滇中有色制酸尾气氨法脱硫生产实践

介绍了氨法脱硫工艺原理、工艺流程和工艺难点,针对冶炼烟气制酸装置停复产初期或生产波动性大的情况下存在SO2、硫酸雾、颗粒物等污染物指标控制不稳定的问题,采用两段氨法脱硫+电除雾器尾气处理工艺,持续优化生产操作方法,有效控制了尾气达标排放,实现了生产装置的连续稳定运行.     

氨法烟气脱硫工艺分析

介绍了氨法烟气脱硫技术的装置、原理和工艺流程,对存在的问题进行了分析,采取了处理措施,使氨法脱硫装置平稳生产,尾气排放达到了国家的相关标准。     

臭氧在酸性尾气氨法脱硫中的应用

经过对二级克劳斯+氨法脱硫工艺处理硫化氢尾气装置中存在的问题分析,提出在脱硫塔前的烟气之中投加臭氧气体,氧化尾气焚烧炉后的尾气中残留的低价硫化物,解决了影响氨法脱硫装置运行中发生的硫磺堵塞问题,稳定了装置的运行。     

硫磺制酸尾气氨法脱硫系统的运行实践与技术改造

介绍了硫磺制酸装置尾气湿式氨法脱硫系统的设计条件、基本原理、工艺流程、主要生产设备和运行情况。针对生产中出现的一系列问题进行了详细分析,提出相应的改造方案进行改造。实践证明,改造后的氨法脱硫系统能长周期稳定运行。     

硫磺制酸尾气氨法脱硫运行实践

介绍了威顿公司2套硫磺制酸尾气氨法脱硫装置的工艺流程、工艺原理、设计指标,分析了氨法脱硫装置运行情况和存在的问题,并阐述了针对各项问题采取的改进措施,以确保硫酸尾气中SO_2浓度达到GB 26132-2010要求的排放限值,且提高脱硫产生的硫酸铵溶液浓度。但脱硫效率和排放尾气中的氨逃逸量仍未达到理想效果。     

氨法回收硫酸尾气生产液体亚硫酸氢铵和固体亚硫酸铵

介绍了铜陵市铜官山化工有限公司氨法回收硫酸尾气生产液体亚硫酸氢铵和固体亚硫酸铵的新工艺,以及2套150 kt/a硫酸装置氨法尾吸系统的设备配置及运行参数。采用氨法吸收生产液体亚硫酸氢铵和固体亚硫酸铵工艺后,既减少了尾气排放,又生产出高品质的液体亚硫酸氢铵和固体亚硫酸铵产品,环境效益与经济效益俱佳。     

低浓度H_2S酸性气硫回收系统改造总结

介绍200 kt/a煤制甲醇项目采用Clinsulf直接氧化工艺硫回收装置的工艺情况,针对系统经多次改造仍存在的尾气排放不达标、设备与管线易堵塞等问题,决定采用尾气焚烧装置替代尾气洗涤系统,焚烧后的尾气再入烟气氨法脱硫装置进行处理。改造后,系统硫回收率达到98.8%,尾气实现达标排放,并提高了烟气氨法脱硫装置硫酸铵的产量,实现了硫回收装置的长周期、满负荷、稳定运行,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

氢回收工程的改造与投运

合成氨生产过程排放的尾气通过氨回收及其配套的氢回收装置回收其中的氨及氢气,解决投运过程中存在的问题,使尾气再进一步回收,取得环保、经济效益双丰收。     

氨法脱硫技术在硫回收系统中的应用

兖矿国泰化工有限公司300 kt/a甲醇系统采用四喷嘴新型气化炉制气,NHD脱硫,脱硫富液再生后产生的H2S气体经克劳斯硫回收装置生产硫磺产品.硫回收装置的硫回收系统运行情况较好,但尾气加氢反应系统、尾气洗涤系统等运行不稳定（尾气加氢炉经常出现积炭、炉壁烧穿等情况,尾气焚烧炉检修频繁）,导致排放尾气中SO2含量高（1300～2600 mg/m3）,不能够实现达标排放,环保压力较大.为此,公司通过对改造硫回收装置尾气系统与新建尾气氨法脱硫装置进行比选,决定新建氨法脱硫装置以脱除硫回收尾气中的SO2,实现硫回收尾气的达标排放.     

WSA湿法制酸装置尾气氨法脱硫实践

介绍了氨法脱硫的工艺原理和工艺流程,详述了主要设备、工序、运行情况及注意事项,为解决运行中硫铵晶浆液腐蚀、冲刷设备和管道的问题,对设备和管道材质进行了优化,投用后装置运行稳定,尾气SO2和酸雾达标排放,对WSA湿法制酸装置尾气氨法脱硫设计和运行具有指导意义。     

基于流程拓扑信息的统计过程监测方法

传统数据驱动的过程监测方法主要基于历史数据和统计学知识建立,往往忽视了对过程机理的考虑。基于预测残差的过程监测方法则通过数据驱动的回归模型实现对局部过程机理的近似,在预测残差的基础上建立监测模型实现了对过程偏离更好的识别。但其建立回归模型实现对局部过程机理的近似时主要基于数据,很少考虑具体流程信息。作为流程信息的一种表现形式,流程拓扑结构常被用来提取变量间的进程与因果关系,如果在建立回归模型时结合流程的拓扑结构,则可使得所建立的回归模型中包含一定的流程信息,使其对局部机理的近似更为准确。基于此,本文提出一种基于流程拓扑信息的统计过程监测方法。该方法利用流程的拓扑结构,提取变量间的进程与因果关系,建立回归模型实现对局部过程机理的近似。在此基础上建立基于预测残差的过程监测模型,实现对过程偏离的监测。该方法被应用于某连续重整装置的过程监测中,结果表明其监测效果要优于基于主元分析和基于预测残差的过程监测方法。     

钽铌湿法冶金技术概况及发展趋势探讨

介绍了钽铌湿法冶金技术的发展概况和现状。根据分解介质的不同,钽铌湿法治金技术可分为碱熔融法、酸法和氯化法,碱熔融法可分为钠碱熔融法和钾碱熔融法,酸法主要有氢氟酸法和硫酸法。分别介绍了以上各方法的工艺路线,并对其优缺点进行了分析。针对现行氢氟酸工艺存在严重氟污染和对低品位钽铌矿分解率低的问题,依据清洁冶金原理,提出了钽铌亚熔盐清洁冶金新工艺,从生产源头消除了氟污染,可实现钽铌资源的高效清洁利用,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于长短时记忆神经网络和支持向量数据描述的间歇过程监测方法

间歇过程操作是化工过程中的一种重要生产方式.与连续过程不同,间歇生产不是在一个稳定的工作状态运行,而是根据设定的原料比例、操作条件所对应的操作轨迹运行.因此间歇过程数据具有多阶段性、动态时变性和非线性等特性,传统的监测方法难以应用于对间歇过程生产运行状态的监测.为了解决这个问题,提出了一种新的间歇过程监测策略.首先基于...     

A new superstructure optimization paradigm for process synthesis with product distribution optimization: Application to an integrated shale gas processing and chemical manufacturing process

We propose a novel process synthesis framework that combines product distribution optimization of chemical reactions and superstructure optimization of the process flowsheet. A superstructure with a set of technology/process alternatives is first developed. Next, the product distributions of the involved chemical reactions are optimized to maximize the profits of the effluent products. Extensive process simulations are then performed to collect high‐fidelity process data tailored to the optimal product distributions. Based on the simulation results, a superstructure optimization model is formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear program (MINLP) to determine the optimal process design. A tailored global optimization algorithm is used to efficiently solve the large‐scale nonconvex MINLP problem. The resulting optimal process design is further validated by a whole‐process simulation. The proposed framework is applied to a comprehensive superstructure of an integrated shale gas processing and chemical manufacturing process, which involves steam cracking of ethane, propane, n‐butane, and i‐butane. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 123–143, 2018     

Ethanol from corn: a technical and economical assessment based on different scenarios

A dry-grind ethanol from corn process analysis is performed. After defining a complete model of the process, a pinch technology analysis is carried out to optimise energy and water demands. The so-defined base case is then discussed in terms of production costs and process profitability. A detailed sensitivity analysis on the most important process and financial variables is carried out. The possibility to adopt different alternatives for heat and power generation combined to the process is evaluated.     

基于奇异值识别的模式切换过程递归PCA监控

常规的PCA方法难于对发生模式变化的过程参数进行监控,为此,本文提出了一种基于奇异值识别递归PCA技术,用于解决多模式切换过程的监控问题。首先建立了在线奇异值识别算法,通过识别奇异值的变化可以准确判断过程发生模式切换的时间,然后采用递归PCA对过程的模式切换过渡阶段进行监控。将TE过程用于实例研究,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

Process operating performance optimality assessment with coexistence of quantitative and qualitative information

When the process is working normally, process operating performance optimality assessment makes a further judgment on how well the process is running currently. Sustained optimal process operating performance guarantees the greatest economic benefits. However, the operating performance may deteriorate from the optimal status due to the production condition shifts. It is crucial to accomplish operating performance optimality assessment strategies for a deeper understanding of the process status. A Dynamic Causality Diagram (DCD) explicitly and intuitively describes the causal correlations between variables. However, an actual process has both quantitative and qualitative measurements, which makes the conventional DCD imprecise or even invalid. To handle the above problems, a modified DCD is proposed to assess a complicated process with coexistence of quantitative and qualitative information. An operating performance optimality assessing strategy based on the proposed DCD is then established. The proposed method is successfully applied to a gold hydrometallurgy process, and the operating performance optimality assessment result is satisfied.     

EXPERIENCES WITH THE BRILLINGER SPECTRAL ESTIMATOR APPLIED TO SIMULATED IRREGULARLY OBSERVED PROCESSES

Abstract. Shannon interpolation is used to assign values from a readily simulated discrete time process to the times of a point process, simulated by Ogata's thinning technique. The result is a set of unequally spaced samples from a hypothetical continuous time process with spectrum equal to that of the discrete time process for frequencies |ω| ≤π/Δ and identically equal to zero for |ω| > π/Δ, where Δ is the discrete time step. The spectra are theoretically known both for the sampled process and for the sampling point process. We calculate Brillinger spectral estimates for examples of a process with autoregressive spectrum, sampled at the times of a Hawkes Self Exciting Point Process. The success of the Brillinger estimator is demonstrated but it is shown to have an inherently high variance. An approximate confidence interval is discussed.     

Equation oriented method for Rectisol wash modeling and analysis☆

Rectisol process is more efficient in comparison with other physical or chemical absorption methods for gas pu-rification. To implement a real time simulation of Rectisol process, thermodynamic model and simulation strat-egy are needed. In this paper, a method of modified statistical associated fluid theory with perturbation theory is used to predict thermodynamic behavior of process. As Rectisol process is a highly heat-integrated process with many loops, a method of equation oriented strategy, sequential quadratic programming, is used as the solver and the process converges perfectly. Then analyses are conducted with this simulator.     

热力学中可逆过程的教学设计

可逆过程是热力学中最重要的概念之一。通过图表的形式,以1 mol理想气体等温膨胀、压缩过程为例子,通过准静态过程、一次等外压膨胀压缩中功、热以及系统总的热力学能改变的数量直观地讲授了＂系统完成一个循环后,系统和环境留都完全复原,没有留下任何影响,这种过程称为可逆过程。否则就是不可逆过程＂这一重要概念,完成可逆过程的教学设计。