基于混合粒子群算法的远程机动轨道优化设计

研究了粒子群算法在空间飞行器连续推力轨道机动最优化问题.为优化空间飞行器轨道,给出了空间飞行器轨道机动最优化控制问题模型,运动方程用地心惯性坐标系下建立;性能指标选为轨道机动过程中时间最小;控制变量为推力攻角;终端状态受到位置和速度的约束.针对粒子群算法的缺点,提出混合粒子群算法,即将全局寻优能力强的粒子群算法和局部寻优能力强的非线性规划相结合,以提高算法的搜索精度和收敛速度.并将其应用于连续推力空间飞行器轨道机动优化之中.仿真表明混合粒子群算法对于空间飞行器远程机动轨道初始参数取值不敏感,具有一定的鲁棒性,生成的轨道能够较好地满足各种约束条件,并可以应用于空间飞行器连续推力轨道最优机动问题的求解.     

弹道导弹再入机动弹道设计研究

具有再入机动能力是现今导弹发展的主要方向,而研究机动变轨对提高导弹作战能力的作用效果,首先要在设计研究再入机动弹道的基础上开展.在建立空间再入机动弹道数学模型的基础上,从保证末速最大的要求出发,利用最优控制原理和数值分析进行了最佳再入机动弹道设计,并基于Visual C 编程软件进行仿真计算.结果表明,设计方法可行,验证了模型的正确性和所作近似的合理性.通过图例可以看出机动弹道可大大提高导弹的突防能力和生存能力,具有攻击复杂地形目标的能力.     

高超音速导弹的新型控制模式研究

弹头变质心机动控制是通过移动弹头的质心位置,利用气动配平力矩改变弹头的飞行姿态和攻角,从而可实现弹头机动控制.以弹头为例,在推导出质量矩弹头的动力学方程基础上,通过分析其方程组的特点并结合弹头再入过程中的气动、速度等参数变化规律,给出了质量矩弹头再入过程中宜采用的控制模式,为其控制律的设计提供了必要的理论参考.     

基于复合执行机构的再入弹头自适应反演控制

为了提高再入弹头命中精度和机动突防能力, 将质量滑块和单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG) 配合使用, 以在弹头再入全过程中产生足够的姿态控制力矩. 针对再入系统物理参数及外界环境干扰的不确定性, 利用反演方法设计再入弹头姿态自适应控制器. 该控制器可以对转动惯量不确定性进行自适应补偿, 并且有效抑制力矩干扰对姿态控制系统的影响. 对某型再入弹头的仿真研究表明, 所提出的控制器可以实现姿态角的良好跟踪.

     

机动弹头六自由度运动建模研究

机动弹头的应用是弹道导弹提高突防能力和命中精度的有效选择。为了深人研究机动弹头的制导与控制规律,该文针对机动弹头再人机动飞行的特点,给出了气动控制力和控制力矩的计算模型,并应用六自由度一体化建模理论建立了较为精确的动力学和运动学数学模型,而且基于MATLAB／Simulink对其数学模型进行了转化,建立了可在计算机上实现的数字仿真模型,并给出了部分仿真结果。结果表明,所建立的机动弹头六自由度运动模型能够充分表征其再入机动飞行的特点,为制导和控制系统的六自由度一体化建模与仿真提供了基础和前提。     

基于改进粒子群算法的再入飞行器轨迹优化

采用基于距离量度和自适应惩罚相结合的约束处理技术的改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)应用于再入飞行器轨迹优化,避免适应值函数中复杂的罚函数及罚因子的设计,提高优化算法的通用性.以高超声速飞行器最小控制量再入轨迹优化为例,并对飞行器运动模型进行简化及控制量参数化.对两种不同的高超声速飞行器模型进行优化,仿真结果验证算法的有效性...     

基于迭代粒子群算法的间歇过程优化

针对无状态和终端约束的间歇过程动态优化问题,将迭代思想与粒子群优化算法相结合,提出了迭代粒子群算法.算法首先将控制变量离散化,用标准粒子群算法搜索离散控制变量的最优解,并在随后的迭代过程中不断收缩控制变量的搜索域,使优化性能指标和控制轨线不断趋于最优解.为使优化轨线光滑平稳,算法采用三点线性平滑算子对每次迭代结果进行平滑滤波.算法简洁,可行,高效,特别是在系统梯度信息不可得的情况下更具实用性.对一个间歇过程的仿真结果证明了迭代粒子群算法可以有效地解决不含状态和终端约束的间歇过程动态优化问题.     

迭代粒子群算法及其在间歇过程鲁棒优化中的应用

针对无状态独立约束和终端约束的间歇过程鲁棒优化问题，将迭代方法与粒子群优化算法相结合，提出了迭代粒子群算法．对于该算法，首先将控制变量离散化，用标准粒子群优化算法搜索离散控制变量的最优解．然后在随后的迭代过程中将基准移到刚解得的最优值处，同时收缩控制变量的搜索域，使优化性能指标和控制轨线在迭代过程中不断趋于最优解．算法简洁、可行、高效，避免了求解大规模微分方程组的问题．对一个间歇过程的仿真结果证明了迭代粒子群算法可以有效地解决无状态独立约束和终端约束的间歇过程鲁棒优化问题．     

机动再入目标跟踪仿真研究

在弹道目标跟踪精度优化的研究中,机动再入目标高速的运动特性与复杂的受力环境,使得单一的运动模型与标准的交互式多模型算法不能真实反映其运动状况,而导致跟踪误差较大.为了提高跟踪精度,引入强跟踪滤波器的交互式多模型(IMM)算法,并将“当前”统计模型(CS)引入到交互式多模型算法中,提出CS_STF_IMM算法.通过“当前”统计模型对强机动的适应性与强跟踪滤波器关于模型失配的鲁棒性提高跟踪的精度与稳定度.仿真结果表明,改进算法在对机动再入弹道目标跟踪时具有良好的跟踪效果,并且稳定性高.     

某型反舰导弹末端机动突防概率仿真研究

为了研究反舰导弹在不同的末端机动方式下,当有敌方舰空导弹拦截时,那种方式突防概率最高,以及与灌顶攻击相比,那种方式最好.从工程应用的角度出发,针对某型反舰导弹,基于导弹、目标与拦截弹之间的三维相对模型,考虑了反舰导弹的多种外界因素,以及拦截弹的约束条件,进行了有拦截情况下的六自由度全弹道末端机动突防仿真研究.根据不同的初始仿真条件,应用蒙特卡洛法,分别计算了反舰弹不同机动方式下,以及灌顶攻击时的突防概率.仿真结果表明,当拦截弹带中制导时,灌顶攻击的突防概率最高;当拦截弹不带中制导时,螺旋机动的突防概率最大,摆式机动次之,然后是灌顶攻击,最后是纵向蛇形和航向蛇形机动,而突防概率最低的则是反舰导弹不进行末端机动.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。