运输包装

商品的运输包装是指商品在运输、储存和装卸过程中使用的包装。运输包装的主要功能是保护商品,方便运输、装卸、储存,便于堆码和记数等。根据不同的包装材料和包装方式,运输包装在通常情况下可分为以下几种：     

如何处理进口商品外包装残损

商品的包装一般分为运输包装和销售包装两种。 运输包装又叫外包装、大包装。其主要作用是保护商品在运输过程中不被损坏和损失。因此,运输包装应具有坚固、结实、通风、防潮、防震、防漏、防腐蚀、防失散和防盗窃等性能。运输包装分为单件包装和集合包装。单件包装按照商品外形使用箱、袋、桶、篓、筐、坛、     

浅谈出口商品的包装

商品包装是商品生产环节的继续.除了少数难以包装,不值得包装或根本没有必要包装而采取裸装或散装的商品外,绝大多数商品都需要适当包装后才能进入流通领域和消费领域. 根据在流通过程中所起作用的不同,包装可以分为运输包装和销售包装: 运输包装又称为外包装,其主要作用是保护商品和防止出现货损货差.由于国际贸易中的运输条件较为复杂,为了保证货物安全到达,货物的运输包装必须科学合理,符合下列条件:     

试论物流系统与商品运输包装

将商品运输包装放在物流管理系统加以考察是研究商品运输包装的一个重要问题。物流是指实物流动,是伴随着商品所有权转移而出现的实物物理位置的转移过程。一般来说,它专指商品流通过程中的实物流动。所谓实物就是指运输包装件。     

试论物流系统与商品运输包装

伴随着社会的不断发展,物流逐渐成为社会发展中的一项核心产业,物流的最终价值必然是体现在物流运输效果方面。商品运输与包装在物流系统中有着非常重要的价值与作用,其理应给予高度重视。对此,本文首先分析物流系统对商品运输包装的基本要求,并详细分析物流系统与商品运输包装的关系。     

产品运输包装可靠性设计

要在运输过程中保护产品免受破坏,就需对产品进行缓冲包装设计,传统的包装设计方法具有明显的局限性.文中基于包装动力可靠性理论提出了一种新的运输包装设计方法,对运输包装可靠性设计的基本思想、设计流程、目标可靠性确定及可靠性校核等问题作了探讨,并从设计思想、流程等角度对新设计方法与传统设计方法进行比较,得出新设计方法设计出的缓冲包装能更好地保护产品.     

商品运输包装的功能效用

阐述了商品在物流系统中的运输、装卸、保管、包装尺寸与物流模数的配合，以及与所包装产品的配合所产生的功能效用，并对商品运输包装进行功能分析和寻求其功能优化，达到商品销售、运输包装的合理选用。     

浅析纸箱工业的横向联合

一、纸箱包装在运输包装中的地位。商品经济的发展促进了商品流通和运输包装业的发展,在现阶段还不发达的商品流通手段,限制了商品包装的集合化程度,因此,一定重量的单位运输包装化,构成当前储运形式的主流,由于商品包装的单体储运,造成运输包装损失的原因复杂(运输工具、环境条件、工作质量等外力的作用)这种矛盾在短期内用集合化达到彻底解决是不可能的。所以,矛盾的集中表现形式就成为运输包装强度和保证商品安全的问题——提高包装强度,改善储运质量。单位运输包装由于受资源、周期、成本和共害的制约,采用自然资源直接生产包装产品的比例逐年降低,“以纸代木’的瓦楞纸箱包装产品在运输包装中占据重要地位。约占总量的     

国际贸易的商品包装与包装条款

在国际贸易中,除了石油、原煤、矿沙和谷物等散装物品以及钢材、铝锭、木材等裸装物品处,绝大多数商品都需要有一定的包装。商品的包装一般分为运输包装和销售包装两种。运输包装又叫外包装、大包装。其主要作     

食品用塑料包装材料的卫生性能

目前商品生产中,广泛使用各式各样的包装,按其承担的主要功能分有运输包装和销售包装两个大类：按包装的层次分,有外包装、中包装、内包装之分：包装的基本功能主要可归纳为保护商品、方便储存与运输、促进销售等等。随着市场经济的发展商品销售半径的不断增大,商品货架期的不断增加,加之降低生产成本、增加商品附加价值、提升市场竞争力等诸多方面的需要,包装的重要性日益增长。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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