塑料光稳定剂的生产与研究进展

概括了国内外塑料光稳定剂的生产现状,综述了国内外塑料光稳定剂的研究进展,重点介绍了受阻胺类光稳定剂和紫外线吸收剂,指出了塑料光稳定剂的发展趋势,对国内塑料光稳定剂产业提出了一些发展建议。     

聚甲醛耐光稳定性研究进展

综述了聚甲醛光氧老化特性和光稳定剂研究开发现状,指出了聚甲醛光稳定剂未来发展趋势。聚甲醛对抗紫外光稳定性较差,容易发生降解与氧化,添加光稳定剂有助于提高聚甲醛耐光稳定性。常用的聚甲醛光稳定剂主要包括紫外光屏蔽剂、紫外光吸收剂和受阻胺类光稳定剂等三大类,对光稳定剂的研究方向主要包括高相对分子质量化、聚合物键合化、多功能化、受阻胺低碱性化等方面。     

国内外光稳定剂的现状及发展趋势

介绍光稳定剂的类别、作用机理及应用,综述国内外光稳定剂的发展历程和现状,探讨了光稳定剂的发展趋势。     

聚烯我稳定化技术进展

本文介绍了聚戏光稳定化的研究进展，并以阻胺光稳定剂新的发展趋势及受阻胺光稳定剂与其他稳定剂之间的相互作用进行了较详细的讨论。     

聚烯烃光稳定化技术进展

本文介绍了聚烯烃光稳定化的研究进展,并就受阻胺光稳定剂新的发展趋势及受阻胺光稳定剂与其它稳定剂之间的相互作用进行了较详细的讨论。     

光稳定剂的研究动态及发展趋势

介绍了国内外光稳定剂的研究及发展趋势,特别是高分子量受阻胺类光稳定剂的研究开发,同时还介绍了光稳定剂主要品种的特性和用途。     

苯并三唑类光稳定剂的研究进展

综述了苯并三唑类光稳定剂的合成技术及作用机理,重点介绍了近年来我国苯并三唑类光稳定剂的最新研究进展,最后指出了今后苯并三唑类光稳定剂的发展方向。     

各类稳定剂对聚乙烯薄膜光氧老化的稳定作用

研究了不同光稳定剂和抗氧剂及其配合使用、光稳定剂含量对聚乙烯薄膜耐光氧老化性的影响。结果表明：在各类光稳定剂中、受阻胺类稳定剂的效果最好;紫外线吸收剂与受阻胺配合使用可使膜的耐老化性有所提高;各类抗氧剂对聚乙烯膜的耐光氧老化性没有不利影响;光稳定剂含量增加,薄膜耐老化寿命提高。     

受阻胺光稳定剂和抗氧剂并用对聚合物紫外光稳定性的影响

阐述了受阻胺稳定剂(HALS)和抗氧剂的分类和作用机理,重点介绍了受阻胺类光稳定剂和抗氧剂并用对聚合物紫外光降解中的影响。当受阻胺类光稳定剂和抗氧剂并用时,既有协同效应,又有对抗效应,也有加和效应。这依赖于受阻胺类光稳定剂和抗氧剂的种类。同时介绍受阻胺光稳定剂发展的趋势。     

抗氧剂、光稳定剂的基本功能、评价方法及选用原则

论述了塑料抗氧剂、光稳定剂的防老化基本功能及评价方法，特别介绍了受阻胺类光稳定剂的抗热氧老化功能，提出了设计配方时选用抗氧剂、光稳定剂的参考原则。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。