制备不同形貌的4ZnO·B_2O_3·H_2O型硼酸锌

本文介绍了水热法制备的硼酸锌(4ZnO·B_2O_3·H_2O)的合成方法及其性质。硼酸锌是一种新型、高效、无机无毒阻燃剂。为了改进制备硼酸锌的制备条件并研究其阻燃性能,以八水合五硼酸铵和七水合硫酸锌为原料,通过控制变量法优化实验条件,制备硼酸锌(4ZnO·B_2O_3·H_2O)。通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)及扫描电镜(SEM)对微米棒的组成、表面结构及形貌进行了分析。     

硼酸锌阻燃剂的性质、制备方法及其阻燃机理

对硼酸锌的性质、制备工艺、阻燃机理等进行了简要的评述,并结合我国青海省资源状况,对阻燃剂硼酸锌的发展提出了建议.     

硼系阻燃剂的发展及现状

综述了硼系阻燃剂中硼酸锌的制备和超细硼酸锌阻燃剂的制备,同时也介绍了硼系阻燃剂与其他阻燃剂的协效作用以及硼系阻燃剂的应用。介绍了有机硼系阻燃剂的发展状况。     

成果转让

阻燃抑烟剂———硼酸锌(2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O)1项目提出的背景及市场需求预测由于无机阻燃剂在合成材料中除了有阻燃效果外,还有抑制发烟和氯化氢生成的作用。而且赋予材料无毒性,无腐蚀性,因而得到广泛的应用。在环保要求日益加强的今天,无机阻燃剂更是显示出强大的竞争力和发展潜力,其中硼酸锌是无机阻燃剂的优秀品种。组成为2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O的水合硼酸锌是一种高热稳定性的无毒阻燃剂,商品名为FireBrakeZB(简称FB)。它在250℃以上仍能保持结晶水,既能阻燃,又能抑烟,促进积碳形成消灭电弧。由于采用活性剂处理,可使粘度下降,…     

3.5水硼酸锌合成新工艺

一、前言 高效、消烟、无毒、价廉、热稳定性好以及不影响产品性能是当今阻燃剂的发展方向。新兴的无机添加型阻燃剂硼酸锌,就是这种比较理想的阻燃材料之一。七十年代,美国、联邦德国等国家已经把硼酸锌广泛应用于合成纤维、树脂、橡胶、塑料、电器材料、涂料以及电线、电缆等工业产品的制作,     

新型阻燃剂低水合硼酸锌的合成

以氧化锌,硝酸锌和硼砂为原料生产阻燃剂低水合硼酸锌,对生产工艺条件中的反应温度,物料配比,液固比和反应时间等方面进行了研究。通过多次实验,优选出了质量好、收率高的低水合硼酸锌的最佳合成工艺。     

阻燃剂对聚丙烯结晶活化能的影响研究

主要研究了4种无机阻燃剂粉体,即氢氧化镁(MH)、滑石粉(Talc)、硼酸锌(ZB)、改性蒙脱土(OMT)在聚丙烯(PP)体系中阻燃协同效应。通过极限氧指数、垂直燃烧实验、锥形量热仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等研究了材料的燃烧性能和结晶行为。结果表明滑石粉、硼酸锌和MH存在较好的阻燃协同效应,尤其是硼酸锌和MH并用时对PP能起到较好的阻燃效果,但是改性蒙脱土和MH的阻燃协同效应效果不是很明显。DSC试验结果表明MH能起到异相成核作用,提高材料的结晶速率并降低材料的结晶活化能。作为无机阻燃剂粉体,MH具有广阔的应用前景。     

阻燃软质PVC的性能研究

系统研究了无机阻燃剂(氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑)对软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)阻燃性能的影响。首先研究了氢氧化铝、三氧化二锑单独使用对软质PVC阻燃性能的影响,研究发现氢氧化铝阻燃效率低于三氧化二锑;然后研究了二元体系氢氧化铝和三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝和硼酸锌并用对软质PVC性能的影响,研究发现氢氧化铝和三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝和硼酸锌对软质PVC均具有协同阻燃作用。     

含硼阻燃剂的研究及应用进展

综述了无机及有机含硼阻燃剂的特点、应用及近年来的进展,介绍了主要的无机及有机含硼阻燃剂的性能和实际应用方面的改进。提出硼酸锌的纳米化与协同作用、有机硼阻燃剂与其它阻燃剂的复配使用发展方向。协同型硼阻燃剂阻燃效果更好,且可提高产品的水解稳定性。     

阻燃剂硼酸锌

文中对阻燃剂硼酸锌进行了多次性能研究。结果表明，阻燃剂硼酸锌可以单独使用，也可以与其他无卤素阻燃剂并用，在诸多应用领域取得了成效。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。