30CrMnSiNi2A高强钢的淬火畸变预测与工艺优化

30CrMnSiNi2A高强钢零件淬火畸变是热处理工艺控制中的一个难点。本文立足于有限元技术,构建了适用于30CrMnSiNi2A钢淬火过程的计算模型,实现了30CrMnSiNi2A钢零件淬火过程温度,组织及应力应变的正确预测。基于相应软件对某型火箭助推器轴承支座零件的淬火工艺进行了优化设计,结合实物试验的结果,验证了计算模型的有效性,解决了实际零件淬火畸变的超差问题,凸显了数值模拟技术对热处理工艺优化的重要指导作用。     

浅谈淬火裂纹与畸变的分析及对策

钢铁零件的淬火裂纹和畸变是常见的热处理缺陷,严重时将导致零件报废。以35钢盘状零件和20CrMnTi钢汽车后桥锥齿轮为例,从原材料质量、热处理工艺、淬火介质、工装夹具等方面分析了零件产生淬火裂纹和畸变的原因,提出了预防措施。     

异型薄壁零件淬火畸变的控制

分析了异型薄壁零件淬火废品率高的主要原因。采取改进工艺、工装设计及淬火后校正3方面措施，有效控制了该零件的淬火畸变，显著降低了零件淬火的废品率。     

传动轴套管叉高频淬火工艺

进行了套管叉高频淬火工艺试验，解决了该零件的淬火畸变问题，分析了该工艺的原理，为解决套管类零件高频淬火产生内孔缩小问题找到了一条有效的途径。     

V形导轨淬火畸变分析与研究

从理论上较深入、细致地分析了引起零件淬火畸变的原因,详细、全面地介绍了影响导轨淬火畸变的因素,提出了减小零件淬火畸变的措施.     

带内花键零件的畸变控制方法

由于热处理畸变导致的内花键塞规检查不合格一直是带内花键零件常见的问题。鉴于带内花键零件热处理畸变影响因素众多,借助“淬火畸变公差带”概念,综合分析了零件结构类型、零件热处理前的工艺尺寸、热处理工艺参数(奥氏体化温度、时间、装炉量、冷却速度、装卡方式等)、材料类型、锻造正火工艺等对带内花键零件热处理畸变的影响,综合考虑各种因素的耦合状况,提出了解决带内花键零件热处理畸变问题的一系列解决方案。     

18NiCrMo5钢重载桥内齿圈渗碳淬火工艺优化及畸变控制

为了降低18NiCrMo5钢内齿圈渗碳淬火后残留奥氏体含量及改善表面马氏体组织,对渗碳淬火工艺进行了改进。由于内齿圈为大型薄壁零件,渗碳淬火过程中产生的畸变很大,严重影响产品的批量生产,采用胀块压淬工装减小了零件畸变,改善了显微组织,为大型内齿圈的优质批量生产创造了条件。     

航空发动机16Ni3CrMoE钢制输出轴的热处理畸变控制

通过对航空发动机16Ni3CrMoE钢制输出轴渗碳淬火后出现轴向长度缩短、内花键畸变的原因进行分析与研究。结果表明,热处理畸变主要影响因素是零件在渗碳、淬火工序中产生的热应力和组织应力的综合作用,渗碳零件表面和心部的成分存在差异,使热处理过程中的应力分布变得更不均匀和复杂。通过改变渗碳装炉方式、降低渗碳冷却速度、静油等温淬火、渗碳前增加稳定化处理等工艺方法,将零件的热处理畸变控制在工艺要求范围内。     

淬火工件线切割畸变和开裂原因分析

随着电火花线切割加工工艺的广泛应用，使得异形复杂零件及淬火零件的加工也越来越方便，但线切割加工过程中，零件也容易产生畸变和开裂，使零件报废。为此，作者通过多年的深入研究，提出了一系列防止畸变和开裂的措施。     

9310钢螺旋锥齿轮模压淬火的数值模拟

针对9310钢螺旋锥齿轮的模压淬火的过程,采用有限元分析软件建立了温度场-组织场-应力应变场耦合分析模型,并进行了模压淬火工艺的数值模拟研究。结果表明,模具设计对零件的模压淬火畸变有着重要影响。通过调整模具的组合尺寸和压力角,可以显著减小齿轮畸变;上下模的偏心可以导致齿形畸变,通过调整芯模尺寸可以避免由于设备对中偏差导致的畸变。     

钢件的淬火热处理变形与控制

综述了钢件热处理变形的影响因素与预防、控制变形的方法.包括四个部分:热处理内应力的组成;热处理变形原因分析;影响热处理变形的因素以及如何预防与控制淬火变形和开裂.     

控制畸变的模压淬火技术与装备

针对淬火过程的畸变问题,介绍了一种有效控制畸变的模压淬火技术与装备。通过控制作用力大小、周期与方式,调整淬火模具的结构与尺寸,控制冷却液的流量、流态及流向等,控制畸变过程,减小工件的畸变,在满足淬火要求的前提下,把模具与机床组合为一体,提供实现淬火过程的模压淬火工艺装备,在保证硬度和金相要求的同时,保持淬火工件的一致性,把淬火质量控制在最佳水平,并付诸工业应用,综合降低了淬火畸变。     

铝件浸液式非标淬火设备的研制

通过介绍铝件淬火工艺基本原则、铝件在水介质中浸液式淬火可能出现的问题以及换热系数与淬火介质温度和流速的关系,为铝件浸液式淬火设备的非标设计提供科学依据。根据本团队研制的非标铝件浸液式淬火设备工程应用中遴选典型案例,分析其在设计和产业化过程中遇到的一些关键问题,阐明了淬火时保证铝件预期性能的前提下减少畸变的解决方法。     

Dry and clean age hardening of aluminum alloys by high-pressure gas quenching

When precipitation-hardenable aluminum parts are water quenched, distortion occurs due to thermal stresses. Thereby, a costly reworking is necessary, and for this reason polymer quenchants are often used to reduce distortion, with the disadvantage that the quenched parts have to be cleaned after quenching. In opposition to liquid quenchants, gas quenching may decrease distortion due to the better temperature uniformity during quenching. Furthermore, cleaning of the quenched parts can be avoided because it is a dry process. For this purpose, a heat-treating process was evaluated that included a high-pressure gasquenching step. Gas quenching was applied to different aluminum alloys (i.e., 2024, 6013, 7075, and A357.0), and tensile tests have been carried out to determine the mechanical properties after solution annealing, gas quenching, and aging. Besides high-pressure gas quenching, alloy 2024 was quenched at ambient pressure in a gas nozzle field. The high velocity at the gas outlet leads to an accelerated cooling of the aluminum alloy in this case. Aluminum castings and forgings can be classified as an interesting field of application of these quenching methods due to their near-net shape before the heat treatment. Cost savings would be possible due to the reduced distortion, and therefore, less reworking after the precipitation hardening.     

45钢板状零件淬火硬度不均的工艺分析

针对45钢制板状零件因零件厚度不同在淬火过程中出现硬度不均的现象，分析了出现问题的原因，指出淬火油运动粘度对冷却性能的影响，使处理后的零件在硬度、变形方面满足技术要求。     

65Mn钢弹簧支撑的热处理工艺改进

改进对弹簧支撑热处理工艺，增加工艺孔，使用新的淬火挂具，采用表面喷砂处理，解决了工件热处理后硬度不均匀，外形变化及其表面不清洁的问题。     

A comparative study on determination method of heat transfer coefficient using inverse heat transfer and iterative modification

The distortion control of heat-treated steel parts is a main consideration when dealing with hardening by quenching process. Before implementing this heat treating process, prediction of distortion is necessary to be done by experiment and computer simulation for determining a quenching technique which gives the smaller distortion. Temperature-dependent heat transfer coefficient (HTC) estimated from SUS304 cylinder can be determined by both iterative modification of lumped heat capacity method (LumpHC) and inverse heat transfer method (InvHT). Predicted HTC from silver probe is needed for the LumpHC, whereas initial set of assumption is needed for the InvHT. The zone-based HTC estimated from SUS304 cylinder then is employed on S45C cylinder. The prediction accuracy results from both methods are evaluated. As expected, stir quenching gives less distortion than that of still quenching. More accurate prediction of cooling curves, cooling rate curves, and distortion is achieved by employing the LumpHC than that by the InvHT. All analyses were performed by DEFORM-HT 2D.     

Evaluation of Important Factors Affecting Quench Distortion of Carburized Hypoid Gear with Shaft by Using Computer Simulation Methods

To minimize quenching distortion and dispersion, carburizing and quenching process conditions must be optimized; this includes the parts racking design used for quenching. We investigated some factors affecting carburized quenching distortion with an experiment using a hypoid gear having a shaft and with numerical simulation methods. The experimental results and those obtained from simulation were generally in agreement. Focusing on the surface temperature distribution in the gear, we studied quenching distortion characteristics in terms of changes in tooth profile and helix deviation. In our experiments, distortions occur during quenching in 373 K oil after austenitized temperature treatments conducted with various attitudes. We calculated the distortions by simulating the carburized oil-quenching process for the hypoid gear. Our results show large differences between the cooling rates of the tooth toe, middle section, and heel edges,and these greatly influence the change in tooth profile and helix deviation. We found that reducing the differences in temperatures on the gear surfaces during quenching is most important for minimizing the quench distortion of the hypoid gear.