树枝状介孔二氧化硅的制备及其负载纳米银的抗菌性

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源(TEOS),十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在氨水催化下制备树枝状介孔二氧化硅微球。以该微球为载体,原位负载纳米银。探究乙醚、硅烷结构助剂加入量对介孔二氧化硅微球的形貌、结构和粒径的影响,并通过抗菌实验测试其样品的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明:硅烷结构助剂和乙醚的加入对树枝状孔道的生成是至关重要的;纳米银负载到该介孔二氧化硅的MIC在3.16~3.95mg·L-1,MBC为6.32mg·L-1,优于纯纳米银。     

超声血流向量成像技术探讨颈动脉球部壁面剪切应力的影响因素

目的：运用超声血流向量成像(Vector Flow Imaging, V Flow)技术探讨颈动脉球部自体解剖结构及血流动力学因素对壁面剪切应力(Wall Shear Stress, WSS)的影响。方法：选取颈动脉超声检查正常患者 70例,将 V Flow感兴趣区置于颈总动脉分叉部及颈内动脉起始段。测量颈动脉球部与颈总动脉间角度(θ)、测量收缩末期颈动脉球部(Carotid Bulb, CB)膨大最明显处内径(D_CB)与颈总动脉末段内径(D_CCA)的比值(D_CB/D_CCA)、测量颈动脉球部分流量(Q_CB)与颈总动脉末段流量(Q_CCA)的比值(Q_CB/Q_CCA)、描记颈动脉球部血流紊乱区可视化面积(A_CB)以及测量颈动脉球部起始段内侧平均壁面剪切应力(WSSI-CB)和外侧平均壁面剪切应力(WSS_E-CB),并对上述各项参数进行统计学分析。结果：(1)颈动脉球部起始段 WSS_I-CB值为(0.88±0.30) Pa,外侧 WSS_E-CB值为(0.32±0.15) Pa,外侧壁明显小于内侧壁,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)颈动脉球部与颈总动脉夹角 θ值为(24.5±12.1)°,与 WSS_E-CB相关系数为r=-0.171,二者无相关性且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);颈动脉球部膨大最明显处内径与颈总动脉末段内径比值 D_CB/D_CCA为(0.66±0.09),与 WSS_E-CB值呈负相关,相关系数为r=-0.312,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)颈动脉球部分流量与颈总动脉末段流量比值Q_CB/Q_CCA为(0.69±0.15),与 WSS_E-CB值呈正相关,相关系数为r=0.428,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);颈动脉球部血流紊乱区面积 A_CB为(0.27±0.17) cm²,与 WSSE-CB值呈负相关,相关系数分别为 r=-0.545,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01)。结论：颈动脉球部血流量、血流紊乱区面积及膨大程度是影响外侧壁面剪切应力 WSS的主要因素,而与颈动脉球部发出角度的关系并不密切。     

GZO厚度对非晶硅电池中复合背电极的影响

在非晶硅太阳能电池中加入复合背电极是提高非晶硅太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性的有效手段.本文利用磁控溅射技术在非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池上制备了ZnO :Ga(GZO)/Al复合背电极,研究了GZO厚度对GZO薄膜光电性质及非晶硅电池中GZO/Al复合背电极性能的影响.研究表明：随着GZO层厚度的增加,GZO薄膜的光电性质均表现出较高水平,适合制备GZO/Al复合背电极;相较于单层Al背电极的非晶硅太阳能电池,具有GZO/Al复合背电极的太阳能电池性能大幅提高.当GZO层厚度为100 nm时,太阳能电池的短路电流(I_SC)、开路电压(V_OC)和填充因子(FF)分别达到8.66 mA,1.62 V和54.7%.     

球形纳米银粒子制备新方法及其表征

采用水热法,不添加任何还原剂,在表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone,PVP)的保护下,热分解碳酸银制得纳米银溶胶.将纳米银溶胶经过后续离心分离,干燥后得到纳米银粉.通过改变反应温度、反应时间、表面活性剂浓度、种类及反应物浓度等反应条件,分析了各反应条件对纳米银粒子形貌的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和电子能谱仪(energy dispersivespectroscopy,EDS)分析表明,在反应温度为180℃、反应时间为5 h、AgNO3浓度为0.1 mol/L、NaHCO3浓度为0.05mol/L、PVP为1.7 g的最佳制备工艺条件下,纳米银粒子为球形,粒径分布范围窄,单一分散,粒径40 nm左右.结果表明,表面分散剂PVP以及AgNO3与NaHCO3的浓度对球形纳米银的合成具有关键作用.     

用于水性导电油墨的纳米银分散液的制备

运用液相化学还原法,以次磷酸钠(NaH2 PO2 ·H2 O)为还原剂,PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)为高分子保护剂,六偏磷酸钠为分散剂,还原硝酸银溶液制得了用于水性导电油墨的纳米银分散液。设计4 因素3 水平的正交实验L9(33 ),研究了还原剂用量、保护剂用量、分散剂用量及反应温度对纳米银粉粒度及形貌的影响,获得了制备纳米银分散液的最佳条件:在AgNO3 浓度为1. 0 mol/ L 时,n( NaH2 PO2 ·H2 O) / n( AgNO3 ) 为2. 5 :1,n(PVP) / n(AgNO3 )为1. 5 :1,n(六偏磷酸钠) / n(AgNO3 )为0. 007 :1,反应温度为40 ℃的条件下,制备的纳米银分散液放置30 d 后,经SEM 表征和纳米粒度及电位分析仪测试,可获得主要粒度分布在15 ~60 nm 的纳米银分散液,克服了水性导电油墨填料易絮凝的问题。     

正交设计优化制备高分散性纳米银粉研究

以AgNO3为银源,水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为还原剂,化学还原制备了高分散性纳米银粉。通过TEM,XRF和XRD分别对其形貌、组成和结构进行了表征。在单因素实验确定了溶液pH值、分散剂种类的基础上,结合正交实验考察了AgNO3浓度、分散剂用量及反应温度对纳米银粉的分散性的影响。研究结果表明,制备纳米银粉的优化条件:溶液pH值为8,AgNO3浓度为0.5mol·L-1,水合肼浓度为0.5mol·L-1,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,PVP/AgNO3(质量比)为9∶100,反应温度为30℃。     

精氨酸对引起采后蓝莓腐烂的链格孢靶标菌的抑制效果研究

目的 旨在筛选引起蓝莓采后腐烂的链格孢靶标菌株,并比较L-精氨酸和山梨酸钾对其抑制效果,为蓝莓采后链格孢腐烂病的防控提供前期基础。方法 通过组织分离法结合单孢分离法进行致腐菌的分离,采用ITS序列分析进行属水平鉴定,采用ATP序列分析结合形态学观察进行种水平鉴定,采用平板抑菌法比较L-精氨酸和山梨酸钾的抑菌效果。结果 本研究分离获得的链格孢菌均有致病性,分别属于3个不同种群,分别为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)、互隔交链孢(A. alternata)和云南铁杉链格孢(A. dumosa)。以菌株B20190623E3(A. tenuissima代表菌株)、菌株B20190623B1(A. alternata代表菌株)、菌株B20190623C1(A. dumosa代表菌株)为靶标菌,发现L-精氨酸对供试3株靶标菌的EC50值均低于山梨酸钾。结论 供试链格菌株均有致病性,其中引起蓝莓采后腐烂的优势链格孢种群为细极链格孢。云南铁杉链格孢为引起蓝莓果实腐烂的新纪录种。筛选获得了3株链格孢代表靶标菌。L-精氨酸对引起蓝莓采后腐烂的链格孢菌具有较好的抑制效果。     

具有自相似结构纳米银粉的制备及表征

采用液相化学还原法,以改性聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散稳定剂,用抗坏血酸还原硝酸银得到银溶胶,将银溶胶经离心分离、洗涤和真空干燥处理,得到规则球形纳米银粉.用动态光散射法激光粒度仪考察反应温度和溶液的pH值对纳米银粉粒度的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察纳米银粉的形貌.用X 射线衍射(XRD)表征纳米银粉的晶体结构.研究结果表明,反应温度为40 ℃、w(PVP):w(AgNO3)=0.8、AgNO3浓度为0.24 mol/L、抗坏血酸溶液pH值=10,可得到具有至少3级循环套嵌自相似结构的规则球形纳米银粉;纳米银粉聚集体纯净无杂质,粒径在500～1 000 nm之间;粉体一次颗粒粒径为9～20 nm.     

海藻酸钠光化学还原法制备纳米银

以海藻酸钠为还原剂和稳定剂,经紫外光照射 AgNO3溶液在室温下制备出纳米银。通过紫外吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)、抑菌实验等对纳米银进行表征。结果表明,照射时间、海藻酸钠和 AgNO3浓度对纳米银生成均有影响。在 AgNO3浓度为1 mmol/L,海藻酸钠浓度为0.5%,反应时间为2 h 时能够生成理想的纳米银。此时生成的银纳米粒子为球形,粒径分布均匀,粒径大小在1~5 nm 之间,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抑菌性。     

微波场中PVP还原制备Ag纳米粒子

用微波辐照聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和硝酸银(AgNO3)混合水溶液,改变微波辐照时间和反应物质量比制备出了形貌各异的纳米银粒子,并通过实验证实了PVP的催化还原作用。利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及X射线能谱(EDS)进行了表征分析。研究表明,在微波辐照条件下,PVP分子内酰胺基中的胺基N原子具有还原作用,可以将溶液中的银离子快速还原为银纳米颗粒,并且随着PVP与AgNO3的质量比的增大,银的形貌会出现由球形到立方体形、薄片形的系列转变。     

Facile photoreductive synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial studies

In the present work, silver nanoparticles stabilized with L-Cysteine (L-Cys) were synthesized based on the one-pot green process by UV irradiation, in which L-Cysteine acts as biological capping agent. The composition and morphological characteristics of the L-Cys capped AgNPs has been ascertained by different techniques such as UV–vis, FL, XRD, TEM, EDX, FTIR and CD analysis. The results demonstrated the formation of spherical nanoparticles of pure Ag° coated with L-Cys. The antibacterial tests on L-Cys capped AgNPs were performed, exerting effective antimicrobial activity both against E. coli and S. aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 21.9 μg/mL and 175 μg/mL, respectively. Considering this simple and green process, the approach may facilitate new approaches to the manufacture of AgNPs-based antibacterial agent.     

Fabrication of antibacterial monodispersed Ag-SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles with high concentration

Monodispersed Ag-SiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles with a high concentration of 400 mg/L were successfully fabricated by using tetraethoxysilane as silica precursor and reducing silver nitrate with ascorbic acid in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles had a spherical silver core in a size range from 14-26 nm in diameter and an amorphous silica shell of 15-28 nm thickness, respectively. The antibacterial effects of Ag-SiO₂ core-shell particles against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were tested by the usual twofold serial dilution method for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results indicated that the core-shell nanoparticles owned excellent antibacterial effects.     

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of silver nanoparticles biosynthesised by Streptomyces griseorubens

This study was performed to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesised using Streptomyces griseorubens AU2 isolated from soil. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was determined by agar well diffusion, disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Diameters of the zone of inhibition results clearly displayed that the microbially biosynthesised AgNPs have potent antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the nanoparticles that had been determined by broth microdilution method were found to be 20 and 50 µg/ml for C. albicans, B. subtilis and S. aureus; 10 and 20 µg/ml for E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. For determining the effect of AgNPs on biofilm formation under in vitro conditions, MIC and subMICs were studied on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms by using microplate biofilm assay. Treatment of the AgNPs resulted in a decrease in the biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa as 26.52 and 25.50%, respectively. As a result of this study, it can be suggested that actinobacterially synthesised AgNPs have an effective potential to be used for pharmaceutical applications against multi‐resistant microorganisms.Inspec keywords: silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, antibacterial activity, biomedical materials, microorganismsOther keywords: antimicrobial potentials, antibiofilm potentials, silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, Streptomyces griseorubens AU2, disc diffusion, microdilution method, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, nanoparticle minimum inhibitory concentration, nanoparticle minimum lethal concentration, biofilm formation, in vitro conditions, microplate biofilm assay, pharmaceutical applications, multiresistant microorganisms, Ag     

基于g–C3N4光催化型抗菌包装纸的制备及其抗菌性研究

目的 解决g–C3N4存在的比表面积小，电子–空穴复合速率快从而导致光催化性能不佳等问题。方法 以尿素和硫脲为前驱体材料，通过热解聚辅助水蒸气活化合成S掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g–C3N4)，并用界面聚合制备出光催化型抗菌包装纸。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、水接触角(WCA)、热重分析(TGA)、光催化抗菌实验等对抗菌包装纸的形态结构、表面官能团、纸张性质、光催化抗菌性进行详细研究。结果 致密的g–C3N4层有效提高了抗菌包装纸的疏水性和热稳定性。可见光照射下，光催化型抗菌包装纸对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭率达100%。未经可见光照射的原纸比光催化型包装纸的抗菌性差。结论 g–C3N4光催化型抗菌包装纸具有良好的广谱抗菌性，为绿色抗菌包装材料的制备提供了新思路。     

Antibacterial and biological properties of silver-loaded coralline hydroxyapatite

The antibacterial and biological properties of silver-loated coralline hydroxyapatite (Ag-CHA) as a new antibacterial implant material were investigated in this study. Compared to other antibiotic and chemical bactericidal agents, Ag⁺ does not bring bacterial resistance to drugs and has less toxicity. The porous CHA was formed by hydrothermal exchange, then Ag⁺ was loated onto CHA through ion exchange and adsorption. The microstructure and composition of Ag-CHA were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Antibacterial activity of Ag-CHA on the clinical strains of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) was evaluated by the flat plate diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of Ag-CHA was found to be correlated with the concentration of Ag⁺ in a dose-dependent manner, which indicated that the optimal antibacterial and biocompatible effects of Ag-CHA could be obtained with Ag⁺ concentrations from 5×10⁻⁵ to 1×10⁻⁴ mol/L.     

ROS mediated destruction of cell membrane,growth and biofilms of human bacterial pathogens by stable metallic AgNPs functionalized from bell pepper extract and quercetin

Yellow pepper extract and quercetin (QDH) were used for YPE-AgNPs and Q-AgNPs fabrication. The AgNPs were thoroughly characterized using standard physico-chemical techniques and were found monodispersed, pleomorphic and had variable shape and size with a lattice fringe of 0.23?nm. YPE-AgNPs and Q-AgNPs revealed a characteristic SPR band at 438?nm and 431?nm. The XRD crystal size of YPE-AgNPs and Q-AgNPs was 10.16 and 12.20?nm while TEM analysis showed a size range of 5–40 and 1–25?nm. Bio-fabricated AgNPs remained stable for at least four weeks as the SPR did not deviate with time. FTIR data revealed functionalization of AgNPs by organics of reaction mixture. AgNPs had robust antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against ESβL(+) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Staining of isolates with fluorescent probes displayed the increased production of ROS and membrane permeability. AgNPs hampered EPS production, endorsed DNA leakage, and generated superoxide radicals. Time and concentration dependent experiments demonstrated a consistent decrease in bacterial growth. Structural changes viz. irregular margins, distortion, depressions/indentations and shrinkage of cells were obvious under SEM. AgNPs due to strong antibacterial activity could be exploited as a supplement with antibacterial drugs to control resilient human infections.     

A new antibacterial titanium–copper sintered alloy: Preparation and antibacterial property

Copper element was added in pure titanium by a powder metallurgy to produce a new antibacterial titanium–copper alloy (Ti–Cu alloy). This paper reported the very early stage results, emphasizing on the preparation, mechanical property and antibacterial activity. The phase constitution was analyzed by XRD and the microstructure was observed under SEM equipped with EDS. The hardness, the compressive strength and the corrosion resistance of Ti–Cu alloy were tested in comparison with cp-Ti. The antibacterial property of the Ti–Cu alloy was assessed by two methods: agar diffusion assay and plate-count method, in which Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used. XRD and SEM results showed that Ti₂Cu phase and Cu-rich phase were synthesized in the Ti–Cu sintered alloy, which significantly increases the hardness and the compressive strength compared with cp-Ti and slightly improves the corrosion resistance. No antibacterial activity was detected by the agar diffusion assay on the Ti–Cu alloy, but the plate-count results indicated that the Ti–Cu alloy exhibited strong antibacterial property against both bacteria even after three polishing treatments, which demonstrates strongly that the whole alloy is of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanism was thought to be in associated with the Cu ion released from the Ti–Cu alloy.     

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy

An efficient protocol for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the combination of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia leaves and 5 mM silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution was developed. This study revealed that bioactive compounds present in the extract function as stabilizing and capping agent for AgNPs. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope studies confirm the structure and surface morphology of the AgNPs. The size of synthesized AgNPs was in the range of 30–50 nm having spherical morphology. The crystalline nature of NPs was defined by the X-ray diffraction pattern. The AgNPs were found to be toxic against pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and against plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum (MTCC 8608) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (MTCC 8785). The use of AgNPs as antibacterial and antifungal agent is advantageous over other methods for control of pathogenic microorganisms, and it can be of great importance in developing novel drugs for curing many lethal diseases.     

Facile fabrication of copper-supported ordered mesoporous carbon for antibacterial behavior

Copper-supported ordered mesoporous carbon (Cu/CMK-3) was prepared by impregnating ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) with CuCl₂ aqueous solution. CMK-3 was served as a carrier for the continuous immobilization of Cu. The supported copper was observed to be the bivalence state, indicating that the Cu²⁺ ion was not reduced into cuprous species or metallic copper in the CMK-3. The BET surface area and pore volume of Cu/CMK-3 were 728 m²/g and 0.95 cm³/g, respectively. The antibacterial activities of Cu/CMK-3 were tested by means of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and viable cell counting method. The results show that Cu/CMK-3 presents a good antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which indicates its potential applications as antibacterial material for microbiocides.     

Effects of solvent-free amine functionalization of graphene oxide and nanodiamond on bacterial growth

Abstract

We studied the effect of covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) and nanodiamond (ND) with octadecylamine (ODA) on bacterial growth (a series of experiments was performed also with pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes [SWNTs] for comparison). The bacteria tested were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which represent Gram-positive and Gram-negative types, respectively, and are of importance for the environment and human health. We found that pristine GO is the most toxic nanomaterial in both bacteria species, which exhibits a dose-dependent behavior. SWNTs show toxicity only against S. aureus at the higher concentrations of 1.0 and 10?mg/mL. Pristine ND, as expected, was found to be the least toxic against both species of bacteria, and in the experiments with S. aureus it even showed a viability amplifier activity at 10?mg/mL concentration. The use of ODA-functionalized nanomaterials generally changed the toxicity behavior, neutralizing the antibacterial effect of GO (for both S. aureus and E. coli), but making ODA-functionalized ND more toxic as compared to pristine material (with respect to S. aureus).