孔雀草精油成分及其抑菌效果研究

针对观赏植物孔雀草应用范围窄,缺少深加工途径,经济附加值低的问题,通过蒸馏法提取其精油,并通过气质联用仪对精油组成进行了分析,鉴定出81种物质,占总峰面积的86.6%,大部分为萜类物质。精油主要成分为萜品油烯、3-甲基-6-(1-甲基乙亚基)环己-2-烯-1-酮、右旋柠檬烯、反式-β-罗勒烯、(Z)-罗勒烯酮、(E)-罗勒烯酮、石竹烯、胡椒酮,物质组成表明孔雀草精油具有增香、抑菌能力。利用菌落计数法验证了孔雀草精油的抑菌能力,结果表明孔雀草精油对埃希氏大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及伤寒沙门氏菌生长有抑制作用。     

罗勒精油的提取及其在痱子粉中的应用

罗勒是唇形科一种药食两用植物,其精油具有化湿活血、提神醒脑的功效。实验采用水蒸气蒸馏法对罗勒全草进行精油提取,进而研究出罗勒精油的痱子粉配方。该配方下的痱子粉具有罗勒提神的香气,抗菌消炎效果也有所提高。     

迷迭香化学成分及药理作用最新研究进展

综述了迷迭香的化学成分和药理作用的最新研究进展(2011~2015年),简述了其性状及加工方法。迷迭香作为使用价值丰富的唇形科植物,主要化学成分有迷迭香精油、鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酸等,药理作用包括抗菌、抗氧化、抗抑郁、代谢调节、抗神经损伤、抗炎、抗肿瘤等。     

香精香料信息15则

1．对伊朗两种栽培品种的罗勒油的分析;2．小豆蔻用不含溶剂的微波法提取：对这种提取精油新技术的多重研究3、比较用三种不同方法脱水的香蕉粉的挥发物;真空干燥带式干燥．冷冻干燥和空气干燥法。     

植物精油的护肤应用研究进展

植物精油是通过蒸馏、超临界萃取等方法从天然植物中提取的芳香物质,因发现具有美白、杀菌消炎、抗氧化等功效用于护肤品受到民众喜爱.对植物精油在护肤领域的相关研究进行归纳,阐述了精油的主要成分和对应功效,总结了精油抗皮肤老化、美白和抗炎三个主要护肤功效的研究进展,包括各类功效发现的主要精油种类及其作用机制,旨在为植物精油在护...     

快乐鼠尾草精油GC-MS分析及其抗菌、抗炎活性研究

通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对A,B,C快乐鼠尾草精油进行分析,计算各成分相对含量;采用牛津杯法以评价其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌及白色念球菌的抑菌活性;采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7建立细胞炎症模型,检测细胞上清液中TNF-α的含量评价其抗炎作用。结果如下:萜烯类化合物是其最主要的成分。抑菌实验结果表明,A抑菌效果较弱,B抑菌效果较好,C抑菌效果最佳。三种快乐鼠尾草精油均能显著降低RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α(P0.01)。     

超临界CO_2法提取丁香、迷迭香复方精油及其活性研究

采用超临界CO_2萃取法提取不同原料质量比例丁香和迷迭香复方精油,气质联用仪(GC-MS)对其进行化学成分分析,并通过DPPH法对其抗氧化活性进行测定,采用滤纸片抑菌圈法对其进行抑菌活性研究。结果表明,复方精油原料丁香含量越高,其抗氧化活性越好;而复方精油[m(原料丁香)∶m(迷迭香)=1∶3]抑菌活性最好。在丁香精油中鉴定出19种物质,其主要成分为丁香酚和乙酸丁香酚酯;在迷迭香精油中鉴定出62种物质,其主要成分为桉叶油醇、樟脑等;在活性最佳复方精油中,共鉴定出19种物质,其主要成分为桉叶油醇、樟脑、丁香酚、乙酸丁香酚酯等。     

匙叶百里香精油和提取物的抗微生物和抗氯化活性（体外试验）

土耳其Cumhuriyet大学生物系学A．Sokmen等人在“Food Control”杂志2004，15(8)，627-634页上用英发表的章报道作研究匙叶百里香(Thymus spathulifolius)精油和甲醇提取物的抗微生物和抗氧化活性的体外试验结果。     

咖啡壳酚类物质的提取与抗氧化性能分析

提取咖啡壳中的酚类物质,进行表征分析及酚羟基含量的测定,并对提取物进行抗氧化性研究。采用红外,GPC,核磁对提取出的样品进行表征。采用DPPH,ABTS,FRAP三种方法对样品的抗氧化性进行测定。结果表明:咖啡壳中多酚类物质的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数为60%。样品酚羟基含量为4.392 mmol/g。抗氧化性研究表明,DPPH中样品抗氧化性略好于BHT,ABTS中样品抗氧化性明显高于BHT,FRAP中样品抗氧化能力与维生素C相差不大。     

鬼针草叶片精油化学成分的GC-MS分析

为了研究云南热带林区鬼针草挥发性化学成分,采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取鬼针草叶片精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析精油的化学成分。结果表明,从鬼针草叶片中共分离出61种化合物,主要是萜类化合物和绿叶挥发性物质,相对含量最多的是大香叶烯(20.07%),其次是α-蒎烯(11.82%)和β-石竹烯(9.14%)。     

In vitro control of post-harvest fruit rot fungi by some plant essential oil components

Eight substances that are main components of the essential oils from three Mediterranean aromatic plants (Verbena officinalis, Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare), previously found active against some phytopathogenic Fungi and Stramenopila, have been tested in vitro against five etiological agents of post-harvest fruit decay, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum, P. expansum, Phytophthora citrophthora and Rhizopus stolonifer. The tested compounds were β-fellandrene, β-pinene, camphene, carvacrol, citral, o-cymene, γ-terpinene and thymol. Citral exhibited a fungicidal action against P. citrophthora; carvacrol and thymol showed a fungistatic activity against P. citrophthora and R. stolonifer. Citral and carvacrol at 250 ppm, and thymol at 150 and 250 ppm stopped the growth of B. cinerea. Moreover, thymol showed fungistatic and fungicidal action against P. italicum. Finally, the mycelium growth of P. expansum was inhibited in the presence of 250 ppm of thymol and carvacrol. These results represent an important step toward the goal to use some essential oils or their components as natural preservatives for fruits and foodstuffs, due to their safety for consumer healthy and positive effect on shelf life extension of agricultural fresh products.     

苯丙氨酸和茉莉酸甲酯对百里香离体培养芽生长及其精油的影响

以离体培养的百里香不定芽为材料,研究了培养基添加不同浓度的苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine,Ple)或茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MJ)对不定芽生长以及精油提取率等的影响。结果发现添加供试浓度的Ple和MJ都能不同程度促进不定芽的增殖,其中以添加100 mg/L Ple和150μmol/L MJ增殖效果最佳,增殖系数分别比对照显著增加47.03%和23.57%。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了普通百里香(Thymus vulgaris L.)组培苗、以及培养基添加苯丙氨酸或茉莉酸甲酯的普通百里香[0]组培苗的精油,添加100 mg/L Ple和150μmol/L MJ的提取率分别为0.42%和0.39%,分别比对照(0.31%)增加了35.5%和25.8%。利用气质联用法(GC-MS)并结合色谱峰面积归一化法对其化学成分和相对含量进行了比较研究,3种组培苗百里香精油的主要化学成分无明显的差异,都含有百里香精油的主要成分百里香酚、香芹酚、邻-伞花烃、γ-松油烯、石竹烯等,只是相对含量略有差异。研究表明,适宜浓度的苯丙氨酸和茉莉酸甲酯不仅提高了百里香不定芽的增殖系数,改善了植株的生理活性,而且还促进了百里香次生代谢产物的积累和合成。     

超临界CO_2萃取迷迭香精油及其化学成分分析

迷迭香是非常受关注的天然抗氧化剂来源植物之一。该研究用超临界CO2流体萃取技术对福建产迷迭香进行精油提取研究,萃取过程采用程序加压和程序升温,进一步采用GC-MS联用技术对萃取得到的迷迭香精油组分进行了分析。共分离出44个组分峰,鉴定出其中43个化学成分,占挥发油总量的97.83%。福建产迷迭香挥发油中含量较高的成分如α-蒎烯(10.54%)、莰烯(4.63%)、柠檬烯(7.27%)、桉叶油素(11.76%)、樟脑(9.25%)等的混合香气构成了迷迭香精油的特征香气。根据国际标准对迷迭香精油的分型,确定福建产迷迭香与突尼斯/摩洛哥型更为相近。     

Perspectives on allelopathy in mexican traditional agroecosystems: A case study in tlaxcala

Agroecosystems in Tlaxcala, Mexico, are surrounded by trees and water channels and have a great variety of cultivated and noncultivated plants. The main results of a study carried out on a traditional agroecosystem in Santa Inés, Tlaxcala are presented. Some ecological aspects of polycultures, plant covers (dry leaves ofAlnus firmifolia, Berula erecta, andJuncus sp.), and the allelopathic potential of crops and noncultivated plants (fresh and dry material) were analyzed. The main plants (trees, shrubs, and herbs) present in the agroecosystem were identified. The total number of weeds in plots where plant covers were added was reduced. The number of nodules ofRhizobium phaseoli and the production of bean and squash increased with plant covers. Corn, beans, and squash showed a clear allelopathic effect, as well asChenopodium murale, Tradescantia crassifolia, Melilotus indicus, andAmaranthus hybridus, among other weeds. The contribution of allelopathy in studies of traditional agroecosystems is of great importance for the management of species in space and time. Allelopathy can be the basis of biological control of pests and weeds and of the discovery of new useful substances.     

Phytoalexin induction in rubiaceae

Phytoalexin responses were measured by modified drop-diffusate and facilitated diffusion techniques after fungal inoculation of leaves of 32 Rubiaceae species from Brazilian forest and savanna. Such responses presented a trend similar to that previously observed for a broad sample of dicotyledonous plants and are more frequently positive for the more primitive (or slower growing) trees than for the advanced (or faster growing) herbs. Fifteen of these species analyzed during a one-year period showed that positive phytoalexin responses are stronger for the rainy (and hotter) than for the dry (and cooler) season. Species that contain relatively large quantities of phenolics gave invariably negative responses. Positive responses are not necessarily associated with the appearance of new substances within leaf tissue and are thus caused by inhibitins rather than by phytoalexins. These results are discussed recognizing that the tested plants are subject to the multifarious influences of their natural environment and of a possible conjugate-caused compartmentation of plant metabolites.Taken in part from the MSc thesis presented by M.R.B. to Universidade de São Paulo (1988).     

百里香挥发油成分及其对运动损伤易感染细菌的抑制作用

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC–MS)对秦岭地区的百里香全草挥发油化学成分进行了分析鉴定。结果分离鉴定出53种化学成分,其主要成分为对伞花烃(13.689%)、香芹酚(13.201%)、松油烯-4-醇(11.225%)等;对运动损伤易感染细菌的抑制作用研究结果显示:对柠檬色葡萄球菌(S.citreus)、普通变形杆菌(P.vulgaris)、产气肠杆菌(E.aerogenes)、绿脓杆菌(P.aeruginosa)、大肠杆菌(E.coli.)有较好地抑制作用。     

CMA环保型融雪剂对植物生长生理特性的影响

采用对比试验法,以菊科植物为研究对象,研究了CMA(醋酸钙镁盐)环保型融雪剂及氯化钠融雪剂不同浓度下对植物生长生理特性的影响。采用蒽酮比色法研究了融雪剂对植物叶片中可溶性糖含量的影响,采用硫代巴比妥酸法研究了融雪剂对植物叶片中丙二醛的含量的影响,采用分光光度法研究了叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明:CMA融雪剂溶液浇灌过植物叶片中的可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量均低于NaCl溶液浇灌的植物,与空白实验(水浇灌)的含量相差不大。低浓度(质量浓度≤2g/L)CMA融雪剂处理后叶绿素含量有明显增加,高浓度的浇灌后叶绿素含量略微下降,但明显高于NaCl型融雪剂浇灌过的植物,其含量平均上是空白实验叶绿素含量的1.32倍。     

Psoralens in senescing leaves ofRuta graveolens

Concentrations of three furanocoumarins, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and bergapten, were measured on the surface and within mature whole leaves of two groups ofRuta graveolens L. late autumn plants, 2 and 6 years old, which contained green, yellow, and dry yellow leaves. Upper green leaves contained higher concentrations of these coumarins than lower green leaves, green leaves contained several times as much as yellow leaves, and dry leaves contained even smaller amounts than yellow ones. The dry yellow leaves contained only a very small percentage of furanocoumarins on the surface, suggesting that extrusion to the surface of yellow leaves was slower or had stopped, while loss from the surface continued. The loss of psoralen was the most dramatic in and on the dry leaves. Bergapten's ratio to the other cournarins increased during senescence. Xanthotoxin was always the predominant furanocoumarin in this species.     

丹参叶保质干燥工艺的研究

针对丹参叶进行保质干燥,通过单因素和正交试验研究了干燥温度、风速和物料层厚度对丹参叶中丹酚酸B含量的影响。研究表明,通过单因素确定较优的干燥参数为：干燥温度50℃,风速0．6m／s,物料厚度为2层;在单因素实验基础上,通过正交实验确定的最佳保质干燥工艺参数为：A3B2C1,即干燥温度为60℃、干燥风速为0．6m／s、物料厚度为1层。     

Lonicera Implexa Leaves Bearing Naturally Laid Eggs of the Specialist Herbivore Euphydryas Aurinia have Dramatically Greater Concentrations of Iridoid Glycosides than other Leaves

We tested in the field the hypothesis that the specialist butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Melitaeinae) lays eggs on leaves of Lonicera implexa (Caprifoliaceae) plants with greater iridoid concentrations. We conducted our investigations in a Mediterranean site by analyzing leaves with and without naturally laid egg clusters. There were no significant differences in iridoid glycoside concentrations between leaves from plants that did not receive eggs and the unused leaves from plants receiving eggs, a fact that would seem to indicate that E. aurinia butterflies do not choose plants for oviposition by their iridoid content. However, the leaves of L. implexa that bore egg clusters had dramatically greater (over 15-fold) concentrations of iridoid glycosides than the directly opposite leaves on the same plant. These huge foliar concentrations of iridoids (15% leaf dry weight) may provide specialist herbivores with compounds that they either sequester for their own defense or use as a means of avoiding competition for food from generalist herbivores. Nevertheless, it may still be possible that these high concentrations are detrimental to the herbivore, even if the herbivore is a specialist feeder on the plant.