航空接头锻件低速等温模锻成形及其塑性变形微观机理

采用低速等温模锻工艺制备7A85铝合金航空接头锻件,并对其在低速等温条件下塑性变形的微观机理进行分析。结果表明:低速等温模锻工艺有利于航空接头锻件的塑性成形,锻件成形质量良好,且锻件内部显微组织细小均匀。在低速等温变形条件下,晶界滑移是航空接头锻件塑性变形的主要机制,而扩散蠕变是晶界滑移的主要因素。基于空位扩散理论,建立7A85铝合金航空接头锻件在极低变形速度条件下的塑性变形本构方程,为低速等温锻造工艺提供理论指导。     

喷射成形超高强度铝合金构件等温锻造模具设计与工艺研究

随着航空航天工业的发展,对航空零件的材料和其成形工艺的要求越来越高,而喷射成形超高强度铝合金材料因其性能优良和价格低廉的特点而广泛应用于制造航空部件。在已有的喷射成形超高强度铝合金坯料的基础上,主要研究其等温锻造模具的设计以及等温锻造工艺对锻件质量的影响,并利用Deform软件模拟了航空用端盖锻件的锻造过程,对比3种模具锻造所得锻件性能,获得了锻件的最佳锻造温度、模具的最佳预热温度、以及成形压力等工艺参数,并通过实际的锻造试验进行了验证。     

5A06铝合金复杂盒形件等温锻造工艺研究

针对5A06铝合金复杂盒型件,利用有限元分析软件Deform,确定了先预成形后终成形的等温锻造成形工艺方案。并通过逆向补偿方法设计了预成形及终成形模具。在20 MN锻压机上,先将铝合金板材预锻成预制坯,然后再等温终锻。等温锻造工艺中,模具温度为(450±10)℃,5A06铝合金预制坯温度为(465±10)℃,成形时最大挤压力为14000 k N。等温锻造试验表明;Deform有限元分析对等温锻造成形工艺研究具有较强的指导意义,采用先预成形后终锻成形工艺能大大提高锻件成形质量;此外,5A06铝合金等温锻造盒型件相较于机械加工盒型件,抗拉强度Rm提高到350 MPa,伸长率A提高到25%。     

2024铝合金件精密等温锻造工艺研究

用H13热作模具钢制作了等温锻造模具,并采用等温锻造工艺对大型2024铝合金锻件挤压成形。先将铝合金板材预锻成预制坯,然后用20 MN液压机进行等温锻造。等温锻造工艺中,模具温度为(450±10)℃,2024铝合金预制坯温度为(465±10)℃,成形时最大挤压力为11000 kN。等温锻造试验表明,等温锻造模具采用渗氧氮化热处理工艺后,可以提高模具的抗黏附性。在试制过程中,对等温锻造模具侧板圆角半径进行优化,比较R5,R10和R15 mm这3种圆角半径,测试后发现圆角半径为R15 mm的模具侧板可以更好地改善金属流动性,并减缓锻件与模具的粘结。此外,比较了两种等温锻造工艺,结果表明,通过预锻或第1道次终锻出现筋条大圆角,可以保证终锻后筋条充满。     

等温铝合金圆环压缩试验时摩擦系数的测定

本文利用圆环镦粗法首次测定了铝合金LD_■在等温状态下几种润滑剂的摩擦系数,并分析了随温度的变化,摩擦系数测定值不同的原因,为介决铝合金等温模锻技术[1]的关键问题之一──润滑剂的选择,提供了润滑剂的润滑性能和试验装置。随着宇航、船舶工业的发展,对锻件的质量和精度要求愈来愈高,促使着新的,高精度的锻压工艺日趋发展。自六十年代发展起来的等温锻造工艺至今在世界各国普遍应用起来了,它不仅较好地解决了耐高温、耐腐蚀、比强度高及具有良好低温性能的第二代超合金(如钛合金、镍基合金)材料的塑性变形,而且也用来完成难以成形工件的精密成形。今天,在形状复杂,局部很薄的铝合金叶片的精密成形已成功地应用了等温模锻技术。然而,合理地选用润滑剂是等温模锻技术的关键问题之一。因此,对于鉴别和掌握润滑剂性能已是迫切需要的了。本次试验着重研究了铝合金等温模锻时润滑剂性能。     

基于ANSYS的套筒件等温锻造数值模拟分析

采用等温锻造工艺研究了套筒件的成形,并研究了2A50铝合金锻件的模锻成形过程以及锻模结构对锻件应力和应变的影响,对比了3种结构的飞边槽对锻件充填率的影响。研究发现,采用III型飞边槽结构的闭式锻模所成形的锻件飞边量最少,初始坯料质量最小。     

7050铝合金等温模锻坯料设计

设计合适的锻压坯料是保证锻压后锻件具有良好综合性能的基础,通过改进锻压坯料的尺寸来改善锻件各部位的变形程度以获得具有良好组织及性能的锻件。运用有限元模拟软件Deform-3D模拟联接轴等温模锻过程,对不同尺寸的坯料模拟等温锻造过程,随着坯料在Z向厚度尺寸的增加,模锻后锻件的等效应变随之逐渐增加。选择成形效果较佳且模锻后锻件变形程度逐渐增加的锻压坯料进行实验。对热处理后的等温模锻件进行室温拉伸、硬度、电导率、疲劳以及金相实验检测。结果显示:对于横截面沿长轴突变的联接轴锻件,锻件各部位间性能差异较大;等温模锻后,变形程度大的锻件能够获得更好的微观组织和力学性能。     

高筋铝合金航空接头锻件成形工艺研究

采用Deform-3D有限元软件对高筋铝合金航空接头锻件锻压成形工艺进行了仿真分析,获得了成形良好、应变分布均匀的最佳预锻件形状.在实验室压机上开展了缩比锻件的成形工艺实验,研究结果表明:优化的预锻件在模腔中的流动性提高、锻件充填完好、变形均匀、应力应变集中降低,所得锻件流线顺畅、晶粒细小、纤维组织明显、力学性能优良,避免了锻造缺陷;仿真与实验结果吻合,为航空接头锻件设计及成形工艺提供了依据.     

铝合金筒形机匣等温锻造模设计

等温锻造方法可有效解决复杂形状的铝合金锻件成形难问题.铝合金筒形机匣是某机型的关键零件,但现有锻造方法较为繁琐,通常为两步法,锻造过程中需要更换凸模,并且成本相对较高.本文在现有锻造方案基础上对筒形机匣的等温锻造模具进行优化改进,应用组合凹模并提出多层水平分模面方案,首次制定出合理的一步成形闭式等温锻造方案,利用DEFORM-3D软件对该成形方案进行数值模拟,获得了较为优化的工艺参数,模拟锻件成形良好,达到了理想效果,为机匣锻件的一步成形工艺提供理论支撑.     

TC4钛合金等温锻造过程的数值模拟和实验研究

实验研究了TC4钛合金等温锻造的工艺过程,并采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件对其进行数值模拟.结果表明,采用等温锻造工艺成功地锻造出某钛合金复杂结构件,锻件轮廓清晰、表面光洁、尺寸精度高,金属流线分布合理,组织性能超过常规机加工件,其材料用量相对于常规机加工件提高到60%.通过软件模拟,了解锻件成形的应力、应变及金属流动等信息,为工艺的确定和设备的选取提供了理论依据.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.