Real-time video security system using chaos- improved advanced encryption standard (IAES)

Real-time multimedia applications are increasingly achieving success in the everyday world. Thereby, multimedia information relies on security to protect private life. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has been designed to secure different applications. Yet, some limitations are given, making it inappropriate for secure video storation and transmission. The limitations are the time complexity, the multiple iterations, and the predefined substitution box. Thus, any user can use it to break the encryption. Moreover, the multiple iterations augment the need for CPU usage, and so the overall run time. Hence, it is necessary to modify the AES algorithm to make it more appropriate for securing video frames transmission over insecure channel. In this paper, an Improved AES (IAES) is put forward, which improves both diffusion and confusion in ciphered video. Our work consists in the following two main points: First, we propose to eliminate both shift-row and sub-byte transformations and replace them with a mix-row operation. This task reduces the run time, which presents a significant factor for real-time video transmission. Equally important, we propose to use the henon chaotic map in the key generation procedure, which provides more randomness. The Hash Algorithm SHA-3 is used to generate the initial conditions of the chaotic attractor. The video encryption procedure is verified with success, and the experimental results confirm that the novel algorithm combining chaos and IAES augments the entropy of the ciphered video by 15% and reduces the complexity time for both encryption and decryption compared to the standard one. Security analysis is successfully performed, and the results prove that our suggested technique provides the basics of cryptography with more correctness. The PRNG is tested by NIST 800–22 test suit, which indicates that it is suitable for secure image encryption. It provides a large key space of 2¹²⁸ which resists the brute-force attack. All in all, the findings confirm that the novel security approach eliminates the limitation of the existing AES and provides a trade-off between speed and safety levels to secure video transmission.

     

CSCW网络安全问题探讨

该文从不同角度探讨ＣＳＣＷ系统的网络安全问题。分析ＣＳＣＷ网络安全策略;简述Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网上常用的基于路由器及路由协议、ＲＡＤＩＵＳ（ＲｅｍｏｔｅＡｕｔｈｅｎｔｉｃａｔｉｏｎＤｉａｌＩｎＵｓｅｒＳｅｒｖｉｃｅ）、身份认证（Ａｕｔｈｅｎｔｉｃａｔｉｏｎ）、访问控制（ＡｃｃｅｓｓＣｏｎｔｍｌ）、加密（Ｅｎｃｒｙｐｔｉｏｎ）、代理服务器（ＰｒｏｘｙＳｅｒｖｅｒ）、Ｗｅｂ服务器的安全机制、虚拟局域网ＶＬＡＮ（ＶｉｒｔｕａｌＬｏｃａｌＡｒｅａＮｅｔｗｏｒｋ）技术、网络管理及检测等提高网络性能和安全的重要技术;最后,给出一个可供参考的广域ＣＳＣＷ系统的网络结构及安全管理机制。     

混沌密钥调制DFRFT旋转因子的视频加密

现有分数阶傅里叶变换（FRFT）由于旋转因子的单一性很少应用于视频实时加密,而当前单纯混沌加密算法的安全性又存在着诸多缺陷。为此,提出一种新的视频实时加密算法——混沌密钥调制DFRFT旋转因子。该算法将混沌加密与分数阶傅里叶变换进行了有机结合。首先将离散分数阶傅里叶变换（DFRFT）的旋转因子用混沌密钥进行调制,然后用调制后的旋转因子对视频数据进行分数阶傅里叶变换,最终完成了对视频数据的加密系统。该加密系统在技术上实现了视频数据在客户端的实时采集、实时加密;密文在网络上的实时传输、密文在接收端的接收、实时解密和播放。实验结果表明,加、解密效果很好,满足了实时性与安全性的要求。对实验结果的理论、安全性分析表明,该算法简单易行、安全性高。该算法的安全性优于单纯的混沌加密算法或单纯傅里叶视频加密算法,且满足了实时性要求。为解决实时性与安全性冲突问题提供了一条新的途径。     

混沌密钥调制DFRFT旋转因子的视频加密研究

现有FRFT由于旋转因子的单一性很少应用于视频实时加密,而当前单纯混沌加密算法的安全性又存在着诸多缺陷。为此,提出一种新的视频实时加密算法——混沌密钥调制DFRFT旋转因子。该算法将混沌加密与分数阶傅里叶变换进行了有机结合。首先将DFRFT的旋转因子用混沌密钥进行调制,然后用调制后的旋转因子对视频数据进行分数阶傅里叶变换,最终完成了对视频数据的加密系统。本加密系统在技术上实现了视频数据在客户端的实时采集、实时加密;密文在网络上的实时传输、密文在接收端的接收、实时解密和播放。实验结果表明,加、解效果很好,满足了实时性与安全性的要求。对实验结果的理论、安全性分析表明,该算法简单易行、安全性高。该算法的安全性优于单纯的混沌加密算法或单纯傅里叶视频加密算法,且满足了实时性要求。为解决实时性与安全性冲突问题提供了一条新的途径。     

An enhanced algorithm for improving real-time video transmission for tele-training education

Tele-training in surgical education has not been effectively implemented. There is a stringent need for a high transmission rate, reliability, throughput, and reduced distortion for high-quality video transmission in the real-time network. This work aims to propose a system that improves video quality during real-time surgical tele-training. The proposed approach aims to minimise the video frame’s total distortion, ensuring better flow rate allocation and enhancing the video frames’ reliability. The proposed system consists of a proposed algorithm for Enhancing Video Quality, Distorting Minimization, Bandwidth efficiency, and Reliability Maximization called (EVQDMBRM) algorithm. The proposed algorithm reduces the video frame’s total distortion. In addition, it enhances the video quality in a real-time network by dynamically allocating the flow rate at the video source and maximizing the transmission reliability of the video frames. The result shows that the proposed EVQDMBRM algorithm improves the video quality with the minimized total distortion. Therefore, it improves the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) average by 51.13 dB against 47.28 dB in the existing systems. Furthermore, it reduces the video frames processing time average by 58.2 milliseconds (ms) against 76.1, and the end-to-end delay average by 114.57 ms against 133.58 ms comparing to the traditional methods. The proposed system concentrates on minimizing video distortion and improving the surgical video transmission quality by using an EVQDMBRM algorithm. It provides the mechanism to allocate the video rate at the source dynamically. Besides that, it minimizes the packet loss ratio and probing status, which estimates the available bandwidth.

     

基于加速稳健特征算法的监控摄像头视频融合技术

视频监控摄像头在现代安防中起到了不可替代的作用,为适应更多环境,摄像头技术也一直在不断发展。本文提出了一种可实现多摄像头画面实时拼接的技术设计方案:基于加速稳健特征算法,实现对视频单帧画面间的特征点进行提取及拼接;使用FFmpeg(Fast Forward Mpeg)媒体处理库进行视频摄像头媒体流文件的分解及最终融合视频的呈现;使用Qt框架实现程序开发及效果展示。经测试表明,该设计方案能在保证不降低画面分辨率的前提下,实现多摄像头的视频画面融合,画面扭曲程度低,为摄像头画面融合提供了一些参考。     

Computationally efficient selective video encryption with chaos based block cipher

Selective encryption techniques are usually used with resource limited communication infrastructure and devices like wireless networks and mobile devices, to reduce computational burden in securing large video data. This technique of securing a subset of data and hence reducing computation is usually considered a compromise on security. Similarly, if the data is not properly selected then the encryption procedure will result in compression inefficiency and format non-compliance. In this research work, these requirements of reduced computation with increased security, format compliance and compression efficiency are addressed. The security issue is addressed by carefully selecting the substitution boxes for the block cipher in use. For compression efficiency and compliance to the format the video data is selected such that the statistical and structural characteristics are preserved. In order to increase the security, different chaotic based substitution boxes, that are an integral part and the only nonlinear operation of the block ciphers, were studied for cryptographic strengths. The selected substitution boxes were used for permutation of selected video data and its encryption by integrating the S-box with the Advanced Encryption Standard and H.264/AVC. The video data selected to be secured, consist of discrete cosine transform coefficients; signs of trailing ones and non-zero transform coefficients. The discrete cosine transform coefficients were permuted using the selected S-box while the signs of trailing ones and non-zero transform coefficients were fully encrypted using AES with the modified S-box. Simulation results showed considerable visual degradation in the decoded video. It is also shown that the compression efficiency and format compliance was not compromised while keeping the computational load at minimum.     

ZLBM: zero level binary mapping technique for video security

In recent days, providing security to data is a crucial and critical task in many image processing applications. Specifically, video security is an important and demanding concept. For this purpose, some of the embedding, encoding and decoding techniques are mentioned in existing works, but it has some drawbacks such as increased time complexity, computational complexity and memory consumption. Moreover, it does not provide high security during video transmission. To overcome all these issues, a new technique, namely, Zero Level Binary Mapping (ZLBM) is proposed in this paper for video embedding scheme. The motivation of this paper is to provide high security during video transformation by using the video steganography technique. At first, the cover and stego videos are given as the inputs and it will be converted into the video frames for further processing. Here, the Fuzzy Adaptive Median Filtering (FAMF) technique is employed to remove the impulse noise in the video frames. Then, the pixels in the filtered frames are grouped by using the block wise pixel grouping technique. After that, the frames are embedded with the help of ZLBM technique and encoded based on the patch wise code formation technique. On the receiver side, the inverse ZLBM and block wise pixel regrouping techniques are applied to get the original cover and stego videos. The novel concept of this paper is the use of ZLBM and patch wise code formation techniques for video embedding and compression. The main advantages of the proposed system are high security, good quality and reduced complexity. The experimental results evaluate the performance of the proposed video embedding technique in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Compression Ratio (CR), Bits Per Pixel (BPP) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).     

基于多协议融合的实时移动视频监控系统

提出一种支持多协议融合的实时视频监控系统的设计与实现方案.系统可通过 Hi3520嵌入式处理器平台和移动端摄像头进行视频采集,采用H.264/AVC压缩编码和参数优化,兼容RTP/RTSP和RTMP多种通信协议进行媒体流传输;设计的Android的移动客户端可以实现视频数据的实时解析、网络串流等.实验测试表明： PC和采集端显示的画面仅有1~1.5秒延迟,系统可以灵活实现不同应用场景下的高清、实时监控.     

基于Boa服务器的网络视频传输系统的实现

本文介绍了一种基于嵌入式Linux和ARM微处理器的视频传输系统。该系统通过USB摄像头采集视频数据,经MPEG-4对视频流媒体进行压缩编码,采用端对端的实时传输协议/实时传输控制协议(RTP/RTCP)实现视频数据的网络传输,采用了CGI技术、B/S模式浏览及动态IP绑定。整个系统建立在嵌入式的构架上,能独立完成实时视频的采集、处理及传输,可用于家居安防、网络视频、远程监控等领域。     

A novel augmented reality visualization in jaw surgery: enhanced ICP based modified rotation invariant and modified correntropy

Image registration, accuracy, processing time and occlusions are the main limitations of augmented reality (AR) based jaw surgery. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to reduce the registration error, which will help in improving the accuracy and reducing the processing time. Also, it aims to remove outliers and remove the registration outcomes trapped in local minima to improve the alignment problems and remove the occlusion caused by surgery instrument. The enhanced Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm with rotation invariant and correntropy was used for the proposed system. Markerless image registration technique was used for AR-based jaw surgery. The problem of occlusion caused by surgical tools and blood is solved by using stereo based tracing with occlusion handling techniques. This research reduced alignment error 0.59 mm?~?0.62 mm against 0.69?~?0.72 mm of state-of-the-art solution. The processing time of video frames was enhanced to 11.9?~?12.8 fps against 8?~?9.15 fps in state-of-the-art solution. This paper is focused on providing fast and accurate AR-based system for jaw surgery. The proposed system helps in improving the AR visualization during jaw surgery. The combination of methods and technology helped in improving AR visualization for jaw surgery and to overcome the failure caused by a large rotation angle and provides an initial parameter for better image registration. It also enhances performance by removing outliers and noises. The pose refinement stage provides a better result in terms of processing time and accuracy.

     

AES算法及其在DSP中优化实现

AES（高级加密标准）是为了取代旧的DES（数据加密标准）而制定的,它具有更高的安全性能。本文简要阐述了AES算法,并为适应信息安全领域中音视频高速数据流所需的实时、现场和透明加密的要求,探讨了AES算法的优化问题。最后,本文给出了优化AES在DSP中的具体实现。     

基于Lorenz混沌系统的MPEG视频加密算法

为解决视频信息的安全问题,提出了一种利用Lorenz混沌系统,将加密过程融入到压缩过程的MPEG视频加密算法。利用Lorenz系统所产生的三维混沌序列,分别在I帧、P帧和B帧的压缩过程中,对DC、AC系数以及运动矢量进行混沌加密,并对I帧中的亮度信息以块为单位进行混沌置乱。由于加密在压缩过程中完成,该加密算法具有较好的实时性和较高的安全性。     

基于频度域选择置乱算法的网络视频加密系统设计

从网络视频系统的实际需求出发,将频度域选择置乱MPEG加密算法与公钥基础设施PKI相结合,提出了包括视频流加解密及密码安全分发在内的一整套系统方案设计。该系统能满足处理大数据量视频信息的实时要求,切实保障了数据及系统安全性。     

Remote Video Monitoring Over the WWW

Remote video monitoring has become increasingly important for monitoring the security of destined locations. Traditional security monitoring systems using coaxial cables and VCR recording systems are expensive and ineffective. With the rapid growth of the Internet, it is now possible to use it as an intermediate transmission medium to support real-time video transmission. This paper proposes a web-based remote monitoring system known as iSecure. Apart from the essential live or stored video transmission, intelligent monitoring and web-based monitoring are also supported. As the transmission of live video data through the packet switched network environment of the Internet can result in packet loss and quality degradation, the iSecure system has implemented an adaptive transmission and recovery mechanism to enhance the quality of real-time video transmission. Intelligent monitoring for elevator security and face-based door access control applications has been incorporated. The iSecure system can be used as a framework for developing other intelligent remote monitoring applications.     

视频会议系统身份认证的一种解决方案

视频会议系统的安全问题日趋重要。身份认证是视频会议系统安全体制中最为重要的环节。文章总结了当前视频会议系统中对用户身份进行认证的方法,指出了它们存在的缺陷。提出了一种基于智能IC卡和改进的kerberos协议的视频会议系统身份认证的解决方案,并对其安全性进行了分析     

基于ZYNQ的远程图像采集系统设计

针对传统图像采集系统远程图像传输延时长和数据丢失的缺点,设计了一种基于ZYNQ芯片开发的实时视频采集与图像传输系统;系统具有两个采集通道,模拟视频信号通过BNC(Bayonet Neill-Concelman)信号线接入设备并经过ADC(Analog-to-Digital Converter)完成信号的数字化;利用主控芯片内部的FPGA资源部署并行处理单元完成对数字化图像数据的低时延处理;通过驱动片内AXI(Advanced eXtensible Interface)总线以DMA(Direct Memory Access)的方式将数据传输至DDR3存储器中;利用芯片内部的双核ARM Cortex-A9处理器高性能,在采集设备上移植嵌入式Linux系统,搭建Gstreamer流媒体应用服务器端,实现整个采集系统复杂任务调度和图像数据远程网络传输;与传统单ARM或DSP处理器的图像采集系统相比,该系统具有FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)的并行处理能力和高带宽的内部互联总线的优势,提高了图像数据处理速度,降低了图像数据由采集端到存储器的传输延时,提供了稳定远程图像传输功能,经实验测试该系统实现了每秒25帧的视频信号输出,与前端ADC的采集速率保持一致,整个采集展示的过程中视频画面连续且稳定。     

Zynq芯片的三维视频混沌保密通信系统设计

本文基于具有FPGA+ARM架构的Zynq芯片,提出了一种新的实时视频混沌保密通信系统的设计方案.阐述了一种三维视频混沌加密算法的原理并且加以应用,详细介绍了系统设计方法和软硬件实现过程.利用Zynq的FPGA资源实现视频的采集和显示,ARM处理器实现混沌加密与解密和网络收发功能.最终在局域网内实现了视频的实时采集加密和自同步解密,获得了良好的安全性和实时性,为混沌保密通信的应用提供了新方向.     

混沌加密技术在RFID安全中的应用研究

为了提高低成本的RFID系统的安全性,利用混沌系统产生的混沌序列对RFID系统中阅读器与标签之间传输的数据进行了加密。混沌序列的产生,采用了基于m-序列的参数变量可变的Logistic映射。另外,为了提高混沌序列的周期,用m-序列对由Logistic映射产生的序列进行扰动。加解密采用同样的机制,可以很好地实现数据的加解密,从而可以降低RFID系统的成本。进而建立了一个基于混沌加密技术的RFID系统安全模型,并对其工作流程及读写控制机制进行了分析。     

基于IPP的MPEG-4编解码研究与实现

研究了Intel提供的用于多媒体处理的集成性能原件IPP函数库以及MPEG-4视频压缩编解码技术,提出了一种利用IPP函数进行MPEG-4视频压缩编解码方法,并在Intel PXA255上成功地实现了无线网络环境下的MPEG-4视频图像实时传输,为在嵌入式系统中进行多媒体实时处理提供了一种新方法。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。