宽带Te基掺Er光纤放大器饱和增益谱特性研究

对波分复用(WDM)系统中宽带Te基掺Er光纤放大器(EDTFA)饱和增益谱特性进行了理论研究,研究依据均匀加宽四能级模型下的速率方程组和光功率传输方程组,采用龙格一库塔法数值模拟。研究结果表明,在给定泵浦方式、泵浦功率和光纤长度的饱和工作状态下,多个信道同时输入时的EDT-FA增益谱依赖于输入的信道数和信道功率,且各个信道增益要低于相同输入功率下单个信道的增益,同时增益谱宽变窄,增益谱峰随饱和程度的加深向长波长方向偏移。     

掺铒光纤放大器多信道增益谱迭代测试法

针对多信道放大时掺铒光纤放大器（ＥＤＦＡ）的增益谱随饱和深度而变化的现象，本文介绍了ＥＤＦＡ增益谱在等效饱和条件下的双波长和宽谱光源迭代测试法及等效饱和信号功率的计算公式．使用这种方法只需少数几次迭代即可准确测出当ＥＤＦＡ应用于波分复用系统时各信道的实际增益，实验测得结果的误差不大于０１５ｄＢ．     

掺饵光纤放大器多信道增益谱迭代测试法

针对多信道放大时掺饵光纤放大器（ＥＤＦＡ）的增益谱随饱和深度而变化的现象,本文介绍了ＥＤＦＡ增益谱在等效饱和条件下的双滤长和宽谱光源迭代测试法及等效 饱和信号功率的计算公式。使用这种方法只需少数几次迭代即可准确测出当ＥＤＦＡ应用于波分复用系统的各信道的实际增益,实验测得结果的误差不大于０．１５ｄＢ。     

抽运饱和及信道问受激拉曼散射效应对反向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器增益谱的影响

在宽带密集波分复用(DWDM)系统中，后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器(B-DFRA)会引入在小信号条件下无需考虑的两种效应：抽运饱和效应(PS)使拉曼增益减小；拉曼放大使信道间受激拉曼散射(SRS)效应增强，产生附加拉曼倾斜效应(ART)。将后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器的增益谱分解为拉曼抽运的放大作用和信道间受激拉曼散射效应产生的倾斜作用，通过对各种工作条件下实际后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器增益谱的优化计算，研究了抽运饱和效应和附加拉曼倾斜效应对后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器增益谱的影响。计算发现抽运饱和效应取决于信道输出功率，附加拉曼倾斜效应由信道输入功率和输出功率共同决定，进而通过抽运饱和效应和附加拉曼倾斜效应的大小可以将后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器的工作条件划分为三个区域，并讨论了不同工作条件下后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器的简化分析方法。     

抽运饱和及信道间受激拉曼散射效应对反向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器增益谱的影响

在宽带密集波分复用 (DWDM )系统中 ,后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器 (B DFRA)会引入在小信号条件下无需考虑的两种效应 :抽运饱和效应 (PS)使拉曼增益减小 ;拉曼放大使信道间受激拉曼散射 (SRS)效应增强 ,产生附加拉曼倾斜效应 (ART)。将后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器的增益谱分解为拉曼抽运的放大作用和信道间受激拉曼散射效应产生的倾斜作用 ,通过对各种工作条件下实际后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器增益谱的优化计算 ,研究了抽运饱和效应和附加拉曼倾斜效应对后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器增益谱的影响。计算发现抽运饱和效应取决于信道输出功率 ,附加拉曼倾斜效应由信道输入功率和输出功率共同决定 ,进而通过抽运饱和效应和附加拉曼倾斜效应的大小可以将后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器的工作条件划分为三个区域 ,并讨论了不同工作条件下后向抽运分布式光纤拉曼放大器的简化分析方法     

熔石英喇曼增益谱的近似计算模型研究

在DWDM系统中,当输入光功率超过门限时,会产生信道间功率转移的受激喇曼散射（SRS）效应,并且随着信道数目的增多,信道容量的增大,输入信道的功率迅速增长,信道间功率转移的受激SRS效应增强。使用分段二次函数对熔石英喇曼增益谱进行了最小二乘拟合,提出新的熔石英喇曼增益谱的近似计算模型,提高了熔石英喇曼增益谱计算的精度。     

宽带碲基掺铒光纤放大器掺杂特性的理论研究

对WDM系统中宽带碲基掺铒光纤放大器(EDTFA)多信道增益谱特性的研究表明,在给定泵浦方式、泵浦功率和光纤长度的工作条件下,碲基掺铒光纤中铒掺杂浓度对EDTFA各信道信号增益的影响并不相同,相比于长波长信道,短波长信道的信号增益随着光纤中铒掺杂浓度的提高更易趋于饱和及快速衰减状态,同时信号增益谱向长波长方向萎缩.     

具有平坦增益谱的氟化物掺饵光纤放大器

ＩＥＥＥ会员Ｍａｋｏｔｏ Ｙａｍａｄａ等人成功地开发出氟化物掺饵光纤放大器。各信道的输入信号功率为－２０ｄＢｍ时，８信道波分多路复用信号在１５３２－１５６０ｎｍ波长范围的平均增益达２６ｄＢ，增益偏移低于１．５ｄＢ。。此外，ＭａｋｏｔｏＹａｍａｄａ等人在本文中研究了Ｆ－ＥＤＦＡ对ＷＤＭ信号的放大性能。     

饱和非线性光纤正色散区的交叉相位调制不稳定性

在考虑到光纤饱和非线性效应的情况下,给出了同偏振、不同波长的两光波的慢变振幅满足的耦合非线性薛定谔方程组以及线性化后微扰满足的方程组。在光纤的正色散区,分析并讨论了交叉相位调制不稳定增益谱随两光波输入功率变化的规律。结果表明,与饱和非线性光纤中自相位调制不稳定性的增益谱类似,交叉相位调制不稳定增益谱的临界扰动频率、峰值增益大小随两光波输入功率的增大也呈现出先增大后减小的特点,而二者随两光波输入功率变化的快慢都与两扰动的频率大小有关,即会出现两个不同的输入功率对应同一个不稳定增益峰值和临界扰动频率的情形。     

适合WDM网络动态增益均衡的全光增益锁定光纤放大器

在光纤放大器内部同时建立增益谱锁定与平坦机制，研制出适合ＷＤＭ网络应用的全光锁定高增益、大功率掺铒光纤放大器（ＥＤＦＡ）。在２３ｄＢ输入功率动态范围（－４０～－１７ｄＢｍ）内的增益箝制在３３ｄＢ，对应总输入功率为－１７ｄＢｍ的输出光功率为１６ｄＢｍ，锁定的－１ｄＢ增益带宽为１４ｎｍ（１５４７～１５６１ｎｍ）。     

An EDFA gain control and power monitoring scheme for fault detection in WDM networks by employing a power-stabilized control channel

Schemes are proposed for the highly reliable gain control of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and for power monitoring to detect faults in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) networks. These schemes employ one WDM channel (a control channel). The EDFA gain and output power levels are controlled by monitoring the control channel power that is automatically controlled and stabilized in the node. This prevents the uncontrolled EDFA operation that might result from any serious change in the control channel power. The use of a power stabilized control channel for power monitoring makes it possible to detect transmission system faults correctly because the monitoring of the control channel power is unaffected by the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) generated in the EDFA. We also report experimental results on the dependence of the transient response of the EDFA gain and output power on the signal channel power and channel number input into the EDFA, when the power of the control channel changes due to problems with its light source. Numerical calculation of the gain transience explains the experimental results.     

陆上级联掺铒光纤放大器系统受扰后的信号恢复特性和误码率分析

通过引入一个描述掺饵光纤放大器（ＥＤＦＡ）受扰后偏离其常态程度的参数Ｘｉ，本文推导出一个不依赖于具体参数的归一化的ＥＤＦＡ增益表达式。应用该式进行分析的结果表明，以Ｘｉ作为衡量系统恢复程度的参数，具有简便易行等优点。对于ＥＤＦＡ饱和程度较浅的陆上光纤通信系统而言，系统经３ｄＢ的扰动后，光功率在３级内即可恢复到原值的９０％。扰动引起的系统误码率（ＢＥＲ）的变化，随扰动开始级数的不同而显著不同：前几级     

Optical gain control of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with asaturable absorber

Optical gain control (OGC) can be used to lock the inversion of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), assuming that the gain medium is homogeneous. However, EDF's exhibit certain degrees of spectral hole burning. As a result, when the OGC laser power and the spectral-hole depth at the laser wavelength change, the inversion of the EDFA changes accordingly with a fixed OGC cavity loss. In this work, a saturable absorber is placed in the OGC laser cavity to adjust the cavity loss dynamically and compensate the gain tilt caused by the OGC laser spectral hole burning. It is demonstrated that the steady state gain variation of a surviving channel in an optically gain controlled EDFA is improved from 1.3 dB (with a fixed loss) to 0.4 dB (with a saturable absorber in the cavity). The transient response of this gain control scheme is also discussed     

掺铒光纤放大器的增益锁定

本文从掺铒光纤放大器的速率方程理论模型出发、根据光功率传输方程，对多个WDM信道传输时EDFA动态特性进行了模拟分析。提出了以某一路信道进行反馈从而实现增益锁定的方案，模拟计算结果表明，当EDFA的输入功率不超过形成激光振荡所容许的最大输入功率时，以某一路信道信号光进行反馈可以实现增益的稳定锁定；增益锁定作用的时间响应相当快，达到稳态增益锁定值的时间小于5ms；当上下信道或信道功率变化时，增益锁定仍然十分有效。     

New pump wavelength of 1540-nm band for long-wavelength-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA)

A long-wavelength-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) using a pump wavelength source of 1540-nm band has been extensively investigated from a small single channel input signal to high-power wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. The small-signal gain coefficient of 1545-nm pumping among the 1540-nm band is 2.25 times higher compared to the conventional 1480-nm pumping. This improvement in gain coefficient is not limited by the pumping direction. The cause for this high coefficient is explained by analyzing forward- and backward-amplified spontaneous emission spectra. The gain spectra as a function of a pump wavelength suggest that a broadband pump source as well as a single wavelength pump can be used as a 1540-nm-band pump. In the experiment for high-power WDM signals, the power conversion efficiency for 256 WDM channel input is 48.5% with 1545-nm pumping. This result shows more than 20% improvement compared with the previous highest value for the L-band EDFA. Finally, the 1545-nm bidirectionally pumped EDFA is applied as a second stage amplifier in an in-line amplifier of an optical communication link with a 1480-nm pumped first stage EDFA, in which the input power of the second-stage EDFA is +2.2 dBm. The power conversion efficiency yields a 38% improvement without noise figure degradation compared with the case of 1480-nm pumping.     

All-optical gain control of in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for hybrid analog/digital WDM systems

Automatic gain control using an all-optical feedback loop in in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) used in hybrid analog/digital wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems was studied. It is found that the signal level variation for the digital channels can be maintained within a range /spl les/3-dB between the presence and dropout of the analog channel when the narrowband feedback is centered at the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) peak (/spl sim/1532 nm) with loop loss ranging between 13-22 dB. Robust transmission at 2.5 Gb/s without measurable power penalty was obtained for the digital channels when the EDFA was saturated by either the analog or the control lasing signal.     

Investigation of the performance of optical amplifiers for a 96 × 12 Gbps DWDM system using ultrasmall channel spacing

Ultrasmall channel spacing is a key concern for dense optical communication when incorporating a greater number of transmitting channels. In this work, we consider varying channel spacing ranging from 100 to 900 GHz in order to improve the performance of a 96?×?12 dense optical communication system. Analysis is carried out to obtain results in terms of quality factor, gain, cross talk, and eye closure. Power amplification is provided with the aid of an EDFA, Raman optical amplifier, SOA-SOA, and SOA. The EDFA was found to deliver the best results, with a quality factor of 25.5–30 dB, gain of 25.6–29.4 dB, and eye closure of 0.4–0.9 dB. It can thus be concluded that EDFA is the best choice in all aspects of dense wavelength-division multiplexing optical communication under conditions of ultrasmall channel spacing.

     

A low-noise and gain-flattened amplifier composed of a silica-based and a fluoride-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier in a cascade configuration

We propose a novel low noise and gain-flattened Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with a cascade configuration for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. In this configuration, a 1480-nm pumped fluoride-based EDFA is joined to a 980-nm pumped silica-based EDFA through an optical isolator. By adjusting the silica-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber length in the silica-based EDFA, we realized an excellent flat gain EDFA with a gain excursion of less than 0.9 dB and noise figure of 5.7/spl plusmn/0.2 dB, and a low noise EDFA with a noise figure of 5/spl plusmn/0.2 dB and a gain excursion of less than 1.4 dB, for 8 channel WDM signal in the 1532-1560-nm wavelength region.     

增益钳制掺铒光纤放大器特性研究

报道了一种新型基于环形激光腔的增益钳制掺铒光纤放大器。得到了较好的增益钳制效果和增益平坦度,利用980nm半导体激光器泵浦12m长掺铒光纤形成激光增益,观测到 30nm增益带宽。通过反馈1520nm 激光,在可变衰减器不同值测量了输入信号从- 40 ～10dBm的增益,其小信号增益被钳制在16dB。可为40个波分复用(WDM)信道波长提供增益钳制及平坦的放大功能。     

单信道EDFA在WDM城域网中的应用研究

通过研究单信道EDFA在多信道工作条件下的增益特性,指出合理设计单信道EDFA的结构参数,可使得EDF的增益平坦度达到最佳。设计了应用于WDM城域网中的单信道EDFA,降低了系统成本并保证了系统灵活性。