MgO载体化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的影响因素

用MgO载体化学气相沉积(CVD)技术制备了碳纳米管(CNTs).并用扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和微区拉曼光谱仪研究分析了各种沉积条件下CNTs的形貌结构.对CVD法制备CNTs的主要影响因素如碳源气体种类、沉积温度和Fe催化颗粒在MgO载体中的百分含量进行了分析讨论.     

新型一步法包裹Fe制备磁性碳纳米管

采用柠檬酸络合法制得不同 Fe 含量的 Fe/MgO 催化剂,并将其应用到气相沉积(CVD)过程中制备磁性碳纳米管。由 CVD 法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)的生长机理,利用碳管在生长过程中原位包裹磁性 Fe 金属氧化物颗粒进入管内的现象,使碳纳米管具有磁性,从而一步制得了磁性碳纳米管。将制得的磁性碳纳米管采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)、低温 N2吸附仪(BET)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)等表征方法进行了测试。结果表明通过这种新型的一步法可以成功地原位包裹 Fe 制得碳纳米管,且制得的碳纳米管具有较强磁性和较大的比表面积,表面引入了功能化基团。     

钴的价态对Co/Mo/MgO催化剂制备碳纳米管的影响

用溶胶凝胶煅烧法制备的Co/Mo/MgO催化剂中,除了形成Mg(Co)MoO4固溶体,一部分Co元素随着煅烧温度的提高,从Co3O4转变为CoO。在不同钴价态的催化剂上,用CVD法制备了碳纳米管。X射线衍射、电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和TGA表征显示,单壁碳纳米管可能是在Co3O4上生长的,多壁碳纳米管可能是在Mg(Co)MoO4上生长的,而在此场合下CoO并不是制备碳纳米管的有效催化剂。     

单壁碳纳米管的制备及生长特性研究

采用Fe／MgO作为催化剂，催化裂解CH4制备了较纯的单壁碳纳米管，用TEM和Baman对碳纳米管进行了表征，对不同生长温度下制备的碳纳米管Baman径向呼吸振动峰(RBM)进行了分析，研究了生长温度对单壁碳纳米管生长特性和结构特性的影响。     

用于制备优质单壁碳纳米管管束的MgO负载Fe3O4纳米粒子的合成

采用沉淀方法制备了直径分布狭窄的均匀Fe3O4纳米颗粒.Fe3O4纳粒形体几近一致,平均粒径为10.33 nm±2.99 nm(平均粒径±标准偏差).在超声作用下将MgO纳米颗粒分散在一定量Fe3O4纳米颗粒的水溶液中获得MgO负载Fe3O4的纳米颗粒.以甲烷为碳源,Fe3O4/MgO为催化剂,经化学气相沉积,在Fe3O4纳粒上制得了大量直径近乎均匀的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)束.TEM显示:SWCNTs的平均直径1.22rm.热重分析显示:样品在400℃～600℃温度区间失重量约19％.拉曼光谱显示:SWCNTs的ID/IG的强度比为0.03,表明采用Fe3O4/MgO催化剂可制得高石墨化程度的单壁碳纳米管.     

单壁碳纳米管的制备及生长特性研究

采用Fe/MgO作为催化剂 ,催化裂解CH4制备了较纯的单壁碳纳米管 ,用TEM和Raman对碳纳米管进行了表征 ,对不同生长温度下制备的碳纳米管Raman径向呼吸振动峰 (RBM)进行了分析 ,研究了生长温度对单壁碳纳米管生长特性和结构特性的影响     

钴/氧化镁催化体系升温速率对单壁碳纳米管管径的调节作用

以钴(Co)、氧化镁(MgO)作催化剂和催化剂载体,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法催化裂解甲烷气体制备单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)。利用拉曼光谱、紫外-红外-近红外吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,在Co/MgO催化体系下,通过改变升温速率可以调节产物中粗细管径(0.8～1.4nm)SWNTs的相对含量;同时还证实了在不同的升温速率下所得到MgO基体的晶体结构是相同的。     

新型一步法包裹Ni制备磁性碳纳米管

采用柠檬酸络合法制得不同Ni含量的Ni/MgO催化剂,然后将其应用到气相沉积(CVD)过程中制备磁性碳纳米管(CNTs)。碳管在生长过程中原位包裹磁性Ni金属氧化物颗粒进入管内,从而一步制得了磁性CNTs。将制得的磁性CNTs采用透射电子显微镜、电子扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、低温N2吸附仪和振动样品磁强计等手段进行表征。结果表明:通过一步法可以成功地原位包裹Ni制得CNTs,且所得CNTs具有较强磁性,碳管表面引入功能化基团和具有较大的比表面积。     

浮动催化CVD法CNTs膜及CNTs膜/环氧复合材料拉伸特性

针对浮动催化化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备的碳纳米管(CNTs)膜,首先采用红外光谱表征分析了包覆在CNTs表面的无定形物质的组成,然后分别采用热处理和酸洗处理方法,考察了CNTs膜中无定形物和残留Fe催化剂对CNTs膜拉伸取向行为的影响。结果表明:采用CVD法制备的CNTs膜中CNTs表面无定形物为含氧或烷烃、烯烃类低聚物,可通过350℃有氧热处理基本去除。该CNTs膜的牵伸取向重排行为受组成影响显著,CNTs表面的低聚物可增强CNTs的管间黏结作用,Fe催化剂颗粒成为CNTs网络结构的交联结点,两者均有利于提高CNTs的取向程度和聚并成束的尺寸,进而提高CNTs膜的拉伸稳定性和断裂韧性。牵伸取向后CNTs膜与环氧树脂溶液的浸润性提高,其CNTs膜/环氧复合材料的拉伸强度和模量达到1228MPa和94.5GPa,相比初始无规CNTs膜/环氧复合材料的分别提高了337%和729%。      

定向碳纳米管的化学气相沉积制备法

报道了一种简便有效的合成定向碳纳米管 (CNTs)的化学气相沉积 (CVD)制备方法。以铁为催化剂 ,乙炔为碳源 ,采用单一反应炉 ,直接在石英基底上沉积催化剂颗粒薄膜 ,成功合成了定向性好、管径均匀的高质量大密度的碳纳米管     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.