焊接电流对涂覆TiO_2活性剂AZ31镁合金TIG焊的影响(英文)

研究焊接电流对涂覆TiO2活性剂AZ31镁合金板材活性钨极氩弧焊(A-TIG)焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观结构和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着焊接电流的增加,焊缝的熔深和熔宽比增加,涂覆TiO2的焊缝表面形貌逐渐恶化;焊缝中α-Mg晶粒尺寸增加,颗粒状β-Mg17Al12数量增多。与普通的TIG焊相比,A-TIG焊缝熔深明显增加并且晶粒尺寸粗化。当焊接电流小于130 A时,涂覆TiO2焊接接头的极限抗拉强度值随着焊接电流的增加而增加,当焊接电流超过130 A时其抗拉强度值开始下降;焊缝热影响区和熔合区的平均显微硬度随着焊接电流的增加逐渐降低。     

汽车用镁/钢异种金属的焊接接头组织与性能研究

采用熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊(MIG)方法对AZ91D合金/Q345钢异种金属进行了焊接,研究了焊接电流和焊接速度对焊缝显微组织和焊接接头抗拉强度的影响。结果表明,不同焊接电流条件下焊缝区都为等轴晶,且随着焊接电流的增加,焊缝区晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;随着焊接电流的增加,焊接接头的抗拉强度呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,在焊接电流为130 A时取得最大值144 MPa;随着焊接速度的增加,异种金属焊接接头的抗拉强度呈现先增加后降低的特征,在焊接速度为750 mm/min时取得最小值,抗拉强度最小值约为38 MPa。AZ91D合金/Q345钢异种金属适宜的MIG焊接工艺为:焊接电流130 A,焊接速度600 mm/min。     

AZ91D镁合金/Q345钢MIG焊对接接头组织与力学性能研究

采用熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊(MIG)方法对AZ91D合金/Q345钢异种金属进行了焊接,研究了焊接电流和焊接速度对接头显微组织和抗拉强度的影响。结果表明在不同的焊接电流和焊接速度下焊缝区都为α-Mg等轴晶,AZ91D侧熔合区组织为晶粒尺寸不均的α-Mg晶粒,整体晶粒尺寸较为细小,而热影响区的晶粒尺寸较为粗大。在AZ91D/Q345接头连接处形成一定厚度的过渡层。随着焊接电流的增加,焊接接头晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,抗拉强度呈现先增加而后略降低的趋势;随着焊接速度的增加,焊接接头晶粒尺寸减小,异种金属焊接接头的抗拉强度也呈现先略增加而后降低的特征。     

电子束焊接工艺参数对AZ31镁合金接头形貌和性能的影响

采用电子束焊接工艺对11 mm厚的AZ31镁合金挤压板进行堆焊试验,通过改变加速电压、电子束流、聚焦电流和焊接速度等参数研究了电子束焊接参数对焊缝宏观形貌的影响规律。结果表明,其他条件保持不变,规律增大加速电压或电子束流时,焊缝的熔深和熔宽逐渐增加,且电子束流对其影响效果更加明显。聚焦电流的变化对焊缝的形貌影响作用较大。随着焊接速度增大,焊缝的熔深和熔宽逐渐减小。热输入量对接头的组织和性能有重要影响,焊接线能量增大,α-Mg晶粒尺寸增大,β相在晶内和晶界处析出量逐渐增多。焊接接头硬度值分布为焊缝区高于部分熔化区和母材,增大焊接线能量,焊缝区硬度值呈下降趋势变化。     

焊接电流变化对镁合金TIG焊接的影响

采用TIG焊接方法焊接AZ31B镁合金,采用宏观分析、显微组织、显微硬度、拉伸强度等分析方法对研究了焊接电流对镁合金焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着焊接电流的增加,镁合金焊接接头拉伸强度先增加后减小,焊接电流为110 A时达到最大值193 MPa。镁合金焊接接头热影响区和熔合区显微硬度随焊接电流增加逐渐降低,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。焊缝熔宽随焊接电流增大逐渐增加,焊缝深宽比先增加后减小。     

AZ61/ZK60异种镁合金TIG与A-TIG接头的组织及力学性能（英文）

采用钨极氩弧(TIG)焊与活性钨极氩弧(A-TIG)焊对异种镁合金AZ61/ZK60进行焊接。结果发现,焊接接头主要由细小的等轴树枝晶与Mg_(17)Al_(12)、MgZn_2颗粒组成。当焊接电流为80A时,接头晶粒细化程度最大,晶粒尺寸为19μm,抗拉强度达到207 MPa。使用A-TIG焊获得的异种镁合金接头抗拉强度和焊缝宽度与焊接前TiO_2活性剂涂敷量有关,焊缝两侧不同母材导致的热影响区组织差异并不影响焊缝成型。     

AZ91镁合金焊接接头组织及力学行为分析

采用TIG焊对5 mm厚的AZ91镁合金板材进行焊接,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及拉伸试验机等试验设备进行检测、试验,研究不同焊接电流对接头显微组织与性能的影响规律.结果表明,焊缝区由基体α-Mg和附集于晶界的β-Al12Mg17两相组成;随着焊接电流的增加,焊缝晶粒组织逐渐粗化,同时易产生裂纹等缺陷,使接头力学性能降低.当焊接电流为100 A时,接头的抗拉强度达到最佳,其抗拉强度为252 MPa,断后伸长率6.9%.     

单组分活性剂对铝合金A-TIG焊焊缝的影响

针对6 mm的6061铝合金试板,选用SiO2,TiO2,Cr2O3,CaF2,BaCl2共5种单一成分活性剂进行铝合金交流A-TIG焊工艺试验,研究活性剂对A-TIG焊焊缝表面成形及宏观形貌的影响,并结合焊接过程电弧形态变化,分析熔深增加机理.结果表明,5种单一成分活性剂均可改善焊缝熔深,其中SiO2增加焊缝熔深效果最好,CaF2效果不明显;涂覆SiO2时表面成形比涂覆其它活性剂时差,其中TiO2表面成形最好;电弧进入活性剂区时无明显收缩,认为熔深增加是活性剂的引入导致导电通道电阻变化引起的电弧热输入增加的结果.     

低碳钢A-TIG焊活性剂的焊接性

利用自行研制的低碳钢A-TIG焊活性剂进行了各种焊接工艺试验。内容包括焊缝外观形貌、熔深效果、接头微观组织、化学成分及接头力学性能分析。结果表明，使用本活性剂可以使焊缝熔深比常规的TIG焊增加3倍，对12mm以下的低碳钢板对接无需开坡口可一次焊接完成，且单面焊双面成形，焊缝表面成形良好，接头微观组织、焊缝的化学成分、接头力学性能均不受影响。焊接电流、弧长、焊接速度、涂层厚度和保护气体种类等，对焊接熔深的增加产生影响。     

活性剂对钛合金钨极氩弧焊的影响

对TC4钛合金进行直流正接TIG和A-TIG焊接试验,选用卤化物CaF2、NaCl和氧化物Cr2O3、SiO2、TiO2作为活性剂,研究单一组元活性剂对焊缝表面成形、焊缝熔深及接头组织的影响.结果表明:涂敷活性剂对焊接过程稳定性没有产生明显影响,焊缝表面平整光滑,成形良好.选择合适的活性剂,能够在一定程度上增加焊缝熔深.活性剂成分不同,熔深增加程度也不同,其中SiO2增加熔深作用较为明显,熔深增加约1.9倍.通过金相组织观察,发现TIG和A-TIG焊接头显微组织相似,其中焊缝组织为α+α′,热影响区组织为α+β+α′.     

Effects of mix activated fluxes coating on microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

Abstract

The effects of mix activated fluxes on the penetrations, microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were studied. The results showed that an increase in the amount of TiO₂ coating improved the weld penetration and depth/width ratio of the TIG welded AZ31 magnesium alloy seams. The α-Mg grains of the fusion zone (FZ) became fine gradually with the addition of CaF₂ coating but coarsened sharply when the amount of TiO₂ coating was over 70%. In addition, the porosities and total length of solidification cracks in the FZ were reduced by the CaF₂ and TiO₂ coatings. The ultimate tensile strength value of the welded joints increased with the addition of TiO₂ coating but decreased sharply when more TiO₂ coating was adopted.     

Effects of graphene nanoplates on microstructures and mechanical properties of NSA-TIG welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

The effects of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of nanoparticles strengthening activating tungsten inert gas arc welding (NSA-TIG) welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated. It was found that compared with those of activating TIG (A-TIG), and obvious refinement of α-Mg grains was achieved and the finest α-Mg grains of fusion zone of NSA-TIG joints were obtained in the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux coating. In addition, the penetrations of joints coated by TiO₂+GNPs flux were similar to those coated by the TiO₂+SiC_p flux. However, the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux coating showed better mechanical properties (i.e., ultimate tensile strength and microhardness) than those with TiO₂+SiC_p flux coating. Moreover, the generation of necking only occurred in the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux.     

Effect of lattice matching degree and intermetallic compound on the properties of Mg/Al dissimilar material welded joints

The welding of Mg/Al dissimilar materials with different filler metal was investigated, and the quantities and kinds of intermetallic compounds were discussed. In addition, the matching degrees between base metal and intermetallic compounds were defined and calculated, and the effect of different quantities of each intermetallic compound on the property of welded seam was investigated. The results indicated that the welded seam was composed of Al₃Mg₂ and Al₁₂Mg₁₇ by Mg/Al directly gas tungsten arc butt welding, and only one intermetallic compound of MgZn₂ formed in the welding seam using Zn and Zn–xAl filler metal. The tensile strengths of the joints increased with the increase of the matching degrees between the intermetallic compounds and the base metal when the welded seam contained different intermetallic compound. Meanwhile, the tensile strengths of the joints are decreased with the increase of intermetallic compound content when the welded seams contained the seam intermetallic compound.     

Effects of current on nanoparticle reinforced magnesium alloy welding joints

Abstract

Effects of welding current on macromorphologies, microstructures and mechanical properties of nano-SiC particles strengthening activating flux tungsten inert gas welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer observations and microhardness and tensile tests. The results showed that SiC particles mainly dwelled in the centre and bottom zone of welding pool. Moreover, with the welding current increasing, the mechanical properties of the welding joints were improved by the increased SiC particles in welding pool, the depth/width ratios of weld pool and the refined α-Mg grain size. However, the α-Mg grains coarsened and the mechanical properties of joints decreased due to excessive heat input in welding process when welding current over 115?A.     

Formation of lack of fusion defects and hot cracks in welding steel structures with a corrosion-resisting zinc coating

The conditions of formation of lack of fusion defects and hot cracks in welded joints in welding steel structures with zinc coatings are investigated. The results show that the probability of formation of lack of fusion defects in the metal of the welded joints produced in CO₂ mechanized welding with a consumable electrode increases with increase of the thickness of the zinc coating and is caused by the additional consumption of the heat of the welding arc for evaporation of zinc. To prevent the formation of lack of fusion defects in the metal of these welded joints, it is recommended to correct the welding conditions taking the thickness of the zinc coating into account.     

焊接电流对专用车厢体耐磨钢NM500钢板焊接接头组织性能的影响

针对专用车厢体耐磨钢NM500钢板焊接热影响区具有较高的淬硬性,焊接过程中易产生冷裂纹以及韧性下降等缺陷,当使用不同的焊接工艺时,其焊接接头性能相差较大的问题,对比分析了240、280、320 A 3种焊接电流对专用车厢体耐磨钢NM500钢板焊接接头力学性能和微观组织的影响规律。结果表明,随着焊接电流的增加,焊接软化区明显增大,焊接电流为240、280 A时,软化区宽度为6.75、7.60 mm;焊接电流为320 A时,软化区宽度陡增至19.4 mm。强度最低位置为焊缝,随着焊接电流增大,焊接接头-20 ℃低温韧性值逐渐下降。维氏硬度数值由焊缝向热影响区、母材呈现线性平稳增加,直至与母材数值相等,焊接电流为320 A时维氏硬度波动数值偏差最大出现在热影响区左侧位置。焊接电流为240、280 A时,焊缝中心以针状铁素体组织为主,还含有细小的板条贝氏体和马氏体;焊接电流为320 A时,焊缝中心为少量粒状贝氏体、以及先共析铁素体组织,熔合线组织粗大,先共析铁素体沿着原奥氏体晶界扩展,魏氏组织铁素体片间距变厚,部分重熔区组织为粒状贝氏体+回火马氏体。通过适配焊接电流参数,可保证专用车厢体服役过程中焊缝的安全和稳定,提升专用车厢体的整体使用寿命。     

MB8镁合金CO2激光焊接工艺及接头性能

采用高功率CO2激光器对MB8镁合金进行一系列激光焊接工艺试验,并对焊缝成形的形成规律、接头的微观组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明:焊缝熔深基本和激光功率呈正比关系,激光功率每增加1 kW,熔深约增加2 mm.焊缝熔合区组织主要由粗大的等轴晶组成,晶粒内有连续析出的条纹状β-Mn,晶粒尺寸约为60μm;热影响区组织为相对细小但大小不一的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸为15~40μm.在消除焊缝表面缺陷后,焊接接头抗拉强度能达到基材的90%左右.此外,熔合区内的粗大晶粒、晶粒内连续分布的第二相及焊缝内气孔缺陷是造成接头拉伸性能低于基材的主要原因.     

Development of novel heating tool friction stir spot welding (HT-FSSW) for AZ31 magnesium alloy

In this work, a new heating tool friction stir spot welding (HT-FSSW) process was developed, and its impacts on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated by microstructure observation, tensile tests and microhardness tests. An increase in the heating tool temperature resulted in a decrease in the grain size of the stir zone (SZ) and an increase in the grain size of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The rising heating tool temperature also aggrandised the bonded zone width and enhanced the tensile shear load strength per unit area of the HT-FSSW welded joints. With an increase in the heating tool temperature, the microhardness of SZ increased while that of the TMAZ decreased. Moreover, the slope of the Hall–Petch relationship between microhardness and grain size of the TMAZ is larger than that of the SZ.     

Microstructure evolution and fracture behaviour of friction stir welded 6061-T6 thin plate joints under high rotational speed

6061-T6 sheets with 0.8?mm thickness were successfully welded using high-speed friction stir welding (FSW) technology. The microstructural evolution and fracture behaviour of the joints were studied. The results show that sound joints could be obtained at the investigated high rotational speed of 8000?rev?min^?1 and welding speeds of 300–1200?mm?min^?1. Compared with conventional rotational speed, the grain size in the nugget zone (NZ) is obviously refined under high rotational speed. The Mg₂Si, Al₈Fe₂Si and Al₂CuMg precipitates reprecipitated adequately in the NZ during high-speed FSW, resulting in the number of the precipitates increased significantly, and further alleviating the weld softening. The difference in weld softening leads to different fracture characteristics during the tensile process. After artificial aging, the maximum welding softening in all joints is located in the heat affected zone, and the fracture is characterised by brittle fracture.     

Reinforcement of Mg/Ti joints using ultrasonic assisted tungsten inert gas welding–brazing technology

Ultrasonic assisted tungsten inert gas welding–brazing technology was developed to refine coarsening columnar α-Mg grains of Mg/Ti joints. In this study, ultrasonic vibration was introduced into molten pool of Mg/Ti joints with frequency of 20 kHz and maximum power of 1·6 kW. The results showed that, with ultrasonic power of 1·2 kW, the morphology of columnar α-Mg grains was refined to approximately equiaxed grains and the average grain size of columnar grains decreased from 200 to ～50 μm. Moreover, the maximum joint strength of joints increased ～18·1% to 228 N mm^?1 over the joints welded without ultrasonic vibration (193 N mm^?1). Furthermore, the optimised Mg/Ti joint fractured at base metal zone rather than fusion zone upon tensile–shear loading, indicating that efficient grain refinement was attained. However, welding voids occurred with the ultrasonic power further increased to 1·6 kW, which resulted in the decrease in mechanical properties.