一种由二维轮廓线重建物体表面的方法

本文提出一种通过体数据转换实现由轮廓线重建物体表面的方法 .该方法根据“表面投影区”比较两相邻切平面上对应像素点的状态函数值 ,以确定影响等值面生成的像素点 ,从而只进行影响等值面生成的像素点的距离函数的计算 ,并可在根据需要对相邻切平面上的对应点进行插值计算后 ,生成分辨率较高的体数据 .本文采用改进的 MT算法生成等值面 ,完成物体的表面重建 .该方法缩短了体数据的构造时间 ,在保证了重建正确性的前提下提高了整个表面的重建速度     

一种基于八叉树的快速体素化方法

当前的体素化方法大都具有较高的复杂性,计算开销大,对硬件要求高。为了简单快速地实现3D模型的体素化,提出一种基于八叉树的快速体素化方法。首先在使用八叉树进行模型细分的基础上,得到模型表面数据。然后根据表面数据选择多个方向对模型进行逐行扫描。该方法能快速地区分出模型的外部数据和内部数据,最终实现模型的体素化。对不同分辨率下的多种模型的实验结果表明,文中提出的方法能有效地实现快速体素化,具有一定的应用价值。     

基于体素模型的3D打印支撑算法

3D 打印技术是通过对材料的逐层堆积来构建物体,但对模型悬空的区域需要添加 支撑结构。支撑结构不仅会造成打印材料的浪费,而且会延长打印时间并对模型外表有所损伤。 为此,提出一种基于体素模型的支撑算法,针对体素化后的模型,分析体素之间的相互支撑作用, 并引入体素支撑能量函数概念和计算方法,计算出需要添加支撑的体素,从而得到需要添加支撑 结构的区域,并由该区域生成支撑结构,之后通过实验对算法进行验证。实验结果显示该算法能 够更加准确地对模型生成支撑,同时,基于体素模型的支撑算法对于模型内部支撑计算,也具有 很好的适用性。     

高分辨真三维显示中的体素化及均匀化方法

为了使基于投影的真三维显示获得径向均匀亮度,并提高有效体素数量,提出一种体素化和均匀化方法.针对体素中轴亮度高和外围亮度低的问题,分析了现有体素采样方法导致体素数量损失过多的原因;然后以二维平面填充算法替代三维体素采样,提出基于径向范围填充的体素化方法,以及基于抖动技术的均匀化方法,以修正了柱空间内体素亮度失真.实验结果证明,文中方法保留了约60％的体显示分辨率,有效体素数量达到2亿个,真三维显示样机能够在室内光环境下显示清晰且均匀的全角度立体影像.     

一种基于图像的非均匀单散射参与介质建模方法

针对非均匀单散射参与介质建模问题,提出一种能够保持密度场空间变化细节的建模方法.使用体数据、吸收和散射系数之比分别描述参与介质空间变化的密度分布及光线在其内部的传输特性,通过构建采集图像像素值与它们之间的表达式,将建模问题转化为非线性数值优化问题,求最优解.为了解决高分辨率体数据下大量体素密度值同时求解带来的时间开销大及数值不稳定问题,提出一种符合采集图像像素值明暗分布规律的密度场体数据初始化算法和一种多分辨率体数据逐步求精优化算法;为了快速计算大量体素密度值梯度,提出一种基于GPU的多体素并行梯度计算算法.实验结果表明,提出的方法能够根据采集图像重构烟模型,并保持其细节信息.     

一种基于自适应均值平滑算法的三维重绘技术

传感器工艺仿真的计算基础是体素模型,但是由于体素模型分辨率所限可能造成阶梯效应,以致体素模型的可视化效果不好。因此我们需要将体素模型转化为三角面片模型,但是通过常见的转化方法所得到的三角面片模型表面粗糙。本文提出了一种基于自适应均值平滑算法的三维重绘技术,对体素模型进行程度不同的平滑滤波,再利用marching cubes算法得到三角面片模型。经仿真实验表明文章中方法得到的三角面片模型表面光滑可视化效果更好。     

基于分层四叉树的多分辨率数字岩心的表示与生成

传统的数字岩心建模方法建立的数字岩心模型尺寸单一,分辨率固定,导致存储空间过大,难以维护等问题.因此,提出了一种分层四叉树模型,给出了模型的构建及扩展方法,基于此模型,建立多分辨率数字岩心体素模型,同时在分层四叉树模型基础上,结合Marching Cubes移动立方体算法生成数字岩心面模型.通过实例检验证明,该方法建立的数字岩心模型极大地节省了存储空间,耗时较少,同时具有易于维护管理等优点.     

自适应分块细节水平的多分辨率体绘制方法

采用多分辨率体绘制医学数据时,一般使用相同的阈值或者细节水平生成纹理,很难处理大规模数据,为此提出一种多分辨率纹理生成方法.首先采用基于方差加权香农熵的自适应分块细节水平选择算法建立原始体数据的统一划分多分辨率表示;然后采用分块纹理重组操作,生成具有更高压缩率的体数据多分辨率压缩纹理.文中方法已在GPU上实现,而且实验结果对比表明,该方法既能得到较好的体数据压缩率,又能完成高质量的绘制.     

基于中轴表达的三维模型轮廓提取方法

三维网格模型的轮廓信息在网格检索、网格简化、网格重建中有着广泛应用。现有的轮廓提取方法较为复杂,需要分析和过滤网格模型的几何特征,计算量大且有时无法生成完整的轮廓信息。近年来,三维模型的中轴表达研究趋于成熟,在表达模型几何拓扑关系上有独特的优势。因此,提出了一种基于中轴表达的三维模型轮廓提取方法：首先提取三维模型的中轴表达信息,将中轴角点投影到三维模型表面;然后根据每个区域的拓扑关系选择适合的角点连接关系,将投影点连接形成模型区域轮廓;再针对投影过程中产生的误差进行分析和纠正;最后合并区域轮廓得到三维模型的完整轮廓。通过对多个模型数据库中代表性的三维网格模型进行实验和重建误 差比较,该方法的平均重建质量较现有方法约有 10%的提升,在重建质量和轮廓信息完整度方面优于现有方法。     

改进的点到三角网距离快捷算法

针对现有基于体素结构的点到三角网距离算法中存在的可能因未找到最近三角形所在体素而导致计算结果错误,以及较远点距离计算速度慢的问题,对其进行改进,提出准确快捷的基于体素结构的距离算法.首先将每个三角形进行点采样并求出采样点所在体素,得到三角网的体素化结果;对于每个待计算点,通过邻接体素与点距离变化规律寻找三角网包围盒内与该点距离小于某半径值的所有体素,逐渐扩大该半径值直至找到非空体素为止;以找到的体素中最近三角形到该点的距离作为初始距离,再令该半径值等于初始距离与一个适当微小量之和,即可找到与该点最近的三角形,得到准确的距离.实例测试结果表明,文中算法在一般情况下运算速度较快,与现有算法相比,较远点到三角网距离的计算时间明显缩短.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。