基于AT89C52单片机多超声信号融合系统设计

本文设计并实现了一种多超声信号融合处理系统,主要用于移动机器人超声测距导航。系统针对超声回波信号的特点,使用AT89C52单片机对来自多个超声波传感器的微弱回波信号进行数字处理,并通过RS-232串行口与主机实现通讯。利用该系统,可以完成超声波信号的精确提取及多传感器信息的融合处理,为移动机器人在未知环境下的快速导航奠定了基础。     

基于超声检测的新型二元混合气体传感器

目前,国内气体浓度流量传感器存在混合气体的浓度、流量计量准确度低的问题。为解决该问题,在深入研究超声波气体流量计测量原理的基础上,准确分析了超声波计量二元混合气体浓度、流量的影响因子,提出了一种基于超声检测的新型二元混合气体传感器设计方案。以TMS320VC5402 DSP作为控制芯片,简化了硬件设计,提高了数据处理能力。采用信号有效范围检验方法,利用高精度A/D采集超声波回波信号,并运用拉伊达准则去除信号噪声。基于能量阈值法的基峰确定过零检测方法,可准确检测超声波过零点,精确计算超声波传播时间。结合理想气体状态方程等理论,计算、分析了二元混合气体浓度和流量。给出了新型二元混合气体传感器及实施方案,并对氧气、氮气组成的二元混合气体进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,该设计方案的浓度误差小于1%,流量误差小于1.2%。     

超声波可变阈值测距装置

介绍了一种高精度机器人超声波接近觉传感器。对提高测量精度的关键技术进行了分析研究。通过对回波信号进行多级放大和增益自动补偿，保证了对微弱信号进行充分放大。采用峰值检测和自适应可变阈值检测相结合来判断回波到时刻，可以保证大范围内的检测精度。另外，用模拟开关电路消除直达波对回波信号的影响。     

超声信号的非线性行为及应用

超声波检测技术广泛地应用于材料与设备的无损检测中.而表征材料与设备性能和缺陷信息的超声回波信号由于与传输介质、缺陷相互作用,再加上各信道中不同种类的噪声介入,变得非常复杂.充分理解和认识超声信号中的非线性行为,对材料和缺陷检测与评估有重要意义.本文以海底管道检测为背景,以缺陷的脉冲超声回波信号为研究对象,通过替代数据法和统计特征量方法,从时域的角度检验了超声信号中的非线性行为特性.通过大量的试验数据分析表明,超声信号中存在明显的非线性行为,而且这种非线性不是由测量过程中测量函数引起,而是由系统本身产生的,即由超声波与目标体相互作用而产生.论文还就超声信号中蕴涵的非线性特征的应用和前景进行了分析和展望.为更深入地认识和利用这些超声信号提供了一种手段.     

大作用距离超声波传感技术研究

研制了谐振频率为24.5 kHz的新型气介超声测距传感器,其作用距离超过了32 m.该传感器是由径向-厚度耦合谐振模式的超声波换能器、推挽变换器和具有高信噪比的时间-增益可变接收器所组成的.其中,作为超声波发送器的推挽变换器能够为阻抗为475 Ω的换能器负载提供峰-峰值超过400 V的交变电压.建立了基于NI 6024E数据采集控制卡和PC机的超声波测距平台,采用超声波发送信号与回波信号的包络相关来估计声波的射程时间,提高了超声波测距系统的鲁棒性.     

矿仓料位自动监测控制系统

本文介绍一种矿仓料位自动监测控制系统,该系统提出了采用多点红外探头监测固体堆集图像构成检测法进行料仓自动监测;采用多点、多方向超声回波堆集估算检测法来实现粉料仓自动监测。采用ST-H超声波传感器作为粉矿仓料位检测传感器,传感器将测得的数据传送给主控制器,通过超声回波堆集算法控制运行设备,实现粉料矿仓自动监测控制。该矿仓料位自动监测控制系统也可以应用于其它企业。     

超声谐振器在传感器测距中应用分析

设计一种超声谐振器,旨在解决超声传感器远程测距中因超声波能量分散和衰减过快导致的回波信号难以识别问题。首先,根据声学理论分析了超声谐振器可以通过改善阻抗匹配提高其辐射效率;再利用Bessel函数分析了超声谐振器影响声源指向性的重要设计参数,通过改变声源频率、谐振器开口面积等设计参数可以使指向性尖锐,能量更集中。Matlab仿真计算与相应的实验均证明了理论分析的正确性和优化谐振器设计参数对提高超声探测距离的有效性与可控性。     

基于k-wave超声场时域仿真研究

超声场仿真研究在工业超声探伤领域一直起到举足轻重的作用。本文采用脉冲超声波检测原理,建立仿真平台,利用k-wave工具箱对超声场进行了时域仿真研究,针对声场在圆柱体工件内部的传播情况,并利用声学传感器接收到的回波信号,采用插值重构模型,对工件内部超声场分布做了重构研究和可视化实现,为实际工业生产奠定了理论基础。     

空气耦合超声无损检测系统电路设计

为了提高空气耦合超声无损检测系统的能量转换效率,设计了匹配的硬件电路。结果表明:发射电路信号电压达到600 V,接收电路将回波信号放大79. 43 d B,滤波电路可接收频率0. 5～1. 5 MHz的超声波。不仅满足了发射电路的电压要求,有效解决空气耦合中回波信号弱的问题,还实现了对回波中噪声信号的削减,达到了降噪的效果。     

基于全相位FFT超声波流量计的相位检测方法研究

针对传统相位差法超声流量计在相位测量中易受外界干扰、准确度低的问题,提出了一种基于全相位快速傅立叶变换算法的超声波流量计相位检测方法。该方法由PLL时钟发生器产生两个频率相近的正弦信号分别用于激励与混频,并通过差频技术将混频后的参考信号与回波目标信号的相位信息从高频处理为低频信号,再由16位ADC对信号同步采样。超声波采样信号通过全相位预处理后进行FFT计算,得到准确的相位结果。同时,对比分析了全相位FFT的抗干扰性和采样频率对相位测量精度的影响,并将设计的电路应用于超声波液体流量测量,最终实验结果表明超声波流量计样机的测量误差优于1%,测量量程比为160：1。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.