H13钢表面熔覆工艺的研究

采用10 kW的CO2激光器在H13钢基体上熔覆一层镍基粉末,研究了激光加工工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度等)对熔覆层组织、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,该镍基涂层和基体形成了良好的冶金结合,硬度和耐磨性能有了明显提高.最佳工艺参数为:激光功率2 kW,扫描速度200～300 mm/min.     

镍基碳化钨合金粉末激光熔覆工艺的研究

采用同步送粉方式在16Mn钢表面熔覆镍基碳化钨合金粉末.通过对不同激光熔覆工艺参数下的宏观形貌以及微观组织进行研究分析,较详细地探讨激光熔覆功率以及扫描速度对熔覆层熔覆质量的影响.通过对不同工艺参数下的熔覆层进行显微组织分析以及EDS能谱分析,对熔覆层微观组织种类、分布以及碳化钨硬质相组织分布不均匀性进行研究,总结出激光工艺参数对熔覆层的影响规律.最后得出镍基粉末+30％碳化钨(钴包WC)粉末在功率3.0kW、熔覆速度1000 mm/min的工艺参数下为最佳熔覆效果.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆钴基合金层的组织及力学性能

在TC4钛合金表面利用激光熔覆Co基合金粉末涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和洛氏硬度计研究涂层的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明:当扫描速度固定为400 mm/s,激光功率为1.3、1.5、1.7 k W熔覆时,涂层与基体之间都实现了冶金结合。其中,激光功率为1.5 k W时熔覆效果最好,熔覆层内组织均匀致密无气孔和裂纹等缺陷。激光功率为1.3 k W时,熔覆层内出现了裂纹。当激光功率固定为1.5 k W,扫描速度为300、350、400 mm/s时,熔覆层和基体的结合情况良好,熔覆层内组织均匀致密无缺陷。随着激光功率和扫描速度的增大,涂层表面硬度呈减小的趋势,但都高于TC4基体硬度的两倍左右,表明在TC4表面激光熔覆Co基合金粉末涂层可以显著提高其硬度。     

激光熔覆制备楔块高硬度层的工艺方法研究

为获得表面高硬度层及冶金结合,分别以铸铁和普通碳钢为基体,以含WC的镍基合金粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆技术制备了大面积的熔覆层。测试了熔覆层、结合处以及基体的硬度,并采用扫描电镜、能谱仪对熔覆层进行了微观组织分析。结果表明,以铸铁为基体不易制得良好的熔覆层,而以45钢为基体时,在激光功率1200~2000W之间,扫描速度在2 mm/s左右时能获得质量良好的熔覆层。熔覆层表面硬度高达1100 HV以上,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,熔覆层无微观裂纹,微观组织分布均匀,磨削平整后熔覆层厚度可达1 mm以上。     

低碳结构钢激光熔覆铁基陶瓷合金粉末工艺研究

为提高Q345等低碳结构钢表面的耐腐蚀和耐磨性能,在Q345钢板表面熔覆316+5%WC铁基陶瓷合金粉末,研究不同熔覆功率和光斑扫描速度对熔覆层宏观质量的影响;在其它熔覆工艺参数不变的情况下,分析了激光功率为2000~3500 W时,熔覆层的组织及硬度的变化规律,进而得出在Q345表面熔覆预置厚1.5 mm铁基陶瓷合金粉末的最佳工艺参数为功率3000 W、扫描速度300 mm/min。     

外圆表面送粉激光熔覆ZrO2/Ni60A复合涂层组织及硬度

在304不锈钢外圆表面激光熔覆镍基氧化锆金属陶瓷粉末,对激光工艺参数优化,制备工艺性能良好的熔覆层。研究了激光工艺参数对熔覆层宏观形貌、显微组织和硬度分布的影响。结果表明:激光功率为1.5 kW时,涂层硬度最佳;随着扫描速度的增大,熔覆层的组织有细化的趋势;通过优化扫描速度,可得到显微硬度较高,且沿熔覆层表面垂直方向的硬度分布变化不大的熔覆涂层。     

基于均匀设计的铁基合金粉末激光熔覆工艺参数优化

为了在Q235钢基材上制备出性能优良的铁基合金熔覆涂层,开展基于均匀设计的铁基合金粉末激光熔覆工艺参数优化方法研究.根据熔覆机工艺能力和实践经验选取待优化工艺参数范围,运用均匀化设计方法产生混合水平实验表.采用“光内送粉”在Q235钢基材上制备铁基合金(Fe45)熔覆层,利用超景深显微镜和维式显微硬度计分析了熔覆层的表面形貌、稀释率及硬度.基于实验数据逐步回归分析扫描速度、离焦量、激光功率、送粉速度对熔覆层稀释率和显微硬度的影响.结果 表明:不同工艺参数对熔覆层的稀释率及显微硬度具有显著影响;回归分析的三次多元多项式适合于表征工艺参数对熔覆层稀释率和显微硬度的影响规律,回归方程的交互项表明扫描速度、离焦量、激光功率、送粉速度的交互作用影响着稀释率和显微硬度;对稀释率和显微硬度进行数学回归,分析发现该铁基合金粉末的激光熔覆最佳工艺参数为:扫描速度7 mm/s、离焦量2 mm、送粉速度22 g/min、激光功率2.7 kW.验证实验表明,以最优参数制备的熔覆层硬度均匀度高、与基材形成了连续的白亮凝合线,无裂纹及气孔,熔覆层整体质量较好.     

镍基和铁基激光熔覆材料对熔覆层组织及性能的影响

采用同步送粉方式在16Mn钢基体表面熔覆不同材料(铁基和镍基粉末)。采用的激光熔覆参数:功率为3.0 k W、熔覆速度为1000 mm/min、光斑直径为5 mm、搭接率为40%。依次对铁基和Ni25、Ni45、Ni60加不同比例的WC强化相熔覆材料进行研究,选用的WC类型为钴包WC,WC合金粉末粒径为73μm。采用带有硬度计的电子显微镜、摩擦磨损试验机以及不同腐蚀时间的方式对熔覆层的微观组织、硬度、耐磨损以及耐腐蚀进行分析。结果表明,16Mn基体的最佳熔覆材料为Ni45+20%WC粉末。     

45# 钢表面激光熔覆自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末

目的提高45#钢的表面性能。方法利用IPG光纤激光加工系统,采用不同的工艺参数在45#钢表面激光熔覆自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末,对熔覆层的宏观表面(平整度、表面硬度、裂纹情况)及金相组织、显微硬度分布进行对比分析。结果在激光功率为1200 W、扫描速度为2 mm/s、送粉电压为7 V时,获得的熔覆层宏观表面相对平整光滑,平均洛氏硬度约是基体的2.5倍。由微观组织分析得知,熔覆层及界面处无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,熔覆层中上部组织晶粒细小,沿熔覆层与基体交界处向外,晶粒呈现柱状晶及等轴晶,组织性能良好,基体与熔覆层间冶金结合比较牢固。熔覆层显微硬度分布比较均匀,并且与基体相比提高了约1.5倍。结论 45#钢表面机械性能得到提升,在其表面激光熔覆自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末具有可行性和研究价值。     

45号钢基体光纤激光熔覆镍基合金的组织与性能

利用光纤激光器在45号钢表面熔覆镍基合金粉末,通过金相显微镜、显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪等分析测试手段,对激光熔覆镍基合金粉末45号钢熔覆层组织和性能进行分析研究。结果表明,在其他工艺参数一定的条件下,随着激光功率的增加,熔覆层宽度、高度和厚度均增加,熔覆层的双相组织粗大且分布稀疏不均匀,结合面趋于不规则。激光熔覆层的主要物相由λ-(Fe,Ni)、Cr23C6、Cr7C3、WC和FeMo组成。随着扫描速度的增加,熔覆层的双相组织细化且分布均匀,结合面趋于平直。45号钢经激光熔覆镍基合金粉末处理后,硬度(HV0.1)最大值为550,出现在距结合面0.5mm的熔覆层处。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆SiC复合涂层工艺研究

采用激光熔覆技术在铝合金表面制备SiC颗粒增强的Ni基合金复合涂层,其中SiC粉末采用预置和同步送粉两种方法.试验结果表明,在激光功率P=1～2.5 kW、光斑直径d=3～5 mm、扫描速度v=2～3 mm/s工艺条件下,预置SiC粉末厚度1 mm或送粉量mp=15 g/min,可以获得表面平、无裂和界面结合较好的熔覆层.     

表面熔覆工艺的成形特征及粉末有效利用率研究

目的针对激光熔覆层的表面形貌难以达到加工工艺要求和粉末利用率较低的问题,对激光熔覆铁基合金粉末中的工艺参数与成形特征的关系以及粉末的有效利用率进行研究。方法设计了激光表面熔覆试验方案,分别采用不同的工艺参数在45号钢基板上进行铁基合金粉末单道激光熔覆试验。采用正交试验法对每道激光熔覆试验的工艺参数与成形特性之间的关系进行研究。结果随着激光功率的增加,熔宽、熔深、稀释率均呈上升趋势,浸润角和熔覆层的高宽比呈下降趋势,粉末的有效利用率由12.9%上升到42.6%;随着送粉速度的增加,熔高呈现上升趋势,熔深呈现下降趋势,粉末的有效利用率由27.9%下降到14.7%;随着激光扫描速度的增加,熔宽和熔高均呈下降趋势,粉末的有效利用率先增加后下降。结论送粉速度的增加造成粉末有效利用率的降低,增加了激光熔覆的作业成本。适当增加激光功率不仅可获得更加良好的激光熔覆层形貌,也使得粉末有效利用率增加。在激光功率为450 W,送粉速度为9.6 g/min和激光扫描速度为390 mm/min的条件下,不仅可以使粉末有效利用率处于较高的状态,也可以获得良好的熔覆层形貌。以上研究结果对激光熔覆的应用具有指导性作用。     

H13 钢表面激光熔覆 H13 合金涂层质量研究

目的研究获得高质量H13激光涂层的工艺。方法以H13合金粉末为熔覆材料,在H13钢退火基体表面制备H13合金涂层,采用均匀设计试验,利用金相法检测涂层的几何形貌参数,得到涂层宽度回归模型,并验证所建立模型的准确性。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析涂层的显微组织形貌,对涂层成分进行分析,通过显微硬度计测试涂层截面的显微硬度分布。对涂层气孔、裂纹和成分偏析进行分析。结果扫描速度22 mm/s,激光功率1300 W,送粉速率21 g/min时,H13合金涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层内组织均匀致密,无裂纹缺陷,截面显微硬度约600~699HV,是H13基体硬度的2.4~3倍。扫描速度14 mm/s,激光功率1400 W,送粉速率42 g/min时,涂层的截面显微硬度约为669~698HV,是基体的2.85~3倍。结论在两种工艺条件下,均能获得质量较优的H13合金涂层。     

38CrMoAl钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金工艺研究

利用正交试验法对38CrMoA1钢表面激光熔覆Ni60合金时激光功率、扫描速度和离焦量等工艺参数进行优化,得到熔覆层硬度和耐磨性能较为优良的参数组合,并研究了激光熔覆工艺参数对熔覆层性能的影响.结果表明,选择激光功率2.0 kW,离焦量40 mm,扫描速度6 mm/s作为35CrMoA1钢表面激光熔覆Ni60合金时的工艺参数,熔覆层硬度可以达到880.5 HV,相对耐磨性为2.26.     

TC4表面激光熔覆Ni60基涂层温度场热循环特性数值模拟研究

目的确定TC4钛合金激光熔覆的最优工艺参数,研究其热循环特性,分析激光熔覆温度对组织的影响规律。方法采用3D高斯热源,基于Sysweld软件平台,对TC4钛合金激光熔覆Ni60A-50%Cr3C2粉末过程进行数值模拟仿真,研究温度场云图及其热循环特性,模拟计算激光熔覆最高温度、加热速度和冷却速度,以及熔池最大深度和热影响区宽度,进行激光熔覆实验验证,结合熔覆层显微组织扫描电镜(SEM)图像,研究冷却速度对熔覆层组织的影响。结果由仿真可知,激光熔覆工艺参数中的光斑直径和送粉速度主要影响熔覆层的高度和宽度,对温度场分布起主要影响作用的是激光功率和扫描速度。激光功率为500 W,扫描速度为4 mm/s时,熔覆层区域熔化完全,与基体结合良好。激光熔覆最高温度为2700℃,最大加热速度约为2200℃/s,最大冷却速度约为1200℃/s,熔池最大深度在0.33~0.66 mm之间,热影响区宽度约为1.2 mm。模拟与实验得到的熔覆层截面形貌基本一致。不同冷却速度得到的熔覆层组织不同,随着冷却速度的降低,显微组织由短小的胞晶和树枝晶逐步转变为柱状晶、胞状晶和平面晶,最终形成淬火态的针状马氏体。结论最佳工艺参数为:激光功率500 W,扫描速度4 mm/s。冷却速度是影响熔覆层组织的重要因素,仿真模型的正确性及方法的可行性得到了实验验证。     

Microstructure and properties of laser cladding FeCrBSi composite powder coatings with higher Cr content

FeCrBSi alloy powder with higher Cr content was used for laser cladding by employing a 3 kW solid-state laser. Ni- and Fe-based alloy powders, which were more resistant to cracking, were added into FeCrBSi alloy powder with higher Cr content to increase the ductile phases, lower thermal expansion coefficient, and reduce the crack sensitivity of the cladding layer. FeCrBSi alloy powder with higher Cr content combined Ni- and Fe-based alloy powder were cladded on the substrates, which yield two different phases. The hard phases of the cladding layer were mainly composed of carbide phase M₂₃C₆, and the ductile phases which played a lubrication function in the cladding layer were mainly composed of austenite γ-Fe and γ-Ni. The ductile phases increased by adding Ni- and Fe-based alloy powder into FeCrBSi alloy powder with higher Cr content, and the hard phases became sparser relatively. Smooth cladding layers, which were free of macroscopic pores, cracks and void between the adjacent tracks, were achieved. Therefore, the toughness of the cladding layer was improved, and the crack tendency was reduced. Three kinds of composite powder were obtained. The composition and morphology of the cladding layer were analyzed, and the microhardness between the hard phases and the ductile phases was compared. The average microhardnesses of the three cladding layers varied from HV_0.2 760 to HV_0.2 950.     

Investigation on High Power Diode Laser Cladding of Ni-Fe-Cr Based Alloy Coatings

Appropriate laser cladding processing parameters for a Ni-Fe-Cr based alloy coating with good quality were studied using 3.5 kW diode laser.The characterization of the coating was investigated,and the influence of each parameter was analyzed.The mechanical properties and wear resistance of the coating were compared with the corresponding chemical composition wrought and cast materials.The results showed that a coating with aspect ratio about 3,dilution ratio 8%-10%and wetting angle 35o-50°could be formed with the laser power 1200-1500 W,travelling speed 8-10 mm/s,powder feed rate 16-18 g/min and shield gas flow 15 l/min.The tensile strength of the coating reached 953 MPa which was higher than that of wrought material 918 MPa and cast material 830 MPa.The microhardness of multi-layer coating was higher than that of single layer coating.The wear resistance of the coating was at the same level with the wrought and cast materials.     

Study on process optimization of WC-Co50 cermet composite coating by laser cladding

In order to optimize the process of tungsten carbide (WC)-reinforced Co50 cermet composite coating by laser cladding, Co-based coatings with 40 wt% WC were deposited on the surface of cone bit 15MnNi4Mo steel by 4 kW fiber laser. A single-factor experiment was designed to study the variation of the geometrical size, dilution rate and hardness of cladding layers with the change of various factors. Then, an orthogonal experiment was designed to study the optimal parameters for the laser cladding process by taking the hardness and dilution rate of the coatings as comprehensive indexes. Based on the results of the above experiments, the mathematical model of the relationship between the geometrical size of the cladding layers with the process parameters was established by regression analysis. In addition, the three-dimensional structure and microstructure of the coatings were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results revealed that with the increase of the laser power, the width of the cladding layer, the depth of the molten pool and the dilution rate gradually increased, while the coating height remained basically unchanged. Additionally, with the increase of the scanning speed, the coating height and the molten pool depth were relatively greatly reduced, while the coating width decreased little. Furthermore, with the increase of the powder feeding rate, the width of the cladding layer, the molten pool depth and the dilution rate gradually decreased, while the coating height gradually increased. The optimal process parameters are as follows: laser power of 2.4 kW, scanning speed of 7 mm/s, and powder feeding rate of 0.5 g/s. The mathematical model established by regression analysis fitted the width of the cladding layer best, and the minimum relative error was only 0.023%. The microstructure showed that metallurgical bonding was achieved between the coatings and substrates. Also, the coatings were compact and free of defects such as cracks and pores.     

在GH4133锻造高温合金叶片上激光熔覆stellite X-40合金的工艺研究

针对GH4133锻造高温合金激光熔覆stelliteX-40合金,研究了激光功率、扫描速度和粉末厚度对熔覆层形状和质量的影响。结果表明,通过优化激光功率、扫描速度和粉末厚度,可得到符合尺寸要求、熔深浅、界面结合完整的熔覆层。经过时效处理,熔覆层和GH4133基体显微硬度相同,从而保证了叶片整体性能均匀一致。     

铁基合金激光熔覆技术工艺优化研究

利用激光熔覆技术对铁基Fe90合金进行工艺参数的优化试验，运用模糊综合评判理论对正交试验参数下各试样的表面质量、硬度和显微组织进行分析和综合评价，找到了优化后的最佳工艺参数：激光功率3.3 kW、离焦量70 mm、扫描速度6 mm/s、送粉速率5 g/min。