PHEMA多孔微球和微囊的制备及生物医药应用进展

综述了聚甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(PHEMA)多孔微球和微囊的研究及应用进展,重点介绍了PHEMA多孔微球和微囊的制备方法及其在生物吸附和药物载体方面的应用成果,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

生物可降解聚合物纳米微囊微球的制备与应用

对生物可降解聚合物纳米微囊微球的特点、分类、选材、制备、释放机理、应用等各方面进行了系统的阐述。     

单分散油包水乳液制备的研究进展

单分散油包水(W/O)乳液在食品、化妆品、药剂以及高分子微球微囊合成等方面具有广泛的应用。该文综述了近年来单分散W/O乳液的主要制备方法及其基本原理,此外还简要介绍了其在单分散温敏性微球微囊和可生物降解微球微囊合成方面的应用,以期为单分散W/O乳液的制备提供参考。     

微囊化载药高分子微球制备方法研究进展

本文综述了各种微囊化制备微球的方法和原理，并对微囊化微球技术的研究最新进展及其在纳米微球，磁性高分子微球、智能微球制备上的应用作了介绍。     

液芯微囊的制备及其应用研究进展

近几年来,聚合物微囊被广泛应用于各行业中,其中液芯微囊因为其具有一般固体微球所不具备的特性,在食品行业,医药行业,纺织行业等进行了大量尝试与应用。本文旨在对液芯微囊的制备及其应用进行全面的阐述。目前有很多制备确切性质的聚合物微囊方法,包括胶体微囊制备法,聚合物沉淀相分离法,表面缩聚法,层-层聚电解质组装微囊,表面聚合共聚物微球,聚合物囊泡等方法。本文同时阐述了不同方法所制备微囊所具有的优缺点,以及使用不同方法制备的微囊在不同领域的应用。     

草莓型聚合物微囊的制备及表征

通过蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备的聚α-甲基丙烯酸核微球与St?ber法合成修饰氨基的二氧化硅冠微球,两者自组装得到草莓型核-冠微球。并以此为模板,制备草莓型聚合物微囊。通过傅里叶红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱研究了复合微球形成机理,通过透射电子显微镜分析了不同含量交联剂对聚合物微囊壁厚的影响。结果表明:复合微球形成机理是COO~-与NH_3~+间的静电作用;DVB加入量0.5 mL时,草莓型聚合物微囊壳层厚度及凸起明显度最为恰当。     

基于纤维素模板的聚合物空心微球作为药物载体的性能研究及分析

以羟丙基纤维素为模板材料,分别采用不同的聚合方法制备了2种不同形态和结构的聚合物空心微球--聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-聚丙烯酸(PNIPAm-co-PAA)微凝胶和聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-聚丙烯酸(PNIPAm-PAA)水凝胶微囊。以盐酸阿霉素(Dox)作为模型药物,考察了聚合物空心微球作为药物载体的载药能力和体外释放性能。研究表明,PNIPAm-co-PAA微凝胶、PNIPAm-PAA水凝胶微囊和Dox分子能够通过正负电荷的相互吸引实现有效结合;载药微球具有良好的缓释性能,并对Dox的释放表现出明显的pH值敏感性和温度敏感性。体外细胞毒性实验表明,载药PNIPAm-co-PAA微凝胶、PNIPAm-PAA水凝胶微囊具有很高的抗肿瘤活性,细胞相对存活率均可达20%左右。PNIPAm-co-PAA微凝胶、PNIPAm-PAA水凝胶微囊在作为水溶性药物或蛋白类药物载体方面,具有潜在的应用价值,同时有望应用于木材胶黏剂防腐等。     

灵芝孢子油微囊的制备工艺研究

为了提高灵芝孢子油的稳定性,本实验以灵芝孢子油为芯材,明胶和阿拉伯胶为囊材,通过复凝聚法制备灵芝孢子油微囊,采用单因素以及正交试验,研究囊材质量浓度、芯壁比、复凝聚pH值、固化剂用量等对灵芝孢子油微囊包埋率的影响。制备灵芝孢子油微囊的最佳工艺条件为囊材质量浓度3%、芯壁比1:3、成囊pH为3.8、固化剂用量2 mL,在此条件下制备的灵芝孢子油微囊的包埋率为94.32%,具有良好的包埋效果。为本类药物微囊的制备提供一定的参考。     

2%阿维菌素·四氯虫酰胺微囊悬浮剂制备及性能

[目的]通过复凝聚法制备复配微囊悬浮剂，提升杀虫活性，并依靠天然可降解囊材的优势减轻环境污染。[方法]试验以阿维菌素、四氯虫酰胺为研究对象，选取明胶、阿拉伯胶为壁材，采用复凝聚法制备2%阿维菌素·四氯虫酰胺微囊悬浮剂，通过HPLC法确定其包埋率，并对复配微囊悬浮剂的释放机制进行探讨。[结果]以4%SC-3作为乳化剂，3%SP-SC-2728为分散剂，0.2%黄原胶和0.3%硅酸镁铝作为混合增稠剂，以1%明胶∶1%阿拉伯胶=1∶1为壁材，制备的微囊包埋率达100%，微囊悬浮率高，稳定性好，同时能显著降低紫外照射对原药的降解，微囊以Fick扩散和壁材骨架溶蚀2种机制进行药物释放。[结论]微囊悬浮剂缓释效果显著，同时降低了对斑马鱼的急性毒性。     

复相乳化法制备海藻酸钙微球及其释放行为

采用复相乳化法制备了载牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的海藻酸钙微球,通过正交实验和单因素分析,以BSA包埋率、微球的载药率和平均粒径为考察指标,优化了该方法的制备参数,使最终制备的微球平均粒径小于10 mm,球形度较好,包埋率约70%,载药率达4%. 随着海藻酸钠质量分数的降低和BSA质量的增大,微球的包埋率下降、载药率升高、平均粒径减小. 微囊化BSA的体外释放曲线表明,该系统存在pH响应特性,尤其在磷酸缓冲液中,被包埋BSA的释放速率较快. 电泳结果表明,BSA的分子结构并未受制备过程的影响. 因此,该微囊化方法有望用于蛋白类药物的控释制剂,使其免受胃酸等的破坏,达到肠部释药的目的.     

Pickering乳液法制备复合壳层微胶囊及其在涂料中的应用

以水包油（O/W）型 Pickering乳液为模板，经 UV光聚合法制备复合壳层中空微胶囊，探究了乳化剂纳米粒子的加入方式、粒径和光敏低聚物 PUA对微胶囊壳层的影响，并将微胶囊加入到树脂涂层中，探究微胶囊作为填料对涂层基本性能的影响。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、光学显微镜、热重等仪器对微胶囊结构进行表征，并对涂层性能进行了测试。结果表明：乳化剂 SiO₂-E纳米粒子加入到油相中制备得到的中空微球表面镶嵌有 SiO₂-E纳米粒子；乳化剂纳米粒子粒径的增加，影响中空微球的形貌但对尺寸无影响；当 PUA的质量分数从 10%增加到 30%时，中空微胶囊表面分布的纳米粒子减少，断裂伸长率从 11. 1%增加至 34. 5%，而最大拉伸应力从 21. 5 MPa降低至12. 1 MPa。中空微胶囊加入到涂料中，随中空微胶囊含量的增加，涂层的铅笔硬度提高且附着力良好。     

Structure and mechanical properties of polylactide copolymer microspheres and capsules

Polylactide homopolymers, polylactide and poly(ethylene oxide) diblock and triblock copolymers are used to prepare spherical microparticles by using the single oil-in-water emulsion and solvent evaporation technique. We are able to create both bulk and hollow microspheres by altering the conditions of preparation. The experiments are carried out at two fixed temperatures of 15 and 22 °C. We show, from scanning electron microscopy data, that the microspheres produced from the homopolymers are bulk and homogeneous at both temperatures whereas they are hollow when the triblock copolymers are used. The diblock copolymers yield bulk microspheres at 15 °C and microcapsules at 22 °C. Compression experiments emphasize once more the inner morphology of the spheres. As it is expected, bulk microspheres have higher Young’s modulus than the microcapsules. Nevertheless, comparative compression analysis of both morphologies shows that the microcapsules retain relatively high compressive moduli. These results have implications for the design of rigid and biodegradable microcapsules.     

Microspheres and microcapsules: A survey of manufacturing techniques. Part 1: Suspension cross-linking

A methodological survey of preparation of microspheres and microcapsules by suspension cross-linking is presented. Thus, basic features of suspension cross-linking, i.e., the formation of small droplets of a polymer solution (or melt) in an immiscible liquid followed by hardening of these droplets by covalent cross-linking, are discussed. Typical microspherical and microcapsular products manufactured by suspension cross-linking of naturally occurring and preformed synthetic polymers, including agarose and cellulose beads, albumin microspheres and microcapsules, polystyrene beads and epoxy resin microcapsules, are described. Manufacturing parameters controlling microsphere/microcapsule characteristics are also briefly outlined.     

十八烷/PSt相变微胶囊的制备及其热性能研究

细乳液法制备了十八烷/聚苯乙烯(PSt)相变微胶囊,用TEM、DLS和DSC等对微胶囊进行了表征。研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的加入量、亲水性单体丙烯酸的加入量、引发剂类型以及苯乙烯与十八烷的加料比对产物形态的影响。研究表明:低的SDS浓度有利于微胶囊结构的形成,产物粒子的平均粒径随SDS加入量的增大而减小;加入亲水性共聚单体丙烯酸可以改善微胶囊的形态,但产物中PSt均相微球增多;使用油溶性引发剂AIBN比使用KPS更加有利于微胶囊的形成;苯乙烯与十八烷的投料比为1∶1时,制备的微胶囊相变焓为111.6 J/g。     

乳化法制备海藻酸钙/聚组氮酸微胶囊

采用乳化法制备海藻酸钙微球及海藻酸钙/聚组氨酸载药微胶囊,并考察不同海藻酸钠浓度、氯化钙浓度对微球表面形态、粒径分布、载药性能及微胶囊控制释放性能的影响。结果表明海藻酸钠浓度主要影响微球的粒径大小,氯化钙浓度主要影响微球的分散程度及粒径分布,微球载药量均随海藻酸钠浓度及氯化钙浓度的增加而减小,所制备的微胶囊均无明显的突释现象。     

肠靶向海藻酸钙基微胶囊的制备及控释性能研究

利用毛细管共挤出技术结合静电吸附和仿生硅化的方法,制备了海藻酸钙-壳聚糖/精蛋白/二氧化硅(ACPSi)复合微胶囊。ACPSi复合微胶囊的平均粒径约3.18 mm,单分散性好,囊壁最外层的二氧化硅层可抑制其在肠液pH环境中的溶胀,增强囊的机械稳定性。将羟丙甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP)肠溶微球作为释药“微阀门”,嵌入囊壁可以更好地控制微胶囊的释药行为。以吲哚美辛为模型药物,当药物浓度为22.5 mg/ml时,ACPSi载药微胶囊在pH 2.5模拟胃液中3 h时累计释药率仅为0.33%,而转移至pH 6.8模拟肠液中19 h时累计释药率为77.78%;囊壁嵌入HPMCP微球后,22 h时累计释药率可提高约4%。因此,该复合微胶囊具有良好的肠靶向作用和控释特性,作为口服肠靶向缓控释制剂具有良好的应用前景。     

MEMBRANE EMULSIFICATION SYSTEMS

Microcapsules (or microspheres) with small size and narrow size distribution have potential applications as carriers of proteins and polypeptides. However the conventional preparation methods severely limit their real applications. Membrane emulsification technology may become a new preparation method of microcapsules with monodisperse droplets, mild conditions, good stability, low energy consumption and easy to realize mass production. In this paper, studies on membrane emulsification systems and the possible existing problems are summarized, and primary attempts on preparing alginate/chitosan microcapsules are conducted.     

Synthesis of restorative microcapsules having vinyl ester healing medicine for hybrid resin/modified carbon fiber self-healing composites

In this study, we aimed to synthesize restorative microcapsules using aminopropyl triethoxy silane through a combination of both microemulsions with a sol–gel technique and vinyl ester resin used as a healing component. The characteristic features of the microcapsules were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM and confirmed by the formation of core-shell microspheres with desired properties. The fabricated core-shell microspheres were reinforced into a hybrid resin (vinyl ester (80): epoxy (20)/silane modified carbon fiber composites) using the hand lay-up method. The effect of the microspheres on the mechanical and self-healing properties of composites was investigated. The mechanical test results showed a significant improvement in the flexural and impact strength by approximately 23% and 30%, respectively. The healing property was observed using the flexural test and the results indicated that the recovered strength almost 74% of the composites after initial damage was due to the healing medicine released from the broken portion of the core-shell microspheres that filled and cured the cracked area of the composites.     

药库型微型胶囊囊材研究进展

微包囊、微球作为一种新的药物释放体系,具有极大的发展潜力.药物载体是药物释放体系的重要组成部分,也是影响药效的主要因素.磁性微球、纳米胶囊的出现对囊材与载体材料的研究提出了新的要求.对药库型微型胶囊囊材与载体材料的研究现状与发展趋势进行了综述.