纳米TiO2的表面处理对PET/TiO2复合材料流变特性的影响

采用表面接枝改性的方法对纳米TiO2进行表面修饰,通过熔融共混制得PET/TiO2纳米复合材料,研究了不同表面特性的PET/TiO2复合材料的流变特性。结果表明:加入纳米TiO2的PET体系粘度降低,经表面接枝偶联剂γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲基硅烷(GPS)或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的TiO2对PET粘度的降低程度减弱,当纳米TiO2质量分数大于3%时,粘度趋于稳定。PET/PMMA-TiO2复合体系的粘流活化能最大,温度敏感性强。     

纳米TiO2/PSB复合乳液的制备与性能研究

为了提高丁苯乳液涂膜力学性能,用硅烷偶联剂(KH-570)改性纳米TiO2,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,制备TiO2/聚丁苯(PSB)复合乳液。采用FT-IR、TEM表征TiO2/PSB复合乳液乳胶粒子结构,结果表明合成了以TiO2为核的核壳结构纳米TiO2/PSB乳胶粒子。探讨了纳米TiO2、乳化剂、电解质、引发剂及增稠剂用量、聚合时间与温度、单体配比等对TiO2/PSB复合乳液性能的影响。确立了适宜的聚合工艺条件:纳米TiO2、乳化剂用量分别为总质量的0.5%和3.5%,电解质和引发剂用量为单体质量的0.4%,聚合温度和时间分别为64℃和3.5 h,可制备出高固高黏且性能优良的复合乳液。经纳米TiO2改性的PSB复合乳液涂膜性能较未改性的,在黏度、硬度、耐冲击性、耐洗刷性、附着力及耐水性等方面均有明显改善。     

纳米SiO_2对PET熔体的增稠作用及改进方法

研究了分散剂种类、纳米SiO2添加量、微观结构、以及PEG的添加对PET特性黏数的影响。结果表明:纳米SiO2对聚合物熔体具有增稠作用,随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,PET的特性黏数下降;且具有多孔结构的纳米SiO2对PET熔体的增稠作用显著;分散剂的种类对合成PET/纳米SiO2复合物的分子量亦有一定影响,采用A1230时其分子质量最大;添加PEG共聚后,纳米复合材料的特性黏数可相应提高。     

2,2-双(2-(口恶)唑啉)与苯酐联用改性回收PET的动态热性能研究

以扩链剂2,2-双(2-(口恶)唑啉)(BOZ)与苯酐(PA)联用改性回收PET,系统地考察了增黏改性后回收PET动态流变性能和动态力学性能的影响.结果表明,BOZ与PA联用的改性效果明显优于单用BOZ改性回收PET体系;但因扩链剂的加入,在PET分子链中引入的柔性链段而导致聚合物弹性模量下降.     

PI/TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其热稳定性

PI可与无机纳米微粒复合生成性能更加优良的复合膜材料.对以PI为基料、纳米TiO2微粒为添加物制成的PI/TiO2膜进行了研究,考察纳米粒子的用量及固化工艺对PI/TiO2膜热稳定性能的影响.实验结果表明,随着TiO2含量的增加,PAA/TiO2贮存时间变短,而固化后PI/TiO2膜的热稳定性能提高.采用阶梯升温固化,固化温度为310℃时,得到的PI/TiO2膜热稳定性能较好.     

PET/纳米TiO2复合材料的结晶性能

采用光学解偏振、DSC等研究了原位聚合法制备的PET／纳米TiO2复合材料的结晶行为。结果表明：添加了锐钛型纳米TiO2之后，PET的最大晶体生长速率出现的温度有所降低，纳米TiO2对PET的结晶起到了异相成核的作用；加入锐钛型纳米TiO2时，如果添加量较少，PET纳米TiO2复合材料的结晶度升高、成核作用较明显；随着TiO2用量的增加，结晶度呈下降趋势，而加入2％的金红石型纳米TiO2对PET结晶具有良好的促进作用。     

纳米TiO2对PET结晶行为、流变和力学性能的影响

通过二阶熔融共混法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)／纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)复合材料，并使用TEM对纳米TiO2在基体中的分散状态进行了观察。研究了纳米TiO2对PET的结晶行为、流变与力学性能的影响。发现纳米TiO2粒子在PET基体树脂中起到了成核剂的作用，明显提高了基体树脂结晶温度、结晶速率，并使材料的DSC曲线形状发生显著变化，出现熔融双峰。纳米TiO2的加入明显降低了PET的熔体粘度。并且发现在较低和较高剪切速率区，PET／纳米TiO2体系粘度随剪切速率的变化趋于平缓；而在中等剪切速率区，其流动行为表现出假塑性流体特性。纳米TiO2对PET有明显的增强增韧作用，加入3％可使材料的拉伸和断裂强度提高25％；加入1％可使材料缺口冲击强度提高10％。     

纳米二氧化钛接枝PMMA/PBMA共聚物的表面改性

以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)对纳米TiO2进行包覆,然后再将纤维素与甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯(MMA/BMA)进行接枝共聚合,对纳米TiO2的进行表面修饰,对复合粒子进行了表征并观察了粒子的形貌.分析表明在纳米TiO2粒子的表面接枝上了MMA/BMA的共聚物;经过处理的纳米粒子的表面均匀地包覆了一层聚合物;改性后的复合纳米粒子TiO2/HPMC-g-PMMA/PBMA的热分解温度比复合物HPMC-g-PMMA/PBMA的热分解温度高56.9 K.     

PET/纳米SiO2复合材料发泡行为和光学性能

为研究纳米二氧化硅(Si O₂)和基体黏度对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)复合材料发泡行为和光学性能的影响,选择两种不同黏度的PET为基体(PET2比PET1黏度高),与不同质量分数的Si O₂复合制备PET/Si O₂复合材料,然后利用CO₂釜压发泡制备PET/Si O₂复合发泡材料。首先,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了Si O₂和基体黏度对PET/Si O₂复合发泡材料泡孔结构的影响;其次,研究了Si O₂和基体黏度对PET/Si O₂复合材料发泡温度窗口的影响;最后,研究了Si O₂和基体黏度对PET/Si O₂复合发泡材料光反射性能的影响。结果显示,随着Si O₂含量增加,PET/Si O₂发泡材料泡孔尺寸变小,泡孔密度变大。相较于PET1/Si O₂体系,PET2/Si ...     

TiO_2/PVA杂化膜的渗透蒸发性能及结构表征

通过纳米TiO2粒子填充改性制备了新型TiO2/PVA杂化膜。红外光谱表明纳米TiO2表面的羟基与聚乙烯醇(PVA)链上的羟基存在较强的氢键作用。扫描电镜显示当TiO2的质量分数低于1.5%时,在PVA中分散均匀。X射线衍射显示纳米TiO2的加入降低了膜的结晶度。通过对含水质量分数低于20%的水/乙醇体系的脱水研究了该杂化膜的渗透性能,考察了TiO2粒子填充量、料液质量分数和温度与膜分离性能之间的关系。渗透通量J随着TiO2、水质量分数和温度的升高而增加,分离因子随着温度和水质量分数的升高而下降,在TiO2质量分数为1.5%时分离因子达到最佳值。40℃下分离质量分数85%的乙醇水溶液,分离因子可达1 590,渗透通量为0.049kg/(m2.h)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.