纳米晶体Ni－P合金晶粒微观结构的研究

采用非晶晶化法制备出晶粒尺寸不同的Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金复相纳米晶体样品。利用Ｘ射线衍射技术分别对样品中Ｎｉ固溶体和Ｎｉ_３Ｐ的晶格参数随晶粒尺寸的变化进行了测试，发现在Ｎｉ固溶体纳米相中Ｐ的固溶浓度增大，约为平衡固溶度的１０－１５倍，形成超过饱和固溶晶格结构；在Ｎｉ_３Ｐ化合物纳米相中空位浓度增加导致晶格畸变发生，而且随晶粒尺寸减小晶格畸变程度增大。     

纳米晶体Ni－P合金晶粒微观结构的研究SCIEI

采用非晶晶化法制备出晶粒尺寸不同的Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金复相纳米晶体样品。利用Ｘ射线衍射技术分别对样品中Ｎｉ固溶体和Ｎｉ_３Ｐ的晶格参数随晶粒尺寸的变化进行了测试，发现在Ｎｉ固溶体纳米相中Ｐ的固溶浓度增大，约为平衡固溶度的１０－１５倍，形成超过饱和固溶晶格结构；在Ｎｉ_３Ｐ化合物纳米相中空位浓度增加导致晶格畸变发生，而且随晶粒尺寸减小晶格畸变程度增大。     

化学镀Ni—P—Al2O3工艺及性能研究

研究了制取含Ａｌ２Ｏ３粒子量高且镀液稳定的Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３化学复合镀液的工艺方法;讨论了镀液组成和工艺对沉积速度的影响,并在此基础上进一步研究镀层的组织性能及机理,在Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀液中加入Ａｌ２Ｏ３粒子（３～５μｍ）形成复合镀层,且Ａｌ２Ｏ３与Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金基质机械结合,复合镀层保持Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金结构,复合镀层表现更优良的机械性能。     

成分和结构对Ni—W—P镀层抗冲刷腐蚀性能的影响

研究了不同成分和结构的ＮｉＷＰ合金镀层的硬度、耐蚀性及在液固双相流中的抗冲刷腐蚀性能,并对镀层表面膜进行了ＸＰＳ分析,结果表明：镀层中钨含量的增加有利于提高镀层的硬度、耐蚀性和抗冲刷腐蚀性能。由Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２,ＷＯ３,Ｎｉ３（ＰＯ４）２组成的表面膜具有较强的修复能力,这是使镀层具有优异抗冲刷腐蚀性能的主要因素之一。４００℃以下较低温度的热处理提高了镀层的硬度,但削弱了镀层的耐蚀性,然而对抗冲刷腐蚀性能却略有提高。     

Ni－La_2O_3复合镀层对Ni抗高温循环氧化性能的影响

１２７３Ｋ循环氧化１００ｈ的实验结果表明，金属Ｎｉ表面沉积一层Ｎｉ－Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３复合镀层（厚为３０μｍ）后，抗循环氧化性能比金属Ｎｉ和表面沉积相同厚度Ｎｉ镀层的金属Ｎｉ有极大改善。Ｎｉ及其单镀Ｎｉ后，氧化速率快，氧化皮严重开裂；沉积复合镀层后，氧化速率显著降低，表面氧化层晶粒明显细化，氧化皮下发生开裂电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）观测发现，Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３分布在氧化层（５０μｍ厚）的上表层（３１μｍ厚）中。高分辨电子显微镜（ＨＲＥＭ）发现复合镀层中分布着尺寸＜５ｎｍ的Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３纳米颗粒，据此提出，氧化时，由于小尺寸的Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３纳米颗粒易部分溶解，成为产生并在氧化层晶界偏聚的Ｌａ~（３＋）的＂储存池＂。Ｌａ~（３＋）在ＮｉＯ晶界偏聚，阻止了Ｎｉ~（２＋）的短路扩散，改善了复合镀层氧化层的生长机制和力学性质．     

玻璃组分与Cu—Ni熔体过冷稳定性

在高真空下,研究了５０ ％ （７９ ％ Ｓｉ Ｏ２ ＋ １２ ．５ ％ Ｂ２ Ｏ３ ＋ ２ ．２ ％ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ ＋ ０ ．６ ％ Ｃａ Ｏ ＋ ５ ．７ ％ Ｎａ２ Ｏ） （ 简写为 Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） ＋ ５０ ％ （ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 对 Ｃｕ５０ Ｎｉ５０ 和 Ｃｕ７０ Ｎｉ３０ 合金熔体循环过热过程中过冷度稳定性的影响。结果表明,５０ ％（ Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） ＋ ５０ ％ （ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 玻璃对合金熔体的净化过程为物理—化学复合净化, 且在（ Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） 净化剂中加入（ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 玻璃形成的净化剂粘度适中,因此合金熔体在２ ～５ 次循环过热过程中可以获得稳定深过冷。     

化学镀Ni-P合金中无机盐加速剂的影响

研究了在化学镀ＮｉＰ合金镀层时,采用无机盐复合加速剂降低镀液温度、提高沉积速度的方法。结果表明,在普通化学镀ＮｉＰ合金镀液中添加无机盐复合加速剂ＨＮ３（３份（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４与２份Ｋ２ＣＯ３的混合物）３０ｇ／Ｌ,在８０℃下施镀,其沉积速度可达１５μｍ／ｈ,比不含该加速剂时提高４０％左右,镀液寿命可达５个周期以上,镀层外观光亮,结晶细致。     

一种高速化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金工艺

开了一种高速化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ合金工艺,研究了镀液中ＣｕＳＯ１．５Ｈ２Ｏ浓度、ｐＨ值、温度对镀层成分、镀速的影响,并根据ＧＢ１０１２４－８８标准对镀层作了耐蚀性试验。结果表明,本工艺在各参数较大的变化范围内均可获得较高的镀速,最高镀速可达２８ｕｍ／ｈ,而且镀层具有较好的耐蚀性,该工艺条件下获得的镀层在５０％Ｈ２ＳＯ１（室温）和５０％ＮａＯＨ（９５Ｏ）中的耐蚀性远高于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ、１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ１２Ｍｏ２Ｔｉ等不锈钢、碳钢以及Ｎｉ－Ｐ化学镀层。     

化学复合镀制备高活性节能NiCo2O4电极

在贱金属铁基表面化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ,然后通过化学复合镀制得Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ－Ａ１２Ｏ３底层,复合镀层用ＮａＯＨ溶液浸出,可制得新型Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ微孔活性中间导参中间导地涂覆匹配性较好的ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４表面活性层,该表面活性层由一定浓度配比的Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２和Ｃｏ（ＮＯ３）２通过高温热解而成。 射结果表明表面活性层是由ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４组成,不存在ＮｉＯ和Ｃｏ３Ｏ４的独立相。这种新型表面活性层用于碱性水电     

Ni－La_2O_3复合镀层中的质点弥散与组态研究

用金相、电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）及高分辨电子显微镜（ＨＲＥＭ）对Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合电镀层的表面形貌及ＬａＯ３质点在镀层中的存在情况进行了研究．发现随着镀液中Ｌａ２Ｏ３颗粒含量增加，复合镀层中Ｌａ２Ｏ３的弥散量增多，镀层晶粒细化．Ｌａ２Ｏ３质点以两种组织状态均匀分布于镍层中：其一为纳米级晶体（绝大多数＜５０ｎｍ）的弥散状态；另一种为微米级（～１μｍ）的“聚合体”状态，是由更微小的纳米晶体（～１０ｎｍ）所组成，由于Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合镀层用作扩散渗铝制备Ｌａ２Ｏ３氧化物改性的铝化物涂层的基底层，文中还就复合涂层的Ｌａ２Ｏ３质点弥散与组态对改性的铝化物涂层的显微结构及其氧化行为的影响作了进一步探讨．     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.