对不同环境的2D70铝合金低周疲劳性能研究

对2D70铝合金在试验室空气、湿空气、盐雾及盐雾+SO四种环境下进行低周疲劳试验,对比四种环境下的循环σ-ε2曲线及应变-寿命曲线,得出结论:相同应变下,2D70铝合金随腐蚀环境增强,循环应力降低;相同应变下,2D70铝合金在盐雾及盐雾+SO两种环境下低周疲劳寿命相近,并且随着腐蚀环境的增强,低周疲劳寿命降低;腐蚀环境越强,材料疲劳损2伤程度越大。研究结果为预测飞机不同环境的低周疲劳寿命提供了参考,对飞机腐蚀防护及耐久性设计具有重要意义。     

盐雾腐蚀对HRB400E抗震钢筋低周疲劳和力学性能的影响

摘要：采用质量分数为5%的NaCl溶液在盐雾腐蚀箱进行30~90d加速腐蚀试验,研究了盐雾腐蚀对HRB400E钢筋低周疲劳行为和拉伸性能的影响。然后采用轴向位移控制模拟地震载荷对腐蚀钢筋开展了低周疲劳和拉伸试验,获得循环响应特征曲线和应变 寿命曲线。结合SEM断口形貌观察,分析钢筋的低周疲劳断裂机制。结果表明：盐雾腐蚀对钢筋的质量和尺寸有明显影响,钢筋表面产生腐蚀坑;钢筋的力学性能随腐蚀时间增加而降低,腐蚀90d的断裂伸长率下降率达461%,屈服强度在腐蚀30d以后可能就不再满足标准要求;腐蚀明显削弱了钢筋的抗循环载荷性能,导致低周疲劳寿命下降;腐蚀会减小钢筋的裂纹扩展区面积并加速裂纹扩展。     

Q345R钢湿硫化氢预腐蚀低周疲劳行为

对Q345R钢在湿硫化氢环境中预腐蚀低周疲劳性能进行了研究,以硫化氢溶液的浓度和预腐蚀时间为环境因素.低周疲劳试验在MTS-809疲劳试验机上进行,对各试验组的结果数据进行回归分析,得到各试验组环境下Q345R钢的循环应力-应变曲线、应变-寿命曲线等低周疲劳特性.不同试验环境下的预腐蚀低周疲劳结果表明,材料循环应力应变响应特性不受环境因素影响,为循环硬化特性;预腐蚀时间因素对材料低周疲劳寿命的影响比硫化氢溶液的浓度因素显著.试样断口为典型的低周疲劳断裂形貌,裂纹扩展阶段为脆性准解理断裂特征.     

稀土元素La对AZ91D镁合金低周疲劳行为的研究

研究了AZ91D＋0．3％La镁合金在总应变幅△εt／2为0.2％～1.2％范同内循环加载时的低周疲劳行为。结果表明,在较大应变幅下,AZ91D＋0．3％La镁合金的循环滞后回线上分别出现捌点、拉压不对称和锯齿现象;镁合金的低周疲劳寿命随应变幅值的提高而下降,并且符合Manson—Coffin关系式;镁合金的循环应力响应行为和循环应力应变行为均呈现明显的循环硬化现象;疲劳断口上出现了多疲劳源现象,且随应变幅的增加越来越凹凸不平。     

Q235钢结构材料的超低周疲劳性能

对钢结构材料 Q235钢的超低周疲劳性能进行了研究。采用横向应变控制方法,保持频率1 Hz 恒定,在岛津电液伺服疲劳试验机上开展了试验钢的超低周疲劳试验。获得了循环应力响应特征曲线等实验数据,并在此基础上分别建立了试验钢基于塑性应变幅及应变速率的超低周疲劳寿命预测公式,且2种公式均能较好地对其寿命进行预测。通过电镜扫描(SEM),分析了试验材料超低周疲劳下的微观断裂机理。研究结果表明,试验材料在超低周疲劳与低周疲劳下的疲劳性能,如循环响应特征、寿命预测公式以及微观断裂机理等方面均存在一定的差异。     

Z3CN20—09M铸造奥氏体不锈钢的低周疲劳行为

采用径向应变控制研究了Z3CN20-09M奥氏体不锈钢在室温和350℃高温下的低周疲劳行为.Z3CN20-09M不锈钢表现为先硬化后软化的循环特性,但硬化的程度取决于温度和应变幅.随着应变幅的增加,Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳循环寿命逐渐减短,而相同循环次数下应力幅也随之提高.温度对Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳行为影响较大,与室温相比高温下的循环硬化程度更高,相同应变幅下高温的低周疲劳寿命也高于常温下的寿命.通过疲劳实验的原位观察发现,奥氏体内的滑移面、夹杂物及奥氏体和铁素体两相的界面是疲劳裂纹可能的形核位置,奥氏体和铁素体两相的不协调变形使相界处产生应力集中,导致疲劳裂纹容易沿两相界面扩展.      

一种新型的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型

基于低周疲劳裂纹扩展机制,假设裂纹尖端循环塑性区内应变分布服从HRR理论解,利用裂纹尖端锐化、钝化启裂低周疲劳裂纹扩展机制,结合Ramberg-Osgood循环应力应变曲线和Manson-Coffin疲劳寿命曲线等断裂力学理论,推导出一种新的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率数学模型.与30Cr1Mo1V和St-4340的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验数据进行对比,结果表明该低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型能够较好地预测材料的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率.     

采用开尔文扫描探针技术研究镁合金偶接铜合金的电偶腐蚀规律

采用开尔文探针技术(SKP)测量AZ91D镁合金与H62铜合金偶接试样在盐雾加速实验中的电偶腐蚀规律.研究表明:AZ91D镁合金的电偶腐蚀效应受到阳极与阴极的电位差的影响,AZ91D镁合金与H62铜合金偶接试样之间的伏打电位差约为-1.22V,AZ91D镁合金存在显著的电偶腐蚀效应.由于存在较大的伏打电位差,在盐雾实验初始阶段,电偶腐蚀主要发生在偶接界面AZ91D镁合金一侧附近区域,而H62黄铜没有发生明显腐蚀.由于AZ91D镁合金在盐雾中生成的腐蚀产物对基体具有一定的保护作用,AZ91D镁合金表面腐蚀产物与基体间存在显著的伏打电位差,导致AZ91D镁合金基体形成新的腐蚀产物.因此,随着盐雾实验时间延长,AZ91D镁合金电偶腐蚀效应降低,H62铜合金腐蚀加快.     

腐蚀环境对预腐蚀铝合金腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

铝合金是飞机制造中机身部分最主要的材料,铝合金材料的腐蚀疲劳性能对于飞机的安全性有着极为显著的影响。本次研究中发现,飞机油箱积水的情况下,对飞机上预腐蚀铝合金的腐蚀疲劳性能影响是最大的,而其余的影响因素从重到轻分别为:盐水环境、潮湿环境以及实验室空气。当材料承受的应力比值达到0.5或是0.06时,在潮湿环境中材料的疲劳寿命要比在实验室空气中的相同材料要低,而具体降低的程度会随着应力的下降而相应增加;而在低应力水平下,油箱积水环境与盐水环境对材料疲劳寿命的影响几乎等同。当材料承受的应力比值为-1的情况下,盐水环境下的材料疲劳寿命总是要比油箱积水环境下的材料低一些;而在潮湿环境中的材料疲劳寿命与实验室内的材料相比,会随着材料承受应力的下降而出现下降,且下降的幅度要比应力比值为0.5或是0.06时要更大一些。     

高强度热轧双相钢的低周疲劳性能

从热轧双相钢的实际应用需求出发,研究了高强度热轧双相钢DP600的低周疲劳性能。采用轴向应变控制方法对DP600钢进行了低周疲劳试验,并对试验数据进行拟合计算,得到DP600钢的循环应力-应变曲线、应变-寿命曲线和过渡疲劳寿命。通过扫描电镜观察疲劳断口,结果显示低周疲劳条件下,DP600钢断裂裂纹起源于试样表面,裂纹扩展前期呈现部分脆性断裂特征,后期则以明显的韧性断裂为主。     

Environmentally induced crack propagation behavior of 2219 aluminum: microstructural effects

Alloy 2219 has been evaluated under corrosion fatigue conditions. The effect of the micro-structures present in the T851 and T6 conditions on crack propagation rates has been determined. Tests were performed on compact tension specimens in air and in NaCI solutions at 23 and 70°C. The corrosion fatigue behavior of the material under these conditions was evaluated by studying the crack propagation kinetics and also crack fractography.The results of this study show that 2219 aluminum is resistant to corrosion fatigue in aqueous solutions containing up to 10% NaCI. However, the material is more resistant in the T6 than in the T851 condition. In the absence of stress corrosion cracking, the initial stages of the crack growth were characterised by ductile fracture while a mixed fracture mode dominated the final stages of the growth. At low loading frequencies (0. 1 Hz), crack branching and blunting were observed when tests were performed at 70°C.     

Fatigue behavior of maraging steel 300

The cyclic stress-strain curves, the low cycle and high cycle fatigue lives and the fatigue crack growth rates of annealed (1 h 820°C) and aged (3 h 480°C) maraging steel 300 were determined. Incremental step testing and stable hysteresis loop tip measurements were used to determine the cyclic σ-ε curves. Both annealed and aged maraging steels were found to cyclically soften at room temperature over a plastic strain range from 0.1 to 20 pct. The S-N curves were determined from 10 to 10⁷ cycles to failure by plastic strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests performed in air and load controlled high cycle fatigue tests performed in dry argon. The test results compared very well with the theoretical lifetime predictions derived from Tomkins’ theory. Fatigue crack growth rates were measured in air and dry argon for the annealed and aged alloys. Crack growth rates of annealed maraging steel were found to be equal to those of aged maraging steel at rates between 10^-7 and 10^-5 in./cycle. A significant difference in crack growth rates in the two environments was found at low stress intensity factor ranges, indicating a high susceptibility to corrosion fatigue in the presence of water vapor. The mechanisms of cyclic softening in the two alloys are discussed in terms of dislocations rearrangement in the annealed alloy and dislocation-precipitate interactions in the aged alloy.     

温度与应力比对6061铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

为了研究温度与应力比对航空铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响,利用电液伺服疲劳试验机对6061铝合金材料开展了不同温度(室温、-70、150 ℃)、应力比(0.1、0.5)条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,获得不同条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线,揭示温度与应力比对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律。结果表明,在相同应力比下,室温与高温150 ℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线(da/dN-ΔK)基本一致,低温-70 ℃下的疲劳门槛值与疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显提高,这表明低温环境下6061铝合金材料具有较高的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能;在相同温度下,随着应力比的增大,疲劳门槛值降低,疲劳裂纹扩展速率升高。讨论了温度与应力比对疲劳裂纹扩展行为影响的可能原因。     

The effect of heat treatments on the corrosion fatigue properties of 13 Pct Chromium Stainless Steel in 3 Pct NaCI Aqueous Solution

The effect of austenitizing or tempering temperature on the corrosion fatigue properties of 13 pct chromium stainless steel was studied. Three pct NaCI aqueous solution was used as the corrosive environment, and the results were compared with the atmospheric fatigue properties. Strong influence of the tempering temperature on the S-N and FCP behavior of this blading material was found. The damage ratios (corrosion fatigue limit divided by endurance limit) of these various heat treated specimens became very low by this environment. Especially, extremely low corrosion fatigue strength of the specimen tempered at 600 °C was noticed. This microstructure was strategically used to clarify the reduction of pH inside the corrosion pits which were generally formed at the fatigue crack initiation sites. FCP data in the corrosive environment showed higher resistance than the atmospheric ones at the stress intensities below 18 MPa · m^1/2, and which is opposite to the generally known influence of the corrosive environments. As for the fractographic feature, an appearance of the intergranular facets was especially noticed in NaCI aqueous solution environment. The fraction of this intergranular cracking was obtained as a function of the stress intensity factor.     

Effect of cyclic stress wave form on corrosion fatigue crack propagation in al-zn-mg alloys

Fatigue crack growth rates of a 7075 type aluminum alloy were measured as a function of environment, frequency, stress wave form, alloy chemistry, and thermomechanical treatment. At low ΔK values (belowK _ISCC ), the crack growth rates in a 3.5 pct sodium chloride solution were ten times greater than those in a reference argon environment. Comparison of the effects of a square wave, a negative-sawtooth wave, and a positivesawtooth wave at different frequencies indicates that the synergistic interaction with the environment occurs during the loading part of each cycle. Overaging the alloy and limiting the alloy impurity content results in a reduced corrosion fatigue crack growth rate, but a thermomechanical treatment leading to a grain size refinement increases it.     

汽车用钢DC53D+ZF的疲劳试验测试

为了研究汽车用钢DC53D+ZF的疲劳性能,在不同的最大应力条件下,利用高频疲劳试验机测试疲劳性能。在常温空气环境下,对试样进行了拉-拉疲劳试验(应力比R=0.15)。试验采用正弦波进行波动循环加载直到试样发生断裂,测得试样不同应力水平下的循环次数、应力幅等,DC53D+ZF的疲劳强度下极限为222.4MPa。对DC53D+ZF疲劳数据进行了相应的处理,得到了该汽车用钢的S-N曲线,补充了车身常用钢疲劳特性数据,能够为汽车厂疲劳仿真分析提供可靠的数据基础,预测汽车部件的设计寿命。