碳纳米管填充金属Ag纳米线及其机理研究

通过湿化学法将金属Ag成功填入碳纳米管,填充物的形态为纳米线状.用浓硝酸通过沸点回流法对碳纳米管进行处理,处理后不但除掉了其表面的杂质,而且碳纳米管端帽打开并明显被切短.AgNO3溶液通过毛细作用进入开口后的碳纳米管中,在450℃用H2进行还原,还原后碳纳米管被Ag纳米线填充,Ag纳米线直径为20～40nm,长度100nm～10μm.通过透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析研究了Ag纳米线的微观形态和结构.在实验基础上探讨了金属Ag纳米线的形成机理.     

纳米镍颗粒填充碳纳米管的制备与磁性能

采用自制的实验装置, 通过阳极弧放电等离子体技术成功制备了Ni纳米颗粒填充的碳纳米管, 利用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 XRD、 TEM、 X射线能量色散分析谱仪(XEDS)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对样品的化学成分、 形态、 微观结构和磁性能进行了表征。实验结果表明, 采用本文中实验方法能获得大量被纳米金属颗粒填充的碳纳米管, 其内部填充物为面心立方(FCC)结构的纳米Ni颗粒, 外围薄层为石墨碳层。碳纳米管的外径为30~40 nm, 壁厚5~8 nm, 内部填充的纳米颗粒呈球形和椭球形, 粒径均匀, 在管腔内不连续分布。产物具有顺磁特性, 矫顽力是78 Oe, 饱和磁化强度是33 enu/g。     

喷射电沉积Co-Ni纳米合金沉积层的组织和性能

用高速喷射电沉积法快速制备了块体纳米晶Co-Ni合金,研究了喷镀工艺参数(主盐浓度、电解液喷射速度和电流密度等)对沉积层成分、微观组织结构及性能的影响.结果表明:提高喷射电沉积电解液的搅拌强度能有效减小扩散层的厚度,使电沉积在较高的极限电流密度下进行,提高沉积速度.极限电流密度的增大使阴极过电位增大,从而提高合金的形核速率,使沉积层晶粒的尺寸减小、显微硬度升高.随着电解液中Co2 含量的增加,沉积层中Co含量增加,导致沉积层相结构由单相α-Co(Ni)转变为α-Co(Ni)和ε-Co(Ni)双相组织,并使表面的形貌发生明显的变化.     

纳米Co(OH)2的制备与电化学性能的研究

采用湿化学法合成了纳米Co(OH)2。并运用XRD、TEM等方法对反应产物进行了观察分析,结果表明得到的为六方片状的β-Co(OH)2,粒径在20-40nm之间。将该纳米β-Co(OH)2添加到镍正极中,电池测试结果表明,纳米β-Co(OH)2在电解质溶液中具有高的反应活性,能均匀地分散在镍正极中。与金属钴相比,能显著地提高镍电极中活性物质Ni(OH)2的利用率。     

NiAl(Co)-TiC粉末的机械合金化原位制备纳米复合材料

用高能球磨机分别对四种成分的Ni50-Al50-x-Cox 10%(体积分数,下同)TiC (x=5,10,20)和Ni50-Al45-Co5 20%TiC粉末进行机械合金化,得到原位内生TiC弥散强化的NiAl(Co)纳米复合粉末.结果表明,球磨Ni50-Al45-Co5-10%TiC粉末过程中,爆炸反应机制生成NiAl(Co)和TiC化合物,其中NiAl(Co)化合物晶粒仅为10nm左右,TiC晶粒为35～50nm.但当TiC含量增加到20%时,其爆炸反应起始时间延后20min.同时随着Co含量增加,Ni50-Al40-Co10-10%TiC粉末的机械合金化的产物仍为NiAl(Co)和TiC,但NiAl(Co)化合物的生成机制转变为扩散反应机制.进一步增加Co含量(20%,原子分数)则导致了γ-Ni(Al,Co,Ti,C)过饱和固溶体的形成,反应机制仍为互扩散反应.     

Correlation between Phase Composition,Microstructure,and Electrochemical Behavior of Cobalt Compounds

正Cobalt compounds with different phase compositions and microstructure are promising in solving the energy storage and conversion problems.Herein,the graphene-likeα-Co(OH)_2,ultra-layeredα-Co(OH)_2 stacked with hexagonal nanosheets,and needle-like Co(CO_3)0.5(OH)·0.11H_2O were hydrothermally synthesized without using surfactant and templates by increasing the reaction temperature or prolonging the reaction     

碳纳米管性质对填充镍结构的影响

采用蒙特卡罗方法研究了碳纳米管的直径、形貌以及与金属镍之间的相互作用对填充镍结构的影响.结果表明:碳纳米管的直径决定内部金属的结构,并且随着直径的增加,含有中心原子链的同轴层状结构和不含中心原子链的同轴层状结构交替出现.另外,碳纳米管的形貌与金属-纳米管之间相互作用对填充镍的结构并没有显著的影响.     

单晶高温合金钴铝涂层的高温腐蚀行为研究

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法在单晶高温合金基体上制备了钴铝(Co-Al)涂层,研究了900℃下涂层的高温热腐蚀行为。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等方法分析了Co-Al涂层在高温热腐蚀过程中相结构、显微组织和化学成分的演变规律,结果表明:从腐蚀动力学曲线来看,表面涂覆Co-Al涂层的单晶合金的抗高温热腐蚀性能优于无涂层的合金基体;Co层可有效阻挡基体中的Cr元素向外扩散,使涂层表面形成一层连续纯净的Al2O3层,提高了涂层对合金材料的高温热腐蚀抗力;由于Al元素向外扩散,发生Co Al→α-Co相变,直至全部转变成α-Co相,涂层抗热腐蚀退化行为结束。     

铁填充碳纳米管的原位合成

以无水三氯化铁为催化剂前驱体,乙烯为碳源,采用浮游催化法成功大量合成铁填充型碳纳米管.系统地考察了催化剂输入浓度及载气种类对产物的影响.利用环境扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、拉曼光谱和振动磁强计等多种技术手段对产物进行了表征.结果表明:三氯化铁可以替代传统上惯用的有机金属化合物二茂铁作为催化剂前驱体,具有廉价、可控性好等优点,得到的碳纳米管内腔填充有连续的Fe纳米线;这些Fe填充纳米管具有超顺磁性.     

低压化学气相沉积法制备单壁碳纳米管

采用低压化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在MgO载体中的Fe、Co等纳米催化颗粒上制备碳纳米管(CNTs)，用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及喇曼光谱仪(Raman)对生长的CNTs结构特性进行了分析研究，结果表明制备的样品中虽含多壁碳纳米管，但单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)居多，直径约为0．6～2nm．分布均匀，且既包含金属型管，也包含半导体型管。低压MgO载体CVD制备技术，大大增加了等量Fe、Co等催化反应颗粒的比表面积和反应活性，制备的单壁管产额大、成本低、CNTs更易于提纯。     

Comparison of Fe/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Fe, Co/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts used for production of carbon nanotubes from acetylene by CCVD

Characterization of iron containing alumina supported catalysts was performed by transmission electron microcopy (TEM), Mo/spl uml/ssbauer, and XPS spectroscopy during formation of multiwall carbon nanotubes from acetylene at 1000 K. TEM images showed that carbon fibers (outer diameter is around 20-40 nm) were generated on Fe/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ samples while on the bimetallic Fe,Co/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ carbon nanotubes with an average diameter of 8-12 nm were formed. XPS spectra revealed that Fe-Co alloy formed during the interaction of Fe,Co/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and acetylene at 1000 K. The formation of the bimetallic alloy was proven by Mo/spl uml/ssbauer spectroscopy as well.     

Controllable synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles attached on carbon nanotubes

Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles with different size were attached on the carbon nanotubes through adjusting the ratio of the metal to carbon in the mixed solution of nitrate with Fe:Co = 1:1 (molar ratio) via wet chemistry. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) indicated that the Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles attached on the surface of carbon nanotubes has body-centered cubic (bcc) structure, with sizes in the range of 13–25 nm and in the shape of spheroids. Magnetization measurements indicated that both the coercivities and the saturation magnetizations altered with size changes of the Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization decreases with decreasing the Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles’ sizes. A decrease in coercivity with increasing Fe–Co size together with a local maximum coercivity at size of ca. 15 nm is visible. A linear relationship between the inverse particle diameter and the coercivity was found for larger particles. These demonstrated that the chemical method here is promising for fabricating Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles coated on carbon nanotubes for magnetic storage applications.     

化学气相沉积法合成碳纳米管及其导电性能研究

以二甲硫醚为碳源前驱体,Co/MgO为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法生长出碳纳米管及Y形碳纳米管,此法稳定性及重现性较好.通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱及X射线衍射对产品形态和结构进行了分析和表征,结果表明,所制备的碳纳米管形态较规整、纯度较高,具有较好的石墨微晶结构;导电性能测试结果显示,Y形碳纳米管各分支均呈现出典型的金属性导电性能.     

Carbon dioxide as a carbon source for synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition

Carbon dioxide was successfully used as carbon source in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) over Fe/CaO catalyst. The product was evaluated using both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Crooked and branching structures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) with diameters of around 50 nm were observed on the TEM micrographs. Raman spectrum results show that the nanotubes have small defects, which is in agreement with the results of TEM. The influence of reaction variable such as furnace temperature and types of support media was also studied and the reaction mechanism was then discussed in this paper.     

Growth of single and double walled carbon nanotubes over Co/V/MgO catalysts

High quality single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were synthesized on Co/V/MgO catalysts by catalytic decomposition of CH₄ in H₂. Raman spectroscopy data revealed that the diameters of as-prepared SWCNTs are 1.28 and 0.73 nm. The diameter value of DWCNTs from Raman analysis also showed a narrow diameter distribution. Using field emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was found that the diameter of carbon nanotubes can be controlled mainly by adjusting the molar ratio of Co–V versus the MgO support. The structure properties of catalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of C₇V₈ may play an important role in preserving carbon in the catalyst particle and favoring the dissociation balance of CH₄.     

Filling single-wall carbon nanotubes with d- and f-metal chloride and metal nanowires

Nanowires of magnetic metals (Fe, Co, Ho, Gd) have been synthesized inside the hollow interiors of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by filling SWNTs with precursor metal chlorides and subsequent reduction. SWNTs have been filled by either the melt-phase sealed-tube reaction or a solution-phase method. Among the metal chlorides investigated in this study, HoCl3 and GdCl3 filled the SWNTs to a significantly higher extent. The nanowires have been imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy carried out in conjunction with TEM and STEM confirmed the presence of metal chloride and metal nanowires.     

纳米碳管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

报道了利用催化裂解法制备的纳米碳管合成环氧树脂复合材料的技术及工艺条件。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备的复合材料进行观察表征;通过拉伸及压缩实验对纳米碳管/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:纳米碳管的加入可以明显地改变环氧树脂基体材料的力学性能。      

Fabrication and characterization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates using porous alumina nanotemplates

An ethylene-air laminar diffusion flame successfully provided silicon substrates of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with vertically oriented well-aligned carbon nanotubes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that open-tipped carbon nanotubes consisting of tube elements with the same length and diameter uniformly coated the template. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed these nanotubes to be multiwalled carbon nanotubes, some well graphitized. It was found that cobalt catalyst particles, but not the porous aluminum templates, helped the growth of carbon nanotubes through graphitization and bonding of carbon nanotubes to the silicon substrates.     

填充叠氮化铜的碳纳米管纳米材料的制备研究?

首先采用电化学沉积法在碳纳米管中沉积铜,再利用叠氮化反应制备填充叠氮化铜的碳纳米管纳米材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)对样品的微观形貌和晶体结构进行表征。结果表明,利用电化学沉积方法在定向碳纳米管中空管腔内合成了针状纳米枝晶铜,非连续的枝晶结构有利于后续的气固叠氮化反应,最终制备得到填充叠氮化铜晶体的碳纳米管纳米材料。