成形过程对ZK60镁合金薄带组织和力学性能的影响

用OM,SEM,TEM和电子万能试验机对不同方法制备的ZK60镁合金薄带的组织和力学性能进行了研究.常规铸造ZK60镁合金轧制后仍为等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸明显细化,双辊铸轧ZK60镁合金条带温轧变形后,显微组织由树枝晶转变为纤维状变形组织,且有高密度剪切带产生,温轧过程中没有明显的动态再结晶发生.轧制后两种合金均具有良好的力学性能,轧制态铸轧合金的强度明显高于传统铸造合金,伸长率略低于传统铸造合金.退火热处理后两种合金均发生了再结晶,得到等轴晶组织,且铸轧合金的组织比传统铸造合金的组织更加均匀细小.退火热处理使薄带的强度略有下降,而伸长率大幅度提高,退火后双辊铸轧合金和传统铸造合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为:388 MPa,301 MPa,22.9％和311MPa,219 MPa,19.3％.镁合金薄带制备过程的晶粒细化归因于剪切带、位错和挛晶的产生及后续退火过程中再结晶.     

Effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy

Twin roll cast ZK60 alloy strip/sheet with final thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared,and effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture development was investigated using OM and XRD technique,microstructure and texture were measured on specimens subjected to rolling experiment at different rolling temperature,and macrotexture was also evaluated by X-ray diffraction method.In addition,the(1 010)and(0002) pole figures were measured,and the tensile test was performed to reveal the influence of rolling temperature on mechanical properties.The results show that the microstructure of ZK60 alloy sheet consisted of fibrous structure with elongated grains,and shear bands along the rolling direction after warm rolling.Dynamic recrystallization could be found during the warm rolling process at rolling temperature 350 °C and above.And many fine recrystallized grain could be observed in the shear bands area.It is a little difficult to see the recrystallized grain in the sheet warm rolled at 300 °C because of higher density of shear bands.The warm rolled ZK60 alloy sheet exhibited strong(0002) pole texture,the intensity of(0002) pole figure decreases with the increasing of rolling temperature and the basal pole tilted slightly to the transverse direction after warm rolling.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Mn-Ca alloy sheet produced by twin roll casting and sequential warm rolling

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of twin roll cast (TRC) Mg-3.3 wt.%Al-0.8 wt.%Mn-0.2 wt.%Ca (AM31 + 0.2Ca) alloy strip during warm rolling and subsequent annealing were investigated in this paper. The as-TRC alloy strip shows columnar dendrites in surface and equiaxed dendrites in center regions, as well as finely dispersed primary Al₈Mn₅ particles on interdendritic boundaries which result in the beneficial effect on microstructural refinement of strip casting. The warm rolled sheets show intensively deformed band or shear band structures, as well as finely and homogeneously dispersed Al-Mn particles. No evident dynamic recrystallization (DRX) takes place during warm rolling process, which is more likely attributed to the finely dispersed particle and high solid solution of Al and Mn atoms in α-Mg matrix. After annealing at 350 °C for 1 h, the warm rolled TRC sheets show fine equiaxed grains around 7.8 μm in average size. It has been shown that the present TRC alloy sheet has superior tensile strength and comparative elongation compared to commercial ingot cast (IC) one, suggesting the possibility of the development of wrought magnesium alloy sheets by twin roll strip casting processing. The microstructural evolution during warm rolling and subsequent annealing as well as the resulting tensile properties were analyzed and discussed.     

固溶处理对7B04铝合金冷轧板组织性能的影响

在实验室中制备了试验用7B04铝合金,经铸造-均质化退火-热轧-中间退火-冷轧后制得7B04铝合金板材,并对合金板材进行了后续固溶时效处理,研究了固溶处理对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,470 ℃×1 h固溶+120 ℃×21 h时效处理铝合金冷轧板材再结晶明显,有少量晶粒处于伸长状态,除粗大第二相粒子外,未发现细小第二相粒子,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为596 MPa,屈服强度为537 MPa,伸长率为14.88%。固溶温度达到480 ℃时,合金再结晶明显,但保温时间不能超过0.5 h,否则合金强度和塑性下降。     

终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响

采用拉伸和硬度测试、显微组织及拉伸断口观察等方法研究了终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响。结果表明,未经退火时,板材表层已经发生再结晶,而中心层组织仅发生回复过程。退火处理后,随退火温度的升高,合金板材的强度、硬度下降,而伸长率增加。5052铝合金终轧温度不低于330 ℃时,可在后续的冷加工获得较为均匀的组织,经400~500 ℃退火可获得综合性能较为优异(R_m≥175 MPa、R_p0.2≥65 MPa和A≥32%)的5052-O态合金板材。     

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy ZK60 by Asymmetric Reduction Rolling

The improvement of mechanical properties of ZK60 processed by asymmetric reduction rolling(ARR) was investigated in this paper. The grain refinement and basal texture intensity decrease were attributed to the introduction of shear stress produced by ARR process. Compared to conventional symmetrical rolled(SR) ZK60 alloys, ARRed ZK60 exhibited finer, more homogeneous grains and higher mechanical properties. The intensity of basal texture of ARRed ZK60 after annealing was lower than that of SRed ZK60 after annealing. ZK60 sheet with good combination of strength and ductility could be obtained by ARR process. The yield strength(YS) and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the ARRed ZK60 sheet were increased 150% and 91.3%, compared to those of SRed ZK60 sheet, from 80 to 200 MPa and from 140 to264 MPa, respectively. Simultaneously, the elongation to failure increased by 68.75% in the ARR sheet(27%) when compared to that of the SR sheet(16%).     

Microstructure comparison of ZK60 alloy under casting, twin roll casting and hot compression

The microstructures of ZK60 alloy under conventional direct as-casting (DC),twin roll casting (TRC) and twin roll casting followed by hot compression (TRC-HC) were analyzed by optical morphology (OM),electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The deformation condition of hot compression is 350 ℃,0.1 s?1.The microstructural evolution under TRC-HC deformation followed by annealing at different temperatures and time was discussed.The results show that TRC provides more modified microstructure compared with DC.Twins are found in TRC processing;dynamic recrystallization (DRX),shear bands and twins are found in TRC-HC.A short annealing time has little effect on hardness,while during a long time annealing,it is found that low annealing temperatures increase the micro-hardness and high temperature decreases it.     

轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

在250 ℃对轧制-热处理态ZK60镁合金板材进行9道次不同路径的轧制试验。采用光学显微镜、电子万能试验机、SEM、XRD等研究了轧制试验后ZK60镁合金的显微组织、室温拉伸性能、断口形貌及晶粒择优取向。结果表明:轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材的晶粒尺寸变化无明显影响,但压下量对镁合金组织内的孪晶变化有很大影响;轧制路径的变化对ZK60镁合金板材的各向异性和力学性能有较大影响,在交叉+45°的路径下轧制后ZK60镁合金板材,各向异性较弱,具有良好的综合力学性能和轧制成形能力,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到244.31 MPa、371.14 MPa和25.46%;交叉+45°路径轧制对ZK60镁合金的晶粒择优取向有明显影响,能够改善镁合金板材的晶粒择优取向和各向异性,提高ZK60镁合金的力学性能。     

脉冲电流轧制对AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

对比研究脉冲电流轧制工艺与温轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材的力学性能、织构、微观组织与沉淀相等方面的影响。结果表明：脉冲电流具有促进冷轧AZ31镁合金低温再结晶能力的作用。脉冲电流轧制后的镁合金板材组织由细小的等轴再结晶粒与析出相构成,没有发现孪晶组织,并且完全再结晶,原始晶粒均被细小的再结晶晶粒取代,再结晶晶粒内的位错密度低。而温轧镁合金组织则由稍拉长变形孪晶、粗大的再结晶晶粒和析出相构成,再结晶的晶粒内位错密度高。两种轧制方式下的镁合金析出相均为Mg17Al12。脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的织构具有典型基面织构的特征,而脉冲电流轧制镁合金的织构则出现横向偏转;脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的屈服强度与伸长率均比温轧镁合金的大,但抗拉强度正好相反。     

微量铬强化B10合金形变热处理后的组织及性能

利用真空感应熔炼-铸造工艺制备了微量铬强化的B10合金(即Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr(mass%)合金),并对铸态合金进行固溶、冷变形及退火处理,采用光学显微镜、拉伸测试和四线制测量法等研究了不同处理状态下Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr合金的显微组织、力学性能和电导率。结果表明,铸态Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr合金晶粒为等轴状,晶粒中均匀分布着黑色颗粒状析出相;再结晶退火后合金的组织均匀细小,晶粒内有明显的退火孪晶。铸态合金的导电性最好,电导率为17.15%IACS,900℃固溶2 h后合金的导电性最差,电导率为12.30%IACS。冷轧态(50%变形量)合金的强度、硬度最高,分别为340 MPa、112 HB,延塑性最差,伸长率只有8%;再结晶退火态合金综合力学性能最好;随着退火温度升高,冷轧态合金形变组织逐渐消失,且退火温度愈高,形变组织消失得愈明显,同时晶粒在退火过程中发生长大,最终导致合金强度、硬度降低,塑性增加。     

再结晶退火对Mg-1.5Y板材组织、织构及性能的影响

利用十字交叉轧制工艺制备了Mg-1.5Y合金板材,研究了再结晶退火(475℃/15min)对其微观组织、宏观织构、力学性能及成形性能的影响。结果表明,退火促使轧制板材发生强烈的静态再结晶,形成均匀的等轴晶组织。轧制态板材呈现出近圆形-双峰织构分布特征,(0002)面极点由法向(ND)向轧制方向2(RD2)倾转大约±20o;再结晶退火后,基面极点沿轧制交角方向发生劈裂,形成蝴蝶状-多峰弱织构分布特征,且晶粒取向更加随机化,最大极密度由轧制态的5.0降低至2.8。退火态板材的断后伸长率、杯突值分别达到30.5%、4.4mm,相对于轧制态分别提高了63%、42%。     

温轧工艺对6061铸轧板材显微组织和力学性能影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及万能拉伸机等研究了不同温轧温度及累积压下率对双辊铸轧6061铝合金板材组织性能的影响。结果表明,6061铝合金铸轧板组织主要由耐热相Al0.7Fe3Si0.3、Al9Fe0.84Mn2.16Si及少量强化相Mg2Si组成。合金中第二相随温轧道次递增逐渐由网格状、片状转变为沿轧制方向的线条状,最终变为细小的颗粒状。温轧后,有新的析出相Al0.5Fe3Si0.5产生,且Mg2Si相的数量增多。6061铝合金铸轧板较为适宜的温轧工艺为:370℃轧制+80%累积压下率,此时铸轧板热处理后的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别88.48 MPa,318.76 MPa和20.53%。     

退火对冷轧Al0.2CoCrFe2Ni高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同温度退火对80%冷轧Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni高熵合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD) 、电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)、微控电子万能试验机分别对合金进行了晶体结构、织构类型和力学性能的表征。结果表明,合金在铸态、轧制态以及退火态都表现为稳定FCC晶体结构。合金铸态下呈现典型的树枝晶组织,经80% 轧制后出现了明显的轧制变形带,在随后的退火过程中发生再结晶,其再结晶晶粒体积分数及其晶粒尺寸随着退火温度的升高而增加。合金经过80%轧制后主要表现为(111)<112>织构,其织构强度随着退火温度的升高而降低。80%轧制使Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni合金获得较大的抗拉强度(1005 MPa)和较低的塑性(10%), 随着退火温度的提高,合金的强度降低塑性增强,并在700 ℃退火时合金获得最佳的综合力学性能,该过程主要取决于合金中的位错密度、再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸及其再结晶织构的演变。     

退火对海绵钛/电解钛熔炼TC4合金铸锭轧制板材组织性能的影响

以海绵钛和电解钛分别作为熔炼TC4钛合金的原材料,将熔炼后的铸锭进行热轧并退火处理,研究不同原料铸锭轧制的TC4合金板材退火处理后的组织与力学性能。结果表明:去应力退火对电解钛与海绵钛TC4合金板材组织的影响不大。再结晶退火后,电解钛与海绵钛TC4合金板材均有再结晶的等轴α相,而电解钛TC4合金的等轴化程度更高,内部组织更均匀。海绵钛TC4合金板材在经550 ℃退火处理后的应力去除效果比电解钛TC4合金的好,其强度略微降低,而塑性提升更为明显。电解钛TC4合金板材在经过800 ℃退火处理后的再结晶效果比海绵钛TC4合金好,其强度略微降低,而塑性得到极大的提升。两种钛合金板材退火后板材的断裂方式皆为韧性断裂。海绵钛TC4合金板材经退火后硬度降低,而电解钛TC4合金板材经退火后硬度增加。     

终轧加工率对钼及钼镧合金板材组织及性能的影响

以粉末冶金方法生产的25min×280min×320mm纯钼及钼镧合金板坯为实验原料,研究了不同的热轧终轧加工率对钼及钼镧合金板显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,将纯钼及钼镧合金板热轧终轧加工率控制在50％以上,轧后纯钼板材的显微组织为细化的纤维流线组织,纵、横向的吃分别为795,885MPa,也分别达到27％,21％,其后续的温轧加工不开裂;而钼镧合金板材不论是显微组织,还是力学性能均好于纯钼。进一步的生产实践证明,将钼及钼镧合金板的热轧终轧加工率控制在50％以上,其强度、塑性和硬度匹配良好,弯曲性能和后序的温轧加工性能明显提高。     

Microstructural evolution of twin-roll cast Mg–3Al–0.5Mn–0.2Mm alloys during warm rolling and subsequent annealing

Microstructure of twin-roll casted (TRC) Mg–3Al–0.5Mn–0.2Mm (or AM30 + 0.2Mm) alloy strips consisted of columnar dendrites in the surface and equiaxed dendrites in the center regions, as well as widely dispersed fine primary intermetallic compounds located in the interdendritic region. Warm rolling of the TRC strips developed both deformation or shear bands and homogeneously dispersed fine particles. No evident dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was found in the TRC sheets during warm rolling. The dispersed fine particles seemed to retard DRX. The warm-rolled TRC sheets showed equiaxed fine grains with an average size of around 8 μm after annealing at 350 °C for 60 min. The TRC sheets had superior yield and tensile strengths to ingot cast (IC) samples. Elongation was similar to both TRC and IC samples.     

热轧Mg-1Zn和Mg-1Y合金退火组织演变及静态再结晶行为

对比研究了高温轧制制备的Mg-1.02Zn及Mg-0.76Y(质量分数,%)合金在不同温度退火条件下的组织演变及静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学行为.结果表明,Mg-1Zn合金的轧制组织以剪切带和孪晶为主,在剪切带和孪晶内伴随着动态再结晶;而Mg-1Y合金的轧制组织中只有孪晶,未观察到剪切带和再结晶发生.退火过程中,Mg-1Zn合金静态再结晶过程主要受控于形核过程,而Mg-1Y合金则既受控于形核过程又受控于长大过程.利用经典的JMAK模型和长大模型分别描述了2种合金热轧制后的静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学过程,结果表明,静态再结晶过程的Avrami因子n值与理想预测值偏离可能来自于再结晶的不均匀形核.固溶稀土Y原子比Zn原子对晶界移动的拖曳作用更强,导致Mg-1Y合金比Mg-1Zn合金晶粒长大因子n’更高.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-xY alloys prepared by casting and hot rolling

Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-xY(x=0,0.3,0.6 and 0.9,mass fraction,%) magnesium alloys were prepared by casting and hot rolling process.The influence of yttrium on microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of the AM60 magnesium alloy was investigated.The results reveal that with increasing the yttrium content,Al2Y precipitates form and the grain size is reduced.The ultimate strength,yield strength and elongation at room temperature are 192 MPa,62 MPa and 12.6%,respectively,for the as-cast Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-0.9Y alloy.All ...     

轧制工艺对AZ31B镁合金薄板组织与性能的影响

研究了轧制温度和轧制速度对AZ31B镁合金薄板微观组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,轧辊加热有利于镁合金薄板成型;AZ31B镁合金在低温或低速轧制时薄板纵向组织为大量的切变带,切变带区域包含大量孪晶组织,横向组织为含极少量孪晶的等轴晶组织;在轧制温度为400℃和轧制速度为16m/min轧制时,由于动态再结晶,横纵截面组织均为等轴晶。AZ31镁合金薄板的最佳轧制制度为轧辊温度为70℃、轧制温度为400℃、轧制速度为6m/min,此工艺轧制的薄板横向抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为350MPa、300MPa和12%,纵向为345MPa、290MPa和11.2%,纵向与横向性能差别明显减小。     

退火温度对铸轧高磷钢冷带力学性能的影响

在双辊薄带铸轧机上制备了表面质量良好、P含量高达0.15%的新型高磷钢薄带;研究了该高磷钢薄带冷轧后的退火制度及退火温度对其显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,退火温度为750℃时高磷钢冷轧薄带能够获得最佳强塑性组合,其抗拉强度可达435MPa,屈强比为0.72,伸长率可达32.5%,达到常规耐候钢的使用标准。