Effect of Forming Process on Microstructure and

用OM, SEM, TEM和电子万能试验机对不同方法制备的ZK60镁合金薄带的组织和力学性能进行了研究。常规铸造ZK60镁合金轧制后仍为等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸明显细化,双辊铸轧ZK60镁合金条带温轧变形后,显微组织由树枝晶转变为纤维状变形组织,且有高密度剪切带产生,温轧过程中没有明显的动态再结晶发生。轧制后两种合金均具有良好的力学性能,轧制态铸轧合金的强度明显高于传统铸造合金,伸长率略低于传统铸造合金。退火热处理后两种合金均发生了再结晶,得到等轴晶组织,且铸轧合金的组织比传统铸造合金的组织更加均匀细小。退火热处理使薄带的强度略有下降,而伸长率大幅度提高,退火后双辊铸轧合金和传统铸造合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为：388 MPa,301 MPa,22.9%和311 MPa,219 MPa,19.3%。镁合金薄带制备过程的晶粒细化归因于剪切带、位错和挛晶的产生及后续退火过程中再结晶。     

汽车用镁合金温轧工艺与性能研究

以ZK60镁合金为研究对象,讨论了温轧工艺对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,镁合金温轧后显微组织由树枝晶变为纤维状的变形组织,轧制温度越高,动态再结晶越容易产生,且剪切带密度降低;将镁合金进行退火处理后,剪切带密度进一步降低。随着轧制温度的增加,镁合金薄带强度降低,伸长率增加。经退火处理后,强度低于相应温度轧制态,伸长率高于轧制态。随着道次间压下量的提高,镁合金组织中剪切带和孪晶密度增加,强度和伸长率增加。     

AZ451镁合金薄带的组织和力学性能研究

利用OM,SEM,TEM,数字显微硬度计和电子万能试验机,对常规轧制与铸轧法制备的AZ451镁合金薄带的显微组织和力学性能进行了分析.常规铸锭轧制后仍为等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸明显细化.铸轧条带在350 ℃多道次轧制后显微组织由树枝晶转变为纤维状变形组织, 350 ℃/10 min热处理后合金发生再结晶,得到等轴晶组织.轧制后两种合金均具有良好的力学性能,双辊铸轧合金的强度和延伸率均明显高于传统铸造合金的强度和延伸率,两种合金1 mm厚薄带经350 ℃/10 min均匀化退火后的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为334.4 MPa,229.3 MPa,23.8%和270.8 MPa,174.4 MPa,10.8%.两种合金的断口形貌均呈现河流花样,撕裂棱和韧窝共存,是明显的韧性断裂,铸轧合金的韧窝更明显,尺寸更小一些,这与铸轧合金的组织更细小有关.     

细化剂对AZ31镁合金板材显微组织的影响

试验研究了以Al-Ti-C、MgCO3作为细化剂对双辊铸轧镁合金薄带微观组织的影响.结果表明,添加了细化剂的薄带其铸轧组织基本为等轴晶,晶粒明显细化,其中加Al-Ti-C作为细化剂的效果要明显优于加MgCO3的.较低轧制温度下轧制获得的薄板的微观组织仍保留了少量的铸轧组织,但随着轧制温度的升高,孪晶组织明显减少,再结晶程度显著提高.添加细化剂的铸轧镁合金组织在轧制后仍有一定的遗传性,但细化程度没有铸轧时的那么显著.     

双辊铸轧-热轧镁合金组织的试验研究

研究了双辊铸轧及热轧镁合金薄带的生产工艺，利用铸轧坯直接进行热轧，研究轧制工艺参数及轧后冷却条件对镁合金微观组织的影响。结果表明，350℃轧制时，其变形组织再结晶程度、晶粒细化和均匀化程度最好。随着压下率的增大，镁合金的晶粒明显地细化，组织变得更加均匀。空冷条件下的镁合金组织比淬火条件下的组织更均匀，晶粒的等轴化效果也比较明显。     

交叉轧制对ZK60镁合金组织演变和性能的影响

研究了轧制方式对ZK60镁合金组织与织构的影响规律,同时通过对退火后板材进行室温拉伸试验研究了其力学性能。经过交叉轧制的镁合金板材由于二次孪晶的生成及非基面滑移系的启动促使再结晶程度增大,晶粒细化效果显著,退火后平均晶粒尺寸达到6.43μm。同时交叉轧制会迫使晶粒向TD方向旋转,从而降低织构强度,改变织构类型。相比于单向轧制,交叉轧制后板材的平均抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高到321 MPa和25.7%,伸长率提高了近50%;塑性应变比、平面各向异性指数、屈强比等指标也得到了改善。结果表明,交叉轧制可有效调控镁合金板材组织及其均匀性、提高力学性能和成形性能。     

ZK60镁合金热压变形和退火中的组织与织构演变

利用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜悬挂的EBSD背散射衍射实验观察并研究了ZK60镁合金铸轧条带在热压(350℃/0.1 s-1)及退火处理(退火温度分别为250,300,350和400℃,退火时间分别为100,1000,5000,10000和50000 s)条件下的微观结构组织与织构演变。利用动态再结晶理论分析了ZK60镁合金铸轧条带、条带经小应变变形和大应变变形条件下的微观结构演变机理,利用静态再结晶理论分析了试样在不同热处理条件下的组织变化。结果表明,铸扎条带在热压变形后基面织构由弱变强,滑移和孪生导致动态再结晶发生,随应变增加,出现剪切带,晶粒明显细化。退火后基面织构逐渐弱化,基面沿轧制方向发生倾转,材料发生了明显静态再结晶。     

AZ31镁合金薄带立式双辊铸轧试验研究

利用近终形双辊铸轧薄带新工艺快速凝固、动态直接成形的特点,直接制备镁合金薄带坯。研究了镁合金立式铸轧成形工艺及退火工艺,分析了不同工艺下的微观组织。结果表明:采用铸轧工艺很好的解决了坯料成形问题,同时细化晶粒,提高镁合金薄带坯的加工成形性能。经400℃,60 min退火,可以获得平均直径9～10μm分布均匀的等轴细晶组织。     

轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

在250 ℃对轧制-热处理态ZK60镁合金板材进行9道次不同路径的轧制试验。采用光学显微镜、电子万能试验机、SEM、XRD等研究了轧制试验后ZK60镁合金的显微组织、室温拉伸性能、断口形貌及晶粒择优取向。结果表明:轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材的晶粒尺寸变化无明显影响,但压下量对镁合金组织内的孪晶变化有很大影响;轧制路径的变化对ZK60镁合金板材的各向异性和力学性能有较大影响,在交叉+45°的路径下轧制后ZK60镁合金板材,各向异性较弱,具有良好的综合力学性能和轧制成形能力,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到244.31 MPa、371.14 MPa和25.46%;交叉+45°路径轧制对ZK60镁合金的晶粒择优取向有明显影响,能够改善镁合金板材的晶粒择优取向和各向异性,提高ZK60镁合金的力学性能。     

镁合金等通道转角挤压过程中的晶粒细化机制

采用金相显微镜、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析ZK60镁合金在等通道转角挤压(ECAP)过程中不同部位的显微组织特征。结果表明:ZK60镁合金经240℃ECAP变形1道次后,合金的晶粒得到明显细化,但组织仍不均匀。剪切变形前,合金组织主要为粗大晶粒并伴有大量孪晶,剪切区的组织主要为剪切变形带和少量再结晶组织;剪切变形后,合金的晶粒组织主要为再结晶组织;合金ECAP过程的晶粒细化主要为机械剪切和动态再结晶的综合作用。     

Effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy

Twin roll cast ZK60 alloy strip/sheet with final thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared,and effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture development was investigated using OM and XRD technique,microstructure and texture were measured on specimens subjected to rolling experiment at different rolling temperature,and macrotexture was also evaluated by X-ray diffraction method.In addition,the(1 010)and(0002) pole figures were measured,and the tensile test was performed to reveal the influence of rolling temperature on mechanical properties.The results show that the microstructure of ZK60 alloy sheet consisted of fibrous structure with elongated grains,and shear bands along the rolling direction after warm rolling.Dynamic recrystallization could be found during the warm rolling process at rolling temperature 350 °C and above.And many fine recrystallized grain could be observed in the shear bands area.It is a little difficult to see the recrystallized grain in the sheet warm rolled at 300 °C because of higher density of shear bands.The warm rolled ZK60 alloy sheet exhibited strong(0002) pole texture,the intensity of(0002) pole figure decreases with the increasing of rolling temperature and the basal pole tilted slightly to the transverse direction after warm rolling.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Mn-Ca alloy sheet produced by twin roll casting and sequential warm rolling

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of twin roll cast (TRC) Mg-3.3 wt.%Al-0.8 wt.%Mn-0.2 wt.%Ca (AM31 + 0.2Ca) alloy strip during warm rolling and subsequent annealing were investigated in this paper. The as-TRC alloy strip shows columnar dendrites in surface and equiaxed dendrites in center regions, as well as finely dispersed primary Al₈Mn₅ particles on interdendritic boundaries which result in the beneficial effect on microstructural refinement of strip casting. The warm rolled sheets show intensively deformed band or shear band structures, as well as finely and homogeneously dispersed Al-Mn particles. No evident dynamic recrystallization (DRX) takes place during warm rolling process, which is more likely attributed to the finely dispersed particle and high solid solution of Al and Mn atoms in α-Mg matrix. After annealing at 350 °C for 1 h, the warm rolled TRC sheets show fine equiaxed grains around 7.8 μm in average size. It has been shown that the present TRC alloy sheet has superior tensile strength and comparative elongation compared to commercial ingot cast (IC) one, suggesting the possibility of the development of wrought magnesium alloy sheets by twin roll strip casting processing. The microstructural evolution during warm rolling and subsequent annealing as well as the resulting tensile properties were analyzed and discussed.     

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy ZK60 by Asymmetric Reduction Rolling

The improvement of mechanical properties of ZK60 processed by asymmetric reduction rolling(ARR) was investigated in this paper. The grain refinement and basal texture intensity decrease were attributed to the introduction of shear stress produced by ARR process. Compared to conventional symmetrical rolled(SR) ZK60 alloys, ARRed ZK60 exhibited finer, more homogeneous grains and higher mechanical properties. The intensity of basal texture of ARRed ZK60 after annealing was lower than that of SRed ZK60 after annealing. ZK60 sheet with good combination of strength and ductility could be obtained by ARR process. The yield strength(YS) and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the ARRed ZK60 sheet were increased 150% and 91.3%, compared to those of SRed ZK60 sheet, from 80 to 200 MPa and from 140 to264 MPa, respectively. Simultaneously, the elongation to failure increased by 68.75% in the ARR sheet(27%) when compared to that of the SR sheet(16%).     

固溶处理对7B04铝合金冷轧板组织性能的影响

在实验室中制备了试验用7B04铝合金,经铸造-均质化退火-热轧-中间退火-冷轧后制得7B04铝合金板材,并对合金板材进行了后续固溶时效处理,研究了固溶处理对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,470 ℃×1 h固溶+120 ℃×21 h时效处理铝合金冷轧板材再结晶明显,有少量晶粒处于伸长状态,除粗大第二相粒子外,未发现细小第二相粒子,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为596 MPa,屈服强度为537 MPa,伸长率为14.88%。固溶温度达到480 ℃时,合金再结晶明显,但保温时间不能超过0.5 h,否则合金强度和塑性下降。     

终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响

采用拉伸和硬度测试、显微组织及拉伸断口观察等方法研究了终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响。结果表明,未经退火时,板材表层已经发生再结晶,而中心层组织仅发生回复过程。退火处理后,随退火温度的升高,合金板材的强度、硬度下降,而伸长率增加。5052铝合金终轧温度不低于330 ℃时,可在后续的冷加工获得较为均匀的组织,经400~500 ℃退火可获得综合性能较为优异(R_m≥175 MPa、R_p0.2≥65 MPa和A≥32%)的5052-O态合金板材。     

温轧工艺对6061铸轧板材显微组织和力学性能影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及万能拉伸机等研究了不同温轧温度及累积压下率对双辊铸轧6061铝合金板材组织性能的影响。结果表明,6061铝合金铸轧板组织主要由耐热相Al0.7Fe3Si0.3、Al9Fe0.84Mn2.16Si及少量强化相Mg2Si组成。合金中第二相随温轧道次递增逐渐由网格状、片状转变为沿轧制方向的线条状,最终变为细小的颗粒状。温轧后,有新的析出相Al0.5Fe3Si0.5产生,且Mg2Si相的数量增多。6061铝合金铸轧板较为适宜的温轧工艺为:370℃轧制+80%累积压下率,此时铸轧板热处理后的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别88.48 MPa,318.76 MPa和20.53%。     

终轧加工率对钼及钼镧合金板材组织及性能的影响

以粉末冶金方法生产的25min×280min×320mm纯钼及钼镧合金板坯为实验原料,研究了不同的热轧终轧加工率对钼及钼镧合金板显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,将纯钼及钼镧合金板热轧终轧加工率控制在50％以上,轧后纯钼板材的显微组织为细化的纤维流线组织,纵、横向的吃分别为795,885MPa,也分别达到27％,21％,其后续的温轧加工不开裂;而钼镧合金板材不论是显微组织,还是力学性能均好于纯钼。进一步的生产实践证明,将钼及钼镧合金板的热轧终轧加工率控制在50％以上,其强度、塑性和硬度匹配良好,弯曲性能和后序的温轧加工性能明显提高。     

Effect of Mg-Zn-Nd spherical quasicrystals on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 alloy

To improve the strength, toughness, heat-resistance and deformability of magnesium alloy, the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 alloy strengthened by Mg-Zn-Nd spherical quasi-crystal phase (I-phase) particles were investigated. Mg40Zn55Nd5 (I-phase) particles in addition to α-Mg, MgZn phase and MgZn2 phases can be obtained in ZK60-based composites under normal casting condition by the addition of quasi-crystal containing Mg-Zn-Nd master alloy. The experimental results show that the introduction of Mg-Zn-Nd spherical quasi-crystal phase into ZK60 alloy makes a great contribution to the refinement of the matrix microstructures and the improvement of mechanical properties. While adding Mg-Zn-Nd spherical quasi-crystal master alloy of 4.0wt.%, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of ZK60-based composite at ambient temperature reach their peak values of 256.7 MPa and 150.4 MPa, which were about 17.8% and 24.1% higher respectively than those of the ZK60 alloy. The improved mechanical properties are mainly attributed to the pinning effect of the quasi-crystal particles (I-phase) at the grain boundaries. This research results provide a new way for strengthening and toughening of magnesium alloys as well as a new application of Mg-based spherical quasi-crystals.