今后国内聚乙烯蜡的发展方向进行了探讨.     

橡胶防护蜡的研制

介绍了一种由低熔点石蜡和几种添加剂制成的橡胶防护蜡及其合成工艺条件。该蜡具有适宜的烃组成和碳数分布，具有较高的熔点，可在较宽的温度范围内保持良好的防护性能。     

造纸用改性石蜡乳液的研制

为降低石蜡乳液中乳化剂的用量,采用氧化聚乙烯蜡对58~#石蜡进行物理改性,并借助乳化剂A制备了改性石蜡乳液。利用单因素法考察了配方组成、乳化时间、乳化温度和搅拌速率对改性石蜡乳液性能的影响。结果表明:改性石蜡乳液的较佳配方为氧化聚乙烯蜡/58~#石蜡/乳化剂A/水(质量比)=2.4/21.6/6/70,在乳化时间为3 min、乳化温度为80℃、搅拌速率1 100 r/min条件下制得的改性石蜡乳液的颜色、固含量、pH值、粒度和稳定性均满足造纸用石蜡乳液的基本要求。     

一种新型包装专用蜡的研究

为了根据某瓦楞纸箱生产厂的实际生产条件制备一种耐热、耐低温、防水、透气等性能优异的包装专用蜡,将58号全炼蜡和70号微晶蜡混合物作为基础蜡料,分别考察添加剂、助剂、抗氧剂等对基础蜡料滴熔点、运动黏度及外观等的影响,确定了最佳制备配方:合成蜡、添加剂B、助剂1、助剂2、抗氧剂加入量(w)分别为基础蜡料质量的9.8%,6.5%,1.5%,2.1%,0.1%。在温度为160℃、时间为30 min、搅拌速率为200 r/min条件下制备的包装专用蜡具有熔点高、黏附性强、光泽性好的优点,满足该瓦楞纸箱生产厂的质量和外观要求。     

一种新型包装专用蜡的研制

为了根据某瓦楞纸箱生产厂的实际生产条件制备一种耐热、耐低温、防水、透气等性能优异的包装专用蜡，将58号全炼蜡和70号微晶蜡混合物作为基础蜡料，分别考察添加剂、助剂、抗氧剂等对基础蜡料滴熔点、运动黏度及外观等的影响，确定了最佳制备配方：合成蜡、添加剂B、助剂1、助剂2、抗氧剂加入量（w）分别为基础蜡料质量的9.8%，6.5%，1.5%，2.1%，0.1%。在温度为160 ℃、时间为30 min、搅拌速率为200 r/min条件下制备的包装专用蜡具有熔点高、黏附性强、光泽性好的优点，满足该瓦楞纸箱生产厂的质量和外观要求。     

改性纳米SiO2颗粒的研制及抗磨减摩性能评价

选用纳米SiO2颗粒作为发动机润滑油添加剂,筛选出适宜的溶剂为无水乙醇,最佳改性剂为通过采用不同的溶剂和改性剂,对纳米SiO2颗粒进行表面修饰,制备一系列改性纳米SiO2颗粒,对其进行SEM表征,考察其分散性能和摩擦学性能,筛选出适宜的溶剂及改性剂;并考察改性纳米SiO2颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,确定最佳的改性纳米SiO2颗粒添加量。结果表明：对纳米SiO2颗粒进行表面改性的适宜溶剂为无水乙醇,最佳改性剂为KH-550,采用先配制KH-550醇水溶液再加入到反应体系的工艺方式时改性效果更佳;改性纳米SiO2颗粒具有较好的抗磨减摩性能,添加量（w）为2%时抗磨减摩效果较好。     

Preparation of High-Hardness Oxidized Wax

Abstract

Paraffin wax and polyethylene wax were used as raw materials to prepare oxidized wax by catalytic oxidation. Then, a high hardness wax was prepared by calcified modification. The results showed that when the calcification reaction temperature was 120°C, the reaction time was 4 hr, the quantity of Ca(OH)₂ was 3.0%, a modified wax was obtained. Its property (such as hardness) was close to natural hard wax (carnauba wax). The acid value was 3.20 mg(KOH)/g, the saponification value was 78.83 mg(KOH)/g, the needle penetration was 1.7 (0.1 mm), drop melting point was 86.9°C.     

煤焦油制蜡技术的研究

以中低温煤焦油轻油为原料,采用直接加氢-溶剂脱蜡耦合工艺制备煤基蜡;在三管式固定床加氢反应器,考察反应温度、反应压力及空速对煤焦油直接加氢产物性质及正构烷烃含量的影响;采用溶剂脱蜡技术得到煤基蜡产品,并对其熔点、正构烷烃组分含量进行测定。结果表明：煤焦油直接加氢-溶剂脱蜡耦合工艺的最优条件为反应温度380 ℃,反应压力13 MPa,液体体积空速0.3 h-1,酮苯质量比8:1,剂油质量比5:1;在最优条件下制备的煤基蜡熔点为50.7 ℃,正构烷烃质量分数为93.7%。     

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TYPE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE PATTERN WAX

The effects of several important components on casting waxes, such as low-melting point petroleum waxes, high-melting point waxes, stearic acid and additive 201 were investigated. A new type of LPW low-temperature pattern wax was developed by method of cooling curve. The experimental results showed that stearic acid and No. 56 petroleum wax could lower the casting temperature. No. 80 microcrystalline wax, No. 85 microcrystalline wax and additive 201 all could make the pattern wax crystal construction finer, although additive 201 was more effective than the microcrystalline waxes. The application tests showed that LPM pattern waxes were higher quality pattern waxes such as better gloss, higher rigidity and higher intensity than the original common low casting temperature pattern waxes.     

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TYPE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE PATTERN WAX

The effects of several important components on casting waxes, such as low-melting point petroleum waxes, high-melting point waxes, stearic acid and additive 201 were investigated. A new type of LPW low-temperature pattern wax was developed by method of cooling curve. The experimental results showed that stearic acid and No. 56 petroleum wax could lower the casting temperature. No. 80 microcrystalline wax, No. 85 microcrystalline wax and additive 201 all could make the pattern wax crystal construction finer, although additive 201 was more effective than the microcrystalline waxes. The application tests showed that LPM pattern waxes were higher quality pattern waxes such as better gloss, higher rigidity and higher intensity than the original common low casting temperature pattern waxes.     

费-托合成蜡催化加氢精制研究

以未精制的费-托合成蜡为原料,将其减压蒸馏为轻质蜡油和重质蜡油馏分,采用自制W-Mo-Ni型催化剂对两段蜡油馏分分别进行加氢精制,使其中的含氧化合物氢解、烯烃加氢饱和,制备低含油量、高滴熔点的费-托合成蜡。考察了反应压力、反应温度对精制蜡含油量的影响,并采用高温气相色谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）等对蜡样品的碳数分布、分子结构、晶体结构进行分析表征。结果表明：在反应压力为6.0 MPa、轻质蜡油反应温度为260 ℃、重质蜡油反应温度为320 ℃的条件下,两段费-托合成蜡馏分的脱氧率分别为95.86%和94.90%,所得两种精制蜡的滴熔点分别为72 ℃和112 ℃,含油量（w）分别为0.76 %和0.09%,碳数分布分别为19～29和26～120;FT-IR分析结果表明加氢后精制蜡主要由长链正构烷烃组成。     

1-十二烯聚合制备中低黏度合成油的研究

使用月桂酸改性的三氯化铝为催化剂,对1-十二烯合成中低黏度聚α-烯烃（PAO）进行研究,结合碳正离子聚合机理,分析了采用高温低聚方法获得中低黏度PAO的经济性问题。具体考察了催化剂用量、月桂酸与三氯化铝摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、以及缩合改性试验中氯化氢是否溢出对PAO收率和二聚物含量的影响。结果表明,在三氯化铝质量分数为3%、月桂酸与三氯化铝摩尔比为0.9、聚合温度为50 ℃、反应时间为3 h的条件下,PAO收率达到85%,二聚体含量（w）控制在3.4%左右,100 ℃运动黏度为19.56 mm2/s,黏度指数为161,倾点为－48 ℃,合成PAO是一种中低黏度、高黏度指数、低倾点的PAO润滑基础油,并且具有较窄的相对分子质量分布和良好的蒸发性能。     

Study of Phase Transition in Hard Microcrystalline Waxes and Wax Blends by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Phase transition temperature and associated energies in hard high melting microcrystalline waxes and its various blend with paraffin wax (melting range from 60 to 97°C) have been determined by DSC in both heating and cooling mode. The dependence of these on the composition and properties of waxes have been analyzed. The solid liquid transition temperature obtained by DSC has been compared with ASTM drop melting point of these wax samples. The present study has demonstrated that DSC can be of great use in identifying whether the wax sample is blend of different waxes or not.     

Study of Phase Transition in Hard Microcrystalline Waxes and Wax Blends by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract

Phase transition temperature and associated energies in hard high melting microcrystalline waxes and its various blend with paraffin wax (melting range from 60 to 97°C) have been determined by DSC in both heating and cooling mode. The dependence of these on the composition and properties of waxes have been analyzed. The solid liquid transition temperature obtained by DSC has been compared with ASTM drop melting point of these wax samples. The present study has demonstrated that DSC can be of great use in identifying whether the wax sample is blend of different waxes or not.     

高硬度聚酰胺蜡的研制

实验以乙酸、己内酰胺、十二烷二元酸、己二胺为原料通过直接熔融缩聚法合成了高硬度聚酰胺蜡,并用IR进行了结构表征,考察了反应物料用量,聚合温度和聚合时间对反应的影响.适宜的工艺条件为:n(十二烷二元酸、乙酸)∶n(己二胺)=1∶1,n(乙酸)∶n(十二烷二元酸)=8∶2,w(己内酰胺)=50％～60％,聚合温度190～2...