Dual-wavelength (1050 nm +1550 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifier characterization by optical frequency-domain reflectometry

We present experimental results of distributed gain measurements from a dual-pumped (1050 nm +1550 nm) thulium-doped fiber amplifier using optical frequency-domain reflectometry. We show that significant reductions in total pump power and/or fiber length are realized with the addition of a few milliwatts at 1550 nm. For our experimental conditions, the addition of 5 mW of 1550 nm allows for a reduction of 100 mW of pump power at 1050 nm or a reduction of 44% of doped fiber length to reach the same gain as with 1050-nm pumping alone.     

800/1060 nm dual-wavelength pumped TDFA using single active pump source

Novel 800/1060 nm dual-wavelength pumping sources for Tm/sup 3+/-doped fibre amplifiers (TDFAs) are reported: a Nd/sup 3+/-doped silica fibre laser or a Nd/sup 3+/-doped microstructured silica fibre laser, both pumped near 800 nm and emitting near 1060 nm, providing the two required TDFA pump wavelengths. A new regime of pump power ratios is explored, in which the 800 nm power is comparable to the 1060 nm power. Gain and noise figure are comparable with those obtained using individual pump modules at the two wavelengths.     

基于MOPA结构的1064nm单频光纤激光器

为了抑制受激布里渊散射效应, 提高单频窄线宽种子源的放大功率, 采用主振荡功率放大器结构, 并对光纤长度、纤芯直径和抽运参量进行优化, 实现了42W的1064nm信号光输出。实验中, 一级放大采用914nm半导体激光器作为抽运源, 增益光纤芯径10μm, 长度8m;二级放大采用976nm半导体激光器作为抽运源, 增益光纤芯径20μm, 长度2.4m。在种子光功率40mW、一级放大的抽运功率6.8W、二级放大的抽运功率85W时, 得到了42W的1064nm信号光输出。结果表明, 光光转换效率约49.4%, 偏振消光比27.5dB; 输出信号光中心波长1064.5nm, 线宽约70MHz, 保持了种子光的单频特性。在42W连续输出时没有观察到受激布里渊散射, 继续增大抽运功率, 有望实现更高功率的放大。     

A comparative study of an erbium doped fiber amplifier pumped at811 and 980 nm

The gain and saturation characteristics of an erbium doped fiber amplifier pumped in both the 800 nm and 980 nm pump bands are presented. The maximum gain coefficients are found to occur at the same fiber lengths for both 811 nm and 980 nm pumping. They are 1.2 dB/mW and 7.8 dB/mW, respectively. The amplifier thresholds at both pump wavelengths are quantitatively compared using a simple model and measured attenuation coefficients. Signal amplification at 1533 nm is found to suffer more from the effects of excited state absorption than signal amplification at 1553 nm     

Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers

We report on the characterization of a recently introduced dual-wavelength pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers using 800 and 1050 nm. Using a counterpropagating pump configuration, 180 mW of total pump power yielded 27-dB small-signal gain and less than 5-dB noise figure. Furthermore, using optical frequency domain reflectometry, the distributed gain in this configuration was evaluated, allowing for optimization of the doped fiber length.     

高效全固化钛宝石腔内倍频蓝光和四倍频紫外激光器的研究

用半导体抽运的Q开关YLF倍频激光器抽运钛宝石晶体，在平凹腔内加入组合的石英双折射滤光片压缩线宽，用LBO晶体腔内激发二次谐波，聚焦到BBO上产生四次谐波深紫外光。在抽运功率3．8w时，输出610mW．416nm蓝光。用长焦距的透镜聚焦二次谐波．得到64mW，208nm的紫外激光。基频光的谱线宽度是决定倍频效率的关键因素。实验观察到激光器的频谱宽度与双折射滤光片的带宽有一个数量级的差别，考虑到模式竞争和增益饱和效应，数值模拟了加入双折射滤光片后的钛宝石激光器的实际线宽，结果与实验中测量的数据基本一致。实验还分析了基频光的线宽对二次谐波效率的影响、二次谐波的线宽对四次谐波效率的影响、基频光的波长对四次谐波激发效率的影响。     

1480-1510 nm band Tm-doped fibre amplifier with high powerconversion efficiency of 42%

The highest reported overall power conversion efficiency of 42% using a high Tm³⁺ concentration-doped fluoride fibre amplifier (TDFA) with one colour 1.4 μm pumping and a double pass configuration for S-band amplification has been achieved. This TDFA was used for a successful 8×10 Gbit/s WDM transmission     

Transient gain behavior in 1050/1550-nm dual-wavelength pumped TDFAs

We present an experimental study on transient events in 1050/1550-nm dual-wavelength pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs)-a promising candidate for S-band telecommunication applications. For appropriate power ratios of the two pump wavelengths, transient excursions due to signal add-drop are comparable to those in single-wavelength pumped TDFAs. Pump modulation effects, however, more severely impact the signal gain. With our experimental results, it should be possible to develop transient gain suppression control loops for this TDFA type.     

A high-gain, high-output saturation power erbium-doped fiberamplifier pumped at 532 nm

An erbium-doped fiber amplifier with a high small-signal gain of 42 dB at the gain peak of 1536.4 nm, a pumping efficiency of 1.6 dB/mW, and an output saturation power of 10 dBm is obtained with a pump power of 60 mW at 532 nm using the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser as the pump source. These experimental results indicate that diode-laser-pumped mini-Nd:YAG lasers with intracavity frequency-doubling have an output power at 532 nm of 100-150 mW that can be of great interest for practical system applications using high-gain, high-output-power erbium-doped fiber amplifiers     

Efficient erbium-doped fibre amplifier pumped at 820 nm

The highest gain coefficients of 0.86 dB/mW at 1.552 mu m and 0.72 dB/mW at 1.534 mu m are realised at a pumping wavelength of 822 nm by using an erbium-doped fibre with a relative refractive index difference as high as 1.67%, a low intrinsic loss, and an erbium ion concentration of 210 p.p.m. The gains at 1.552 mu m reach 25 and 30 dB for launched pump powers of 30 and 40 mW, respectively.<>     

Gain dynamics of 14xx-nm-pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifier

Upconversion pumping in the 14xx-nm range gives the thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) a 3-dB dynamic range of 15 dB, and transient power excursion much lower than the conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifier during dynamic wavelength add-drop, due to the energy transitions inherent to the Tm/sup 3+/ ion. For specific pumping scheme and operating conditions, gain increases with increasing signal input, a behavior significantly different from conventionally optical amplifiers. This phenomenon is studied experimentally and theoretically, and promises to provide insight for gain control algorithms for TDFAs under bursty traffic conditions in a metropolitan area network environment.     

S波段掺铥光纤放大器的研究进展

掺铥光纤放大器是S波段最具潜力的放大器件,对光纤通信系统谱带向S波段拓展具有重要意义。文章介绍了铥离子的能级特点;比较了常用的掺铥光纤放大器基质的优缺点;详细介绍了各种常见泵浦方式的特点。     

Efficient and stable 532 nm microchip laser pumped by single-longitudinal-mode laser-diode

An efficient and stable 532 nm Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip laser pumped by a single-longitudinal-mode laser-diode through a ball lens is presented. By controlling the temperature of crystals, an output power of as much as 17.2 mW with a stability of 0.24% is obtained at a 121 mW pumping power.     

Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals

We describe the gain characteristics of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. We optimized the TDF length and the ratio between the forward and backward pump power to realize efficient amplification. The TDFA achieved a gain of over 20 dB and a noise figure of less than 6 dB in the 1353-1483 nm wavelength region at a total pump power of 300 mW for WDM signals input at a total power of -7 dBm.     

Near-IR dye laser for diode-pumped operation

A dye laser pumped by AlGaInP laser diodes produced efficient, low threshold operation at wavelengths between 740 and 800 nm. Rhodamine 700, oxazine 750, DOTCI and oxazine 1 dyes were demonstrated. Optical conversion efficiencies approaching 50% and output power as high as 361 mW were obtained when pumping with a DCM-based dye laser. Parametric variations of the pump power and wavelength were performed over the range of 615 nm to 690 nm to provide a more complete characterization of the dye laser     

980 nm抽运时掺铒光纤放大器中的上转换发光效应研究

采用980nm抽运的掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）中存在上转换发光效应。能级分析和光谱扫描结果表明上转换辐射光为绿色荧光。波长为538nm和514nm，其产生机理为铒离子的激发态吸收效应（ESA）。从理论和实验两方面分析了抽运功率和信号功率这两个放大参量对上转换绿色荧光的影响，结果表明，存在一个特殊抽运功率值，当抽运功率小于该值时，上转换绿色荧光的抽运效率随抽运功率的增加而快速增大；抽运功率大于该值时，上转换绿色荧光的抽运效率变化缓慢，基本保持稳定。掺铒光纤放大器工作在线性放大状态下，输入信号的有无和功率大小对绿色荧光影响很小；掺铒光纤放大器工作在饱和状态下，绿色荧光功率随输入信号功率增加而增加。     

LD抽运运行在1041nm的掺Yb环形腔光纤激光器

利用981．5nm半导体激光器抽运掺Yb环形腔石英光纤激光器,获得了中心波长为1041nm的激光输出。光抽运阈值为1．4mW。激光半功率宽度（FWHM）为3．16nm,输出功率为363μW,斜率效率为8％。激光空间模式为基横模。     

S波段光纤放大器的研究

文章介绍了掺铥光纤放大器(TDFA)和增益位移掺铥光纤放大器(GS-TDFA)的基本工作原理.分析了不同的泵浦波长选择.随后,作者提出了一种使用半导体激光器泵浦两级高掺杂掺铥光纤的增益位移放大器方案.采用此方案的光纤放大器在30 nm工作带宽上光增益大于20 dB,饱和输出功率大于17 dBm,噪声指数为5.9～6.2 dB.     

1400-1500 nm,Different Material-doped Raman Fiber Lasers Pumped by Nd∶YVO_4 Laser

Different material-doped Raman fiber lasers with very high efficiency operating in continuous-wave are presented.With 1 W Nd∶YVO 4 laser pumping at wavelength of 1 342 nm, single mode output power of above 500 mW (optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 50%) is simulated in the range of 1 400-1 500 nm.Using high-germanium,high-phosphate and high-borate silicate fibers as the gain medium,laser output at wavelengths of 1 420,1 450,1 480 and 1 495 nm can be achieved with different geometries,which are just as pumping C-band and L-band distributed Raman fiber amplifiers.     

Pump wavelength independent gain with bidirectionally pumped alumino-silicate erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in the 800 nm pump band

Using a comprehensive computer model, it was shown that the effects of excited state absorption (ESA), in the 800 nm pump band, in alumino-phosphate-silicate (APS) erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) can be reduced significantly by using bidirectional pumping. If a band optimum length (BOL) is selected, a near optimum small signal gain (SSG) can be constant over broad pump wavelength regions due to the combined effects of ESA and ground state absorption (GSA). Hence, multilongitudinal mode, high power, reliable and inexpensive GaAlAs laser diodes can be used as pumping sources for EDFAs having SSG > 40 dB, noise figures of <4 dB, and output signal powers approaching 100 mW. These fibre amplifiers could be used as line repeaters, preamplifiers, and power amplifiers in different lightwave systems.<>