不同温度下MoSi2的高温磨损行为研究

采用XP-5型高温摩擦磨损试验机考察了MoSi2/Al2O3配对副在700～1100℃间的摩擦学性能.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪观察与分析了MoSi2的磨损表面与相组成.结果表明:MoSi2/Al2O3摩擦副低于900℃时摩擦因数随温度升高而增加,MoSi2的磨损率较低,氧化与粘着磨损是MoSi2的主要磨损形式;高于900℃时摩擦因数略有下降,但基本维持在0.6～0.8之间, MoSi2的磨损率却显著增加,这是由于塑脆转变特性的影响,MoSi2磨损表面还发生磨粒磨损、变形与断裂,粘着和氧化磨损加剧;偶件Al2O3的磨损形式为粘着磨损.     

稀土强韧化MoSi2材料的摩擦学性能

采用高温自蔓延和真空烧结合成了含0.8%（质量分数）稀土/MoSi2复合材料。在MRH-5A型环-块摩擦磨损试验机上,考察了其与调质45#钢配对时的摩擦磨损特性。运用带有微探针的KYKY2800型扫描电镜分析了其磨损表面形貌,探讨了该材料的磨损机制。结果表明：在干摩擦同等条件下,稀土/MoSi2复合材料比纯MoSi2材料具有更好的抗磨损性能,其磨损率比纯MoSi2至少降低了68%。低速（200r/min）时,RE/MoSi2复合材料的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损,随着载荷的增加,粘着磨损脱落更为严重;在高速（400r/min）和低载荷（78N）下,RE/MoSi2复合材料的磨损机制仍以粘着磨损为主,在重载荷（274N）下,RE/MoSi2复合材料的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和疲劳脆性断裂。     

1100℃下MoSi_2涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能研究

为提高K403镍基高温合金的高温耐磨损能力,采用大气等离子喷涂在镍基上制备了金属间化合物MoSi2涂层,比较分析了基体和涂层与Al2O3配对摩擦副在1100℃下的高温摩擦磨损性能,并采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对摩擦磨损表面进行了物相、形貌和成分分析,进而分析了基体和涂层的磨损机理。研究结果表明:K403合金的摩擦因数在0.35～0.5范围内变化,而MoSi2涂层的摩擦因数在0.65左右波动;MoSi2涂层的磨损率约是基体材料的0.5倍,涂覆MoSi2涂层后,提高了镍基高温合金耐高温磨损能力;镍基合金的高温摩擦磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和疲劳断裂,载荷较小(10N)时,MoSi2涂层的磨损机制主要表现为氧化磨损,较大载荷(40N)时,MoSi2涂层的磨损机制主要表现为氧化磨损和疲劳脆性断裂。     

MoSi2/45#钢在干摩擦条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能

在MRH-5A型环-块型摩擦磨损实验机上,考察了MoSi2与调质45#钢配对时的摩擦磨损特性。运用KYKY2800型扫描电子显微镜,观察和分析了其磨损表面形貌,探讨了该材料的磨损机制。结果表明：在pv为284.96N.m.s^-1时,MoSi2与调质45#钢对摩时具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损率。在载荷和转速两影响因素中,转速的影响较大,低转速时MoSi2的磨损机制为粘着,且随着载荷的增加,出现粘着膜脱落;高转速时MoSi2材料表面粘着较低速时减弱。     

MoSi2/45#钢在油润滑状态下的摩擦学性能研究

在M - 2 0 0型磨损试验机上进行了金属间化合物MoSi2 / 4 5 # 钢的摩擦磨损试验 ,考察了载荷和润滑状态对MoSi2 材料摩擦磨损性能的影响 ,采用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)和微探针观察了其磨损形貌 ,并分析了其磨损机理。结果表明 :油润滑明显改善了MoSi2 材料的摩擦学性能。MoSi2 材料的磨损机理在低载荷 (5 0～ 80N)下主要表现为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损 ,高载荷 (12 0N以上 )下以氧化磨损为主。载荷为 15 0N时 ,MoSi2 材料具有较好的综合摩擦磨损性能 ,摩擦系数和磨损率分别为 0 1和 0 0 0 9g·km-1。     

不同环境气氛对高速干滑动钢/铜摩擦副磨损机制的影响

利用MMS-1G型高温高速销-盘摩擦磨损试验机,以钢/铜摩擦副为研究对象,研究了不同环境气氛对高速干滑动钢/铜摩擦副磨损机制的影响,应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)对销试样磨损表面进行分析。结果表明:随着pv值的增加,氧气条件下的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为氧化磨损;氮气条件下的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为金属流变和磨粒磨损。氮气气氛条件下的摩擦因数和磨损率均高于氧气气氛条件下的摩擦因数和磨损率。     

液氮介质中Si3N4/9Cr18配副摩擦磨损性能研究

超低温介质中工作的轴承由于不能采用润滑油或脂润滑,其球环材料配副摩擦磨损特性将对轴承的工作性能产生很大影响。采用球盘点接触形式,在5 N载荷和0.4 m/s相对滑动速度下试验研究了超低温全钢轴承和混合式轴承中9Cr18/9Cr18和Si3N4/9Cr18两种球环配副在常温干摩擦和液氮环境中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明9Cr18/9Cr18配副在低温下由于粘着趋势减弱而使摩擦因数和磨损均低于常温下。Si3N4/9Cr18配副在低温介质中由于试件表面吸附、氧化和摩擦化学反应受到抑制使摩擦因数高于常温下,同样由于无摩擦化学磨损发生,而只是以脆性断裂为主,其磨损低于常温下。Si3N4/9Cr18在常温下摩擦因数低于9Cr18/9Cr18配副,而在低温下则高于9Cr18/9Cr18配副。2种环境中陶瓷/钢配副的磨损均小于相应条件下钢/钢配副的磨损。     

高水基液压阀陶瓷摩擦副摩擦学性能研究

为选择适合的高水基乳化液液压阀摩擦副材料,探讨ZrO2与不同结构陶瓷组成的摩擦副在高水基乳化液润滑状态下的摩擦磨损特性。采用摩擦磨损试验机,在不同载荷和滑动速度下,研究在高水基乳化液介质中4种不同陶瓷材料（ZrO2、Al2O3、Si3N4和SiC）分别与ZrO2配副的摩擦学性能,并探讨不同组合陶瓷摩擦副的磨损机制。结果表明：在高水基乳化液中,各陶瓷的摩擦因数均随着滑动速度的增大而降低,其中Al2O3陶瓷的摩擦因数最小;ZrO2、Al2O3和Si3N4陶瓷的摩擦因数受载荷的影响较小,SiC陶瓷的摩擦因数则随着载荷的增大而骤增;各陶瓷的磨损体积都随着速度和载荷的增大而增大,其中Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷摩擦副的磨损体积最小,其磨损机制以磨粒磨损和微疲劳磨损为主。研究表明,在不同工况下,Al2O3与ZrO2陶瓷配副的摩擦因数和磨损体积均为最低值,更适合作为高水基乳化液液压阀的摩擦副材料。     

不同摩擦副条件下Ti-6Al-4V合金的微磨粒磨损行为

采用TE66微磨粒磨损实验机对医用Ti-6Al-4V钛合金在不同摩擦副条件下的微磨粒磨损行为进行研究,考察滑行距离、载荷对其微磨粒磨损的影响,通过观察磨斑形貌,分析其磨损机制。研究结果表明:Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损量随滑移距离和载荷增加而增加,磨损率则相反,并且硬度较高的Si3N4陶瓷球对合金造成的磨损量和磨损率均低于ZrO2陶瓷球;在不同摩擦副条件下,随着滑行距离和载荷的增加,Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损机制均由三体磨损转变为二三体混合磨损,所不同的是与Si3N4陶瓷球对摩时合金的混合磨损区域要少于与ZrO2陶瓷球对摩时。     

油润滑下MoSi2材料的摩擦磨损性能

运用M-200型摩擦磨损试验机测定了油润滑条件下MoSi2与45调质钢、45淬火钢和CrWMn钢配对时的摩擦磨损性能，采用扫描电镜和微探针分析了摩擦副表面的形貌，探讨了磨损机理：结果表明：采用20号机械油润滑可有效地降低MoSi2材料的磨损率及摩擦因数；与低硬度的45调质钢和45淬火钢对摩时，MoSi2材料的主要磨损机制为晶间断裂、疲劳断裂、轻微粘着磨损和磨粒磨损；MoSi2材料与高硬度的CrWMn钢对摩时，主要磨损机制表现为粘着磨损、微犁削式磨粒磨损，并在偶件表面材料凸点的前端形成楔块。     

深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术研究

概述了近年来深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术的研究动态，讨论了套管磨损主导机理及其影响因素的几种观点，重点分析了磨损效率模型的特点，明确了深井、超深井套管磨损研究的主要发展方向。     

Characterization of wear scar surfaces using combined three-dimensional topographic analysis and contact resistance measurements

In this paper, a technique for the quantitative characterization of wear scar surfaces, using combined three-dimensional topographical analysis and contact resistance measurements, is introduced. Parameters for the characterization of wear surfaces, developed during sliding of pin-on-disk specimens in oxygen at high temperature, such as wear volume, roughness, average wear depth on the disk specimen, surface coverage by wear-protective oxide layers and their distributions over the wear surface, are presented and calculated. Such analyses provide more effective data for the analysis of wear processes and wear mechanisms.This method has been applied to the analysis of dry reciprocating sliding wear of a nickel-base alloy, N80A, at temperatures to 600°C. It was found that there was usually a difference between the wear rates of the pin and the disk. This difference increased with increase in temperature, the wear of the pin being much less than that of the disk at the higher temperatures. Although the total wear of both the pin and the disk decreased considerably with increase in temperature, the damage to the disk, judged by the wear depth of the scar, was much higher at elevated temperatures than at low temperatures. The roughnesses of the wear surfaces generally increased with increase in temperature. Less than 50% coverage of the scar surfaces by wear-protective oxide layers was sufficient for the severe-to-mild wear transition. However, the distribution of the wear-protective layers over the wear surfaces was non-uniform. Most of them were concentrated near the centre of the scar, along the sliding direction, under the present conditions. These features of the wear scar surfaces were mainly related to the adhesion and compaction of wear debris particles onto the wear surfaces, leading to development of the wear-protective layers at the various temperatures.     

ZTA陶瓷刀具连续切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能研究

研究两种自主研制的新型ZTA(Al2O3/Zr O2)陶瓷刀具切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能。刀具后刀面磨损量随切削深度和切削速度的增加而增大;刀具的主要磨损形态为后刀面磨损;主要磨损机理为后刀面磨粒磨损和部分粘结磨损。     

GCr15微动磨损转向往复滑动磨损特性的研究

对GCr15金属球和平面试块在300N的法向力作用下作了从微动磨损向往复滑动磨损转变的试验研究，对摩擦磨损过程中的磨损系数、摩擦力变化特性、磨痕的轮廓进行了分析研究。结果表明，在微动磨同往复滑动磨损转变前后，除磨损系数出现突变外，摩擦系数和磨痕的轮廓形貌也发生了比较大的变化，磨损转变过渡区的范围为70－100μm。     

陶瓷材料磨损机制及磨损程度评价方法综述

综合分析陶瓷材料摩擦磨损的机制和影响摩擦磨损的各种因素,如表面加工状况、载荷、速度、时间、温度、润滑等。介绍几种陶瓷材料摩擦磨损程度的评定方法,如用量纲一化参数(最大赫兹接触压力、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数Sc,硬度、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数S*)大小评价磨损程度,用磨损表面的粗糙度Ry与平均粒径Dg的比值评价陶瓷材料磨损程度,用磨损率评价陶瓷材料磨损程度等。以期指导人们进一步认识陶瓷摩擦磨损的本质规律,有目的地调整材料的性能以提高其耐磨性。     

组装式滑板对地铁接触线犁削磨损的影响

在弓网载流摩擦磨损实验台上,用直流恒流电源对组装式浸金属碳滑板以及银铜合金接触线进行摩擦磨损试验,研究组装式碳滑板的接缝间隙和滑板间高度差对地铁接触线犁削磨损及滑板异常磨耗现象的影响。试验结果表明:组装式碳滑板高度差会严重刮伤接触线,是接触线犁削磨损的主要原因,而接缝间隙仅会轻微划伤接触线;80 N以上的法向力会显著减小滑板的磨损率;接缝间隙较小时更容易刮伤接触线,造成犁削磨损。分析滑板磨损表面形貌发现:存在滑板间高度差时滑板会出现机械划痕,电气磨耗和接触线材料转移也比较严重。     

Wear reducing effects and temperature dependence of tribolayer formation in harsh environment

Certain materials show a tribolayer formation especially at enhanced temperatures in abrasive environment, building a wear protection layer with the abrasive on the surface. Three materials with different microstructures were tested in three-body abrasive and impact/abrasive environments at temperatures up to 700 °C to investigate tribolayer formation. Optical and electron microscopical methods were used for wear qualification. Furthermore, hot hardness tests were performed up to 700 °C to investigate the influence of hardness drop on tribolayer formation.It was shown that no significant tribolayer formation occurs on grey cast iron, whereas other materials form tribolayers. Generally, tribolayer formation increases with increasing testing temperature, especially for austenitic and ferritic materials. This entails a self-protecting effect and thus superior wear resistance in abrasive environment.     

Analysis of wear mechanism and influence factors of drum segment of hot rolling coiler

Because the work environment of segment is complex, and the wear failures usually happen, the wear mechanism corresponding to the load is a key factor for the solution of this problem. At present, many researchers have investigated the failure of segment, but have not taken into account the compositive influences of matching and coiling process. To investigate the wear failure of the drum segment of the hot rolling coiler, the MMU-5G abrasion tester is applied to simulate the wear behavior under different temperatures, different loads and different stages, and the friction coefficients and wear rates are acquired. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) is used to observe the micro-morphology of worn surface, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) is used to analyze the chemical composition of worn surface, finally the wear mechanism of segment in working process is judged and the influence regulars of the environmental factors on the material wear behaviors are found. The test and analysis results show that under certain load, the wear of the segment changes into oxidation wear from abrasive wear step by step with the temperature increases, and the wear degree reduces; under certain temperature, the main wear mechanism of segment changes into spalling wear from abrasive wear with the load increases, and the wear degree slightly increases. The proposed research provides a theoretical foundation and a practical reference for optimizing the wear behavior and extending the working life of segment.     

A Finite Element Approach to Modeling Abrasive Wear Modes

Machine components operating in sandy environments will wear because of the abrasive interaction with sand particles. In this work, a method is derived to predict the amount of wear caused by such abrasive action, in order to improve the maintenance concept of the components. A finite element model is used to simulate various tips scratching a smooth surface. The model is verified by comparing the obtained results with a set of experiments performed earlier (M. Woldman, et al., 2013, Wear, 301(1–2), pp 76–81).     

TC4合金冲击磨损性能与机制的研究

固定冲击频率,在3组大小不同的冲击力下,在自制的小载荷冲击磨损实验机上对TC4合金进行了系列周次的冲击试验,研究了TC4合金的冲击磨损性能与磨损机制.结果表明:试样的整个冲击磨损过程可分为3个阶段,即无磨损阶段、微量磨损阶段和严重磨损阶段,增加冲击力将缩小前2个阶段的进程,加速材料的磨损;在各冲击力下磨痕轮廓及形貌的变化规律基本一致.TC4合金的磨损过程是接触表面硬化、启裂、疲劳剥落的过程,其磨损机制主要表现为塑性变形和疲劳剥落.