短波长钢轨波磨对地铁车辆车内噪声的影响

针对国内某地铁线路的车内噪声超标问题,进行了现场车内噪声和线路钢轨波磨的现场测量。测试发现,列车经过波磨区间的车内噪声高达90.3 dBA,而对该区间的钢轨打磨后,车内噪声可以降低11.6 dBA。对车内噪声进行频谱分析后发现车内噪声主频均在400-700 Hz,这与车辆通过区间轨道的波长为30-50 mm的波磨通过频率基本一致。对比分析发现波长160-200 mm波磨对车内噪声的影响要远低于短波长波磨。因此,短波长波磨是造成车内噪声异常的主要原因。通过对大量试验数据的统计分析,得出了车内噪声与30-50 mm短波长波磨粗糙度水平的关系曲线,并由该曲线提出了针对30-50 mm短波长波磨的打磨限值。     

高弹扣件轨道车轮间振动波的反射对钢轨短波长波磨的影响

地铁线路使用高弹扣件的直、曲线段均出现严重的短波长钢轨波磨(25 mm^30 mm)。针对该问题,在时域建立多车轮板式轨道系统模型研究了车轮间钢轨振动波反射而引起的垂向动态轮轨作用力。轮轨之间非线性的滚动接触等效为二维接触模型,其中纵向滑移区内的磨损与切应力引起的摩擦功成比例。综合瞬时轮轨动力学、接触力学和轮轨的长期磨损,对单、多轮轨作用下高弹扣件地铁线路以及普通扣件线路中钢轨波磨的进化过程分别进行仿真,通过对比结果表明使用高弹扣件地铁线路钢轨短波长波磨异常增长主要原因是钢轨振动波在临近车轮间的反射使得垂向动态接触力剧烈波动而加速轮轨间的不均匀磨损。最后,调频钢轨吸振器(TRD)引入系统模型并分析了其对这类短波长波磨的抑制作用,仿真结果表明TRD可以有效缓解车轮间的振动波反射以及相关的短波长波磨的异常增长。     

地铁波磨对轮轨动力特性影响及其安全阈值分析EI北大核心CSCD

现场测试某地铁线路普通道床地段钢轨波磨和钢轨振动加速度,建立了地铁车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,分析了不同特征钢轨波磨对轮轨系统动力特性的影响,提出了指导钢轨打磨控制波磨的波深安全阈值。结果表明:钢轨波磨主要发生在小半径曲线地段圆曲线内轨,主波长200~250 mm,最大波深约0.8 mm,直线地段出现短波波磨,主波长40 mm,最大波深约0.1 mm;波磨主要波长与轨道结构振动主频对应;钢轨波磨激励导致轨道结构振动较大,轮轨系统动力响应剧烈,尤其是70 mm以下的短波波磨;轮轨垂向力呈周期性波动,波动周期与波磨波长相同,周期内1/4波长处轮轨冲击振动达到峰值;钢轨波磨对轮轨系统动力响应的影响随着波长减小、波深增大而加剧;现有规程中指导钢轨打磨的波磨安全限值适用于长波波磨,对于波长30、40、50、60 mm的短波波磨,运营速度80 km/h情况下,建议波深安全阈值为0.08、0.11、0.12、0.21 mm,波深超出安全阈值后应及时打磨。     

地铁波磨对轮轨动力特性影响及其安全阈值分析

现场测试某地铁线路普通道床地段钢轨波磨和钢轨振动加速度,建立了地铁车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,分析了不同特征钢轨波磨对轮轨系统动力特性的影响,提出了指导钢轨打磨控制波磨的波深安全阈值.结果 表明:钢轨波磨主要发生在小半径曲线地段网曲线内轨,主波长200 ～ 250 mm,最大波深约0.8mm,直线地段出现短波波磨,主波长...     

曲线段浮置板轨道横向特征对车内噪声影响分析

以小半径曲线段浮置板轨道结构为研究对象,建立曲线段浮置板轨道的横向振动模型,结合现场的钢轨-道床-车厢等“三维一体”实时测试,重点挖掘同一时刻同一辆车下浮置板道床横向频响、钢轨粗糙度与车内噪声的频响相互对应特征,深入剖析曲线段浮置板轨道结构横向特征对车内噪声的影响机理。结果表明：（1）半径350 m曲线段浮置板轨道结构的横向中高动态频响400 Hz～630 Hz与车内噪声超标频段范围一致;（2）曲线段浮置板轨道钢轨31.5 mm的波长是导致车厢内噪声异常超标的主要原因;（3）抑制短波长波磨发展及添加谐振式钢轨阻尼器是控制车内噪声的主要方法,研究成果对车内噪声治理与轨道结构设计具有可靠的参考价值。     

小半径曲线地段钢轨波磨对于地面振动影响的测试分析#br#

针对地铁小半径曲线地段钢轨波磨对于地面环境振动的影响,选取某地铁普通整体道床小半径曲线钢轨有波磨与无波磨地段车辆通过时的隧道内及地面振动状况进行测试,同时测量有波磨地段与无波磨地段钢轨波磨实际状况。从频域角度对数据分析整理,研究结果表明：钢轨波磨对于隧道内及地面振动存在显著增大作用;列车通过引起的振动在钢轨-轨道板-隧道壁-地面的传播过程中逐渐降低,并且高频振动的下降速度大于低频振动;短波波磨对于钢轨振动的影响较为剧烈,而长波波磨对地面环境振动影响较大。     

基于实测数据的环线地铁钢轨波磨特征分析

介绍钢轨波磨现行的主要分类方法和评价标准。以某环线地铁为例,对全线不同线路条件和轨道类型的钢轨波磨进行检测,按照轨道类型、曲线半径、线路型式以及曲线高、低轨来对比分析钢轨波磨的典型特征;使用BS EN ISO 3095标准对钢轨波磨进行量化评价。结果表明,该线路波磨分布最广的为普通扣件轨道,300 m～400 m半径曲线轨道,缓和曲线以及低轨。钢轨波磨出现频次最高的为钢弹簧浮置板轨道,200 m～300 m半径曲线轨道,圆曲线和低轨。各种轨道类型上都存在25 mm～50 mm波长波磨,400 m半径曲线轨道上的波磨波长分布最广,圆曲线和缓和曲线上波磨波长分布特征基本相同。     

基于CEEMDAN–MPE算法的地铁短波长钢轨波磨识别

针对地铁钢轨波磨检测效率低、准确率低等问题,提出一种基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解–多尺度排列熵的地铁短波长钢轨波磨识别方法。首先采用自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）方法将轴箱振动加速度信号逐级分解为多个不同特征时间尺度相对平稳的固有模态函数（IMF）;引入多尺度排列熵（MPE）分析各IMF在不同尺度上的熵均值,计算各IMF的相关系数,然后将随机程度较大或信噪比较低的分量剔除,计算剩余IMF的能量值及总能量值,通过设定阈值判断是否存在钢轨波磨,最后对能量值超过阈值的分量进行小波包时频分析,提取振动中心频率确定钢轨波磨波长。结果表明：（1）基于CEEMDAN–MPE算法可通过轴箱振动加速度准确识别短波长钢轨波磨及发生区域;（2）该方法在识别短波长波磨的准确性上优于EEMD能量值和小波包能量熵方法,并且能够较为准确地提取短波长波磨不平顺导致的振动响应,便于针对波磨的波深做进一步分析。     

低速工况下浮轨扣件减振降噪及钢轨波磨分析

采用浮轨扣件对昆明地铁钢轨波磨严重、附近环境振动噪声超标的某路段进行改造,分别测试改造前后钢轨变形、轨道系统振动、钢轨波磨、车内振动噪声、敏感建筑物振动及二次辐射噪声变化水平。结果表明,与普通扣件相比,在采用浮轨扣件区间隧道壁振动降低12.2 d B(Z),车内振动噪声分别降低5.3 d B(Z)和6.6 d B(A),钢轨波磨降低4.2 d B(A),敏感建筑物室内振动和二次辐射噪声分别降低6.3 d B(Z)和4.0 d B(A),表明浮轨扣件在低速工况下具有较好的抑制钢轨波磨和减振降噪性能。     

小半径曲线段钢轨短波波磨的影响因素分析

钢轨短波波磨主要出现在地铁小半径曲线路段上,波长范围一般为20mm～100mm,是铁路行业面临的一个比较普遍的问题。通过锤击法对某地铁曲线段线路的GJ-32扣件、先锋扣件与科隆蛋扣件进行了垂向、横向频率响应特性测试,同时利用CAT波磨测试仪测试了曲线段的波磨情况,对小半径曲线段钢轨短波波磨进行研究。通过现场调查和试验测试得出如下结论：（1）、先锋扣件轨道结构形式下钢轨的横向551Hz“pinned-pinned”共振频率是导致小半径曲线段波长为20mm左右的钢轨短波波磨的一个重要原因;（2）、小半径曲线路段上不同扣件结构形式下钢轨的垂向弯曲共振不是曲线段出现波磨的主要原因。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.