基于Dynaform的铝合金汽车地板梁成形分析及工艺参数优化

为实现汽车的轻量化,对某轿车的铝合金地板梁的拉延成形进行研究,运用Dynaform软件对其成形过程进行模拟分析,研究了压边力F、摩擦系数f、冲压速度v及凸凹模间隙c对地板梁成形的影响规律。对上述4个工艺参数进行了正交优化,获得了最优的工艺参数组合:压边力1200 k N,摩擦系数0. 12,冲压速度2000 mm·s-1,模具间隙2. 835 mm。最终制件的成形效果良好,最大减薄率为21. 01%,最大增厚率为6. 25%。在模拟分析及正交优化的基础上对制件进行了实际的拉延试验,实际拉延制件的最大减薄率与最大增厚率与模拟结果的误差分别为2. 4%、6. 2%,均符合制件的质量评价标准。     

汽车后桥壳冲压成形分析及实验研究

针对汽车后桥壳实际冲压成形中存在的缺陷,基于DYNAFORM软件对后桥壳冲压成形过程进行数值模拟,分析了压边力、冲压速度对冲压成形的影响。设计了正交实验优化工艺参数,以最大减薄率为评价指标,选取冲压速度、压边力、摩擦系数、凹凸模间隙为因素。结果表明,各因素对最大减薄率影响的主次关系依次为冲压速度、摩擦系数、压边力、凹凸模间隙。最优成形工艺参数为:冲压速度为1000 mm·s~(-1)、压边力为300 k N、摩擦系数为0. 12、凹凸模间隙为6. 2 mm。在最优工艺参数下,制件的最大减薄率为14. 35%,最大增厚率为8. 38%,模拟结果的成形质量良好,并进行实际的冲压成形实验,实际制件与有限元模拟结果相比,最大减薄率误差为7. 65%,最大增厚率误差为0. 6%。制件无破裂、起皱,表面质量良好,模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

汽车座椅外侧板单动拉延成形工艺分析及优化

以某型号汽车座椅外侧板为例,采用Auto Form软件对座椅外侧板拉延成形过程进行模拟分析,并根据分析结果预测出拉延过程中的拉裂风险。通过调整零件的圆角半径和修改局部结构,消除了开裂风险,降低了最大减薄率。为取得更好的成形效果,选取压边力、摩擦系数、冲压速度、凸凹模间隙4个重要成形工艺参数进行正交试验及参数优化,得出最优工艺方案为:压边力250 k N、摩擦系数0.13、冲压速度1000 mm·s-1和凸凹模间隙2.42 mm,最终零件的最大减薄率为24.33%,最大增厚率为6.54%。采用优化后方案进行实际拉深试模,得出零件的成形性能与有限元模拟结果一致,工件质量完全符合设计要求。     

汽车后地板工艺参数优化

汽车覆盖件冲压成形过程中,有诸多工艺参数对零件的成形质量有着重要的影响。以某车型后地板为例,采用正交试验的方法研究压边力、冲压速度、模具间隙、摩擦系数4个工艺参数对最大变薄率和最大增厚率的影响大小。试验表明,各因素对目标的影响程度各不相同。对最大变薄率的影响由强到弱依次为摩擦系数、压边力、模具间隙、冲压速度;对最大增厚率来说,压边力影响最大,摩擦系数次之,模具间隙和冲压速度对最大增厚率影响不大。在正交试验的基础上对4个工艺参数进行优化,通过对优化后工艺方案进行有限元模拟可以发现,最大变薄率和最大增厚率都得到了有效控制,并且零件的成形质量较好。     

基于BP人工神经网络的油箱端盖拉深成形仿真预测

以油箱端盖作为分析对象,借助DYNAFORM仿真软件,对油箱端盖的拉深成形过程进行数值模拟,并通过拉深成形试验验证可知,板料最大减薄率与最大增厚率的试验值与模拟值之间的相对误差分别为9.26%与8.32%,验证了有限元模型的正确性。结合正交试验,进行有限元仿真试验的设计,基于BP人工神经网络,对板料的成形质量进行仿真预测。选择冲压速度、模具间隙以及压边力作为输入层,将板料成形的最大减薄率作为输出层,建立了3-11-1的3层BP人工神经网络。通过BP人工神经网络的训练与测试得知:BP人工神经网络仿真预测值与数值模拟值之间的相对误差为2.15%,验证了BP人工神经网络应用于油箱端盖拉深成形质量仿真预测的正确性。     

基于Fastamp和正交试验的汽车门框冲压工艺参数优化

针对某汽车门框冲压工艺复杂、容易出现破裂和起皱的特点,选择对成形质量影响最大的拉延工序进行分析,并基于国产Fastamp软件建立了汽车门框拉延仿真模型。然后,选取压边力、摩擦系数、冲压速度及模具间隙作为正交试验的主要影响因素,建立了4因素4水平的正交试验表。采用综合评分法和极差分析法,获得了最优的工艺参数组合:摩擦系数为0.105,压边力为2400 k N,冲压速度为3000 mm·s^-1,模具间隙为1.5 mm。最后,使用Fastamp对其最大减薄率和最大增厚率进行仿真模拟,在此基础上进行了实际生产验证,最终制件的最大减薄率为20.6%,最大增厚率为7.4%,其成形效果良好、符合质量标准。该方法为提高汽车门框冲压成形质量提供了一种参考。     

汽车后围加强板多目标成形工艺参数优化

针对后围加强板在成形过程中易出现破裂和起皱等问题,采用田口试验法,建立后围加强板最大减薄率和最大增厚率与冲压速度、压边力、模具间隙、摩擦系数和拉延筋阻力系数的五因素四水平田口试验,通过有限元分析软件Dynaform对16组试验进行模拟分析,结果表明压边力对后围加强板成形的减薄率和增厚率贡献最大.利用Design-Exprt软件对田口试验结果进行多目标优化,将最优工艺参数组合在Dynaform中模拟验证.结果表明多目标优化结果与验证结果接近,优化方法效果明显,可为模具设计和生产提供借鉴.     

工艺参数对高强拼焊B柱内板成形性能的影响

高强度拼焊板具有减轻车身重量、节能环保、改善车身安全性能等优点.针对差厚拼焊板冲压成形时,制件局部容易出现破裂、起皱和回弹过大等问题,利用有限元分析软件Dynaform对B340LA高强拼焊板B柱内板成形过程进行模拟,研究了压边力、模具间隙对B柱拼焊板成形的影响规律,并通过实验进行验证.研究结果表明,随着压边力增大,制件减薄率增大,增厚率减小,焊缝移动增大,制件回弹量减小;随着模具间隙增大,减薄率和增厚率都减小,焊缝移动增大,回弹量增大.合理工艺参数为压边力1200 kN,即该压边力为理论计算值的1.03倍,模具单边间隙为板厚的1.1倍.     

基于Dynaform及响应面法的6016铝合金散热壳体冲压成形及优化北大核心CSCD

以6016铝合金散热壳体为研究对象,通过分析零件的成形工艺,确定采用Dynaform软件对零件的拉深成形工艺进行有限元模拟,以零件的最大减薄率为评价其成形质量的指标。基于正交试验设计,研究了压边力、摩擦因数、冲压速度以及模具间隙对零件成形质量的影响规律。基于灰色系统(GS)理论分析出与零件最大减薄率关联度较高的工艺参数,并通过响应面法(RAM)进行中心复合设计(CCD),得到最优的工艺参数组合为:压边力为20.1 kN、摩擦因数为0.16、冲压速度为1500 mm·s^(-1)、模具间隙为1.05 mm,零件最大减薄率为23.029%。将采用该方案制得的实体零件与数值模拟结果进行对比和分析,结果表明数值模拟分析结果具有可靠性,可为散热装置零件的成形提供一定指导。     

基于CAD/CAE的前翼板支架拉延模设计

运用CAE分析软件对前翼板支架成形过程进行了仿真分析，预测了拉延成形过程中的起皱和拉裂等缺陷，模拟分析得出前翼板支架起皱分析图、厚度变化图和成形极限图，并依此来判定其成形效果。运用正交试验法研究了压边力、冲压速度、摩擦因数、模具间隙和拉延筋阻力系数5个工艺参数对成形结果的影响，获得了工艺参数优化组合为：压边力1800 kN、冲压速度2000 mm·s^-1、摩擦因数0.16、模具间隙1.1t、拉延筋阻力系数0.5,优化后产品最大减薄率为20.4%,最大增厚率为7.5%,符合产品要求。利用UG WAVE技术，采用自顶向下的装配建模，快速设计出了前翼板支架拉延模具结构，该技术符合参数化产品设计过程和规则，使模具设计和修改更加便利。最后在试模阶段对前期工艺方案进行了验证，得到的试模结果和仿真分析结果基本保持一致，产品最大减薄率为21.3%,最大增厚率为8.1%,均满足成形要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.