复合阻燃剂/PET共混物的流变性研究

将复合阻燃剂/PET共混改性,其质量比为2%～7%。研究表明,复合体系为非牛顿假塑性流体,其表观黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小;随着复合阻燃剂含量增大,共混物非牛顿流动指数下降,剪切速率上升,流变性能改善;共混物的黏流活化能为78.3 kJ/mo1,黏温依赖性与普通PET相似。     

TiO_2/ZnO超细粉体共混改性PET的流变性能

将改性的二氧化钛/氧化锌(TiO2/ZnO)超细复合粉体应用于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的共混改性,研究了改性PET的流变性能及其纤维的力学性能。结果表明:改性PET共混物为非牛顿假塑性流体,其表观粘度随剪切速率的增大而减小;随着超细粉体含量增大,改性PET共混物非牛顿流动指数下降,熔体粘度对温度的敏感性增大,流变性能改善;当超细粉体质量分数为5%时,改性PET共混物粘流活化能可达81.5 kJ/mol;随着超细复合粉体添加量增大,改性PET纤维断裂强度下降。     

表面处理纳米铜粉/PET共混物的流变性能

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对纳米铜粉进行表面处理,通过熔融共混制备纳米铜粉/PET共混物,用毛细管流变仪研究了共混物的流变性能。结果表明:纳米铜粉/PET共混体系为非牛顿性假塑性流体,其表观黏度随着剪切速率的增大而减小;随着纳米铜粉含量增加,非牛顿指数增大;共混物的黏流活化能随剪切速率的增加而减小。     

超支化聚合物对PA6及其纤维性能的影响

将聚己内酰胺(PA6)与超支化聚合物(HBP)共混造粒、纺丝,研究了PA6/HBP共混物的流变性能及共混纤维的力学性能。结果表明:PA6/HBP共混物为非牛顿性假塑性流体,其表观黏度随着剪切速率的增大而减小;随着HBP含量增大,共混物非牛顿流动指数降低,剪切速率上升,加工温度降低;共混物黏流活化能随着HBP含量的增大而增大;PA6/HBP共混物较PA6结晶度提高,球晶明显细化;当w(HBP)为1.0%时,PA6/HBP共混纤维的断裂强度较纯PA6纤维略有降低,随着HBP含量的增加,共混纤维的力学性能明显降低。     

丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物的流变性能

用毛细管流变仪测试了丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯（ASA）树脂的表观黏度、黏流活化能、非牛顿指数等流变参数,讨论了剪切速率、剪切应力、温度对ASA的表观黏度的影响,研究了黏流活化能与剪切速率的变化规律。结果表明,随着温度升高, 共聚物的表观黏度下降,非牛顿指数增大;随着剪切速率的增大,树脂的黏流活化能降低;其非牛顿指数n小于1,说明ASA是典型的假塑性流体。     

聚丙烯/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料流变性能研究

采用毛细管流变仪对聚丙烯/纳米羟基磷灰石(PP/n HA)复合材料的流变性能进行了研究,并讨论了复合材料的表观黏度、非牛顿指数、黏流活化能与温度、剪切速率、n HA用量之间的关系。结果表明:PP/n HA熔体为假塑性流体,其表观黏度随着n HA用量的增加总体呈上升趋势,但在其用量为1%时达到极小值;非牛顿指数随着温度的提高而增大,随着n HA用量的增加而逐渐减小;黏流活化能则随着剪切速率的增加逐渐降低,随着n HA用量的增加呈上升趋势。     

环氧化反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的毛细管流变行为

采用毛细管流变仪研究了不同环氧度的环氧化反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(ETPI)的流变行为。结果表明,ETPI的非牛顿指数小于1.00,熔体为假塑性流体;随着ETPI环氧度的增大,非牛顿指数略有降低。环氧度为30%的ETPI在剪切速率较低时,其熔体的黏流活化能较大,说明对温度的敏感性较大;随着剪切速率的增大,黏流活化能降低,ETPI对温度的敏感性降低。随着剪切速率的增大,ETPI熔体在入口区的弹性形变增大;在相同剪切速率下,ETPI的环氧度越大,入口区的弹性形变越大。     

等径异长毛细管口模的聚丙烯流变性能研究

采用组合式转矩流变仪研究了聚丙烯(PP)熔体在等径异长毛细管流道(长径比L/D为20,30,40)的流变行为。结果表明,非牛顿指数随着长径比的增加而减小,即熔体的非牛顿性增强,剪切速率对黏度敏感性增加;熔体黏流活化能随剪切速率的增大而减小,表现为低剪切速率范围黏度对温度较敏感,其中又以L/D=30情况下的敏感性最高。     

PB/nano-SiO2复合材料的流变性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丁烯(PB)/nano-SiO2复合材料,并用毛细管流变仪研究了PB及其复合材料在较宽剪切速率(1×102～6×103s-1)的流变行为.讨论了nano-SiO2含量、剪切应力、剪切速率及温度对熔体流变性、非牛顿指数和黏流活化能的影响.结果表明:PB及其复合材料的非牛顿指数均小于1,但PB/nano-SiO2的非牛顿指数大于PB的;随nano-SiO2含量增加,PB/nano-SiO2复合材料非牛顿指数上升;PB/nano-SiO2复合材料的熔融流动性随nano-SiO2用量的增加而下降;相同剪切速率时,PB/nano-SiO2的黏流活化能大于PB的.     

HDPE/石墨导热复合材料流变行为研究

制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/石墨导热复合材料,研究了该复合材料在毛细管流变仪中的流变行为。结果表明:该HDPE/石墨复合材料熔体在毛细管流变仪中的流动为非牛顿型流动,遵从假塑性流体的流动规律。随着石墨用量的增加,复合材料熔体的真实黏度、黏流活化能增大,非牛顿指数呈减小的趋势;随着剪切速率的增加,复合材料熔体的真实黏度和黏流活化能则均有所减小;而随着温度的升高,复合材料熔体的非牛顿指数呈增大的趋势。     

超细粉体对水泥净浆流变行为影响研究

采用截锥圆模法测定不同掺量超细粉体水泥复合浆液的流动度.采用ZNN-D6B型旋转黏度计研究超细玻璃粉和偏高岭土两种超细粉体对水泥净浆流变行为的影响,得到了剪切速率-剪切应力(γ-τ)曲线和剪切速率-表观粘度(γ-μa)曲线,并分别采用宾汉姆模型和赫-巴模型对γ-τ流变曲线进行拟合,得到不同掺量超细玻璃粉-水泥(GP-C)复合浆液和偏高岭土-水泥(MK-C)复合浆液的动切力、塑性粘度、稠度系数和流性指数等流变参数.结果表明:超细粉体的加入降低了复合浆液的流动度.随着掺量的增加,两种复合浆液的宾汉动切力τ0、塑性粘度η、赫-巴动切力τy均逐渐增大,MK-C复合浆液的稠度系数K和流性指数n逐渐减小,GP-C复合浆液的稠度系数K呈现增大-减小-增大的趋势,而流性指数n呈现减小-增大-减小的趋势.所有样本表观粘度μa都随着剪切速率的增大而减小,呈现剪切稀释现象.     

无卤阻燃低密度聚乙烯复合材料的流变性能

采用熔融共混法制备了无卤阻燃低密度聚乙烯(LDPE/FR)复合材料。通过极限氧指数仪和毛细管流变仪等考察了LDPE/FR复合材料的阻燃性能和流变性能。结果表明:随着阻燃剂添加量的增加,LDPE/FR的阻燃性能逐渐提高,当阻燃剂的质量分数为25%时,阻燃体系的极限氧指数达28.3%;LDPE/FR熔体的表观黏度随着阻燃剂添加量的增加以及剪切速率的提升而降低,其非牛顿指数为0.42~0.70,属于典型的假塑性流体。     

PVDF/DBP/DOP/TiO_2体系流变性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为原料,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为复合稀释剂,纳米TiO2为添加剂,采用转矩流变仪,研究了PVDF/DBP/DOP/TiO2共混体系的流变性能。结果表明:PVDF/DBP/DOP/TiO2共混体系的表观黏度随剪切速率的升高而降低,属于切力变稀流体;随着温度的提高,其非牛顿性变弱,结构化程度降低;其中纳米TiO2可起填充作用,使共混物黏度提高,流动性变差;DBP/DOP主要起软化增塑PVDF的作用,减弱共混物内高分子链间的相互牵制,使共混体系黏度下降,非牛顿性减弱,流动性增强。     

Effects of molecular weight distribution and branching on rheological properties of polyolefin melts

The objective of this work was to determine the relationships among molecular and melt parameters of polyolefins. The polyolefins studied are polypropylene, poly-1-butene, poly-1-hexene, poly-1-dodecene, these have regularly spaced short-chain branches. Conclusions from previous work, as well as some new data, on polyethylene are given. As the molecular weight increases, the critical shear rate decreases but the melt viscosity and non-Newtonian ratio increase. As the molecular weight distribution broadens, the critical shear rate decreases, whereas the normal forces and the non-Newtonian ratio increase. Increasing the number of short-chain branches increases the energy of activation and the melt viscosity but decreases the non-Newtonian ratio. As the length of the short-chain branches increases, the non-Newtonian ratio increases, but the melt viscosity, critical shear rate, and energy of activation decrease. Increasing the number of long-chain branches decreases the non-Newtonian ratio, but the normal forces and the melt viscosity increase. Such information allows the polymer chemist to design a polyolefin molecule having the critical melt properties required for a given production technique.     

MTA合成PET的流变性能研究

采用英国Rosand公司RH7-2X型毛细管流变仪对自制的MTA合成PET样品的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明:同常规PET相比,MTA合成的PET样品的熔体同属于假塑型非牛顿流体;MTA合成的PET样品的非牛顿指数n值较高,而且随着温度的提高,其n值增长趋势更加明显;在低剪切速率条件下,MTA合成PET样品的黏流活化能ΔEη较高,熔体剪切黏度对温度比较敏感,在高剪切速率(20000s-1左右)条件下,两者ΔEη的差距逐渐减小。     

Novel milling route for controlling structure and properties in SBS elastomer blends containing dispersed PA6 and PP particles

Abstract

A novel technique to optimise the morphology and thus to enhance the mechanical properties of styrene/butadiene/styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer blends containing dispersed polyamide 6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP) is reported. The SBS-PA6-PP composite was prepared by blending SBS with PA6-PP ultrafine powder, which was obtained by pulverising PA6 and PP in a pan mill at ambient temperature. The mechanical properties of the composite were determined and the variations of the phase structure of the composites prepared at different processing temperatures were studied by TEM. The thermooxidative stabilities of the composites were tested by thermogrivimetry (TG). The results indicate that preparing a PA6-PP ultrafine powder by the solid state mechanochemical process can improve the compatibility of PA6 with PP and SBS and accelerate the dispersion of PP and PA6 as well as their combination with SBS at the phase interface. The tensile strength of the composite can be increased greatly with an ultrafine powder content of 4-8%, while the elongation at break remains approximately constant. The variation of processing temperature causes a change in the phase structure of the plastics, which has a great effect on the properties of the composite. When the processing is carried out at the melting temperature of the PP, the PP particles combine to form a fibrillar structure that can increase the tensile strength of the matrix from 12·7 to 25 0 MPa. The temperature at which a 10% weight loss occurs in the composite increases from 396·0 to 412·7°C and the temperature of maximum weight loss increases from 454·3 to 479·3°C with an ultrafine powder content of 4%. PRC/1747     

Effects of pore fractal structures of ultrafine coal water slurries on rheological behaviors and combustion dynamics

The ultrafine coal water slurry (CWS) with the particle size of 1-10 μm, ash content of 1-2%, solid concentration of 50% is a promising substitute fuel for diesel oil. The effects of pore fractal structures of three ultrafine CWSs on their rheological behaviors and combustion dynamics were studied in this paper. When the pore fractal dimensions of Yanzhou, Huainan and Shenhua ultrafine CWSs increase, their apparent viscosities all increase and the increase extents gradually enlarge with decreasing shear rates, while their ignition temperatures and apparent activation energies all decrease. For example, when the pore fractal dimension of Yanzhou coal increases from 2.31 to 2.43, the CWS apparent viscosity at a low shear rate of 12 s⁻¹ increases from 75 mPa s to 2400 mPa s, and that at a high shear rate of 100 s⁻¹ increases from 80 mPa s to 820 mPa s. Meanwhile, the ignition temperature of Yanzhou CWS decreases from 445 °C to 417 °C at a heating rate of 12.5 °C/min, and the apparent activation energy decreases from 104 kJ/mol to 32 kJ/mol.