喷射成形GCr15钢的显微组织及晶粒大小对其超塑性的影响

就喷射成形GCr15钢的显微组织及晶粒大小对其超塑性的影响进行了研究.结果显示,喷射成形GCr15钢具有细小等轴晶组织.喷射态GCr15钢在790℃C和2.5×10-4s-1应变速率条件下进行拉伸,延伸率为119%.喷射态GCr15钢经过淬回火处理,晶粒明显细化,在700℃C和2.5×10-4s-1条件下拉伸,其延伸率可达671%.淬回火处理试样再经过等温锻造加工,晶粒显著长大,在同样的700℃C和2.5×10-4s-1条件下拉伸,延伸率由原先的671%下降到392%.由此可见,超塑性与晶粒大小的变化确实密切相关,本研究的TEM观察结果亦已证实晶粒大小的变化.     

2091Al-Li合金超塑变形对常规性能的影响

一、前言 Al-Li合金具有低密度、高比强度和比刚度的特殊优点,是一种极富有应用潜力的新一代航空、航天结构材料,近十年来得到了迅速发展。基于材料良好超塑性的超塑成形技术可使复杂构件一次成形,从而提高构件的整体性能,显著地减轻构件重量,降低成本,这又引起人们研究和发展超塑性Al-Li合金。Al-Li合金超塑成形件性能的优劣是由超塑变形过程中形成的微观结构所决定的,如晶粒、空洞等的影响。故本文着重通过改变起塑变形量、应变速率以研究2091Al-Li合金超塑变形中微观组织变化与变形后常规性能之间的规律。 二、材料与实验方法 1.材料 研究用材为本实验室由锭冶金法生产的2091Al-Li合金。超塑预处理工艺为:均匀化、热轧、固溶、过时效、最后冷轧成1.5mm厚的板材。成分为Al-2.06Li-2.59Cu-1.15Mg-0.23Zr(wt％),试样采用标距为10mm的标准样。     

TC6钛合金的超塑变形机制研究

提出了一种全新的超塑性研究方法：基于m值的高效超塑变形机制。采用该方法对TC6钛合金进行高温拉伸实验,研究其超塑性能,并与最大m值法超塑性进行比较分析。实验结果表明,细晶组织的该合金具有优良的超塑性,最佳变形温度在900℃,最大m值超塑变形可以获得20倍的最大延伸率;基于m值的高效超塑变形可以显著提高超塑成形效率,在获...     

精密喷射成形HM1钢摩擦磨损性能研究

为了探索提高HM1钢耐磨性能的制备新途径,采用往复式滑动干摩擦实验研究了精密喷射成形HM1钢摩擦磨损性能并对其磨损机制进行了分析,同时还与铸态材料进行了对比.结果表明:不同载荷下,喷射态和喷射回火态HM1钢摩擦系数均低于铸态;当载荷为100 N时,与铸态相比,喷射态磨损量比其低约34%,喷射回火态磨损量比其减少约48%.对磨痕形貌分析表明,当载荷为40 N时,铸态试样以粘着磨损为主,当载荷为100 N时,转换为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损共存,并伴随严重的氧化磨损;对于喷射态和喷射回火态试样,则以磨粒磨损为主,氧化磨损减轻.     

Al—Cu—Mg—Zr超塑合金扩散连接辊轧工艺研究

研究了辊轧温度和压下量对超塑合金Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｇ－Ｚｒ板材扩散连接和超塑性的影响，实验结果表明，辊轧温度过高对合金的超塑性不利，在４３０℃￣４４０℃以６０％￣６５％的压下量辊轧，扩散连接效果很好，扩散连接试样满足后续吹塑成形的要求，可吹塑出完整的超塑成形样品。     

Al－Cu－Mg－Zr超塑合金扩散连接辊轧工艺研究

研究了辊轧温度和压下量对超塑合金Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｇ－Ｚｒ板材扩散连接和超塑性的影响。实验结果表明，辊轧温度过高对合金的超塑性不利。在４３０℃～４４０℃以６０％～６５％的压下量辊轧，扩散连接效果很好。扩散连接试样满足后续吹塑成形的要求，可吹塑出完整的超塑成形样品。     

超声波振动条件下磁控溅射纳米材料的超塑变形研究

根据高性能纳米材料高精度成形的发展需求,介绍了磁控溅射纳米材料的组织及力学特性,分析了磁控溅射纳米材料超塑成形的优缺点,描述了大功率超声波振动对超塑成形的促进作用。综述了国内外超声波辅助塑性成形的发展现状及最新研究进展,提出了超声波振动辅助超塑成形的发展趋势。     

高碳钢超塑性形变组织的研究

本文研究了高碳钢在893k 温度下超塑形变过程中组织结构的变化。尽管含碳1.2wt％的钢形变前的原始组织中存在一些片层状珠光体,但以0.31mm/min 的速度拉伸后仍获得了442％的延伸率。由于这些片层状珠光体在形变过程中迅速球化,因而对钢的超塑性能无明显妨害。在形变中,球状渗碳体发生彼此相连,含碳1.6wt％的钢中的渗碳体形成沿晶界的条状和网状,考虑到钢的室温力学性能,作者建议用于超塑成形的钢的含碳量选择在0.8～1.2wt％范围。     

冷轧态Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的超塑变形工艺

研究了未经预处理的冷轧态 Al-Li 合金超塑变形工艺,根据三段拉伸设想,按正交试验设计方案,进行了超塑拉伸试验。结果表明:对于冷轧态 Al-Li 合金,采用三段拉伸工艺可以获得良好的超塑性,其延伸率达到550%以上,超过一段和两段拉伸。     

Zn-5Al超塑合金的恒载荷拉伸实验研究

研究表明，Zn-5Al超塑性合金的应变速率敏感指数m和超塑性变形激活能Q值和超塑性流动粘滞系数η可采用恒载荷蠕变法进行测定，在恒载荷变形条件下，应变速率敏感指数m随应变速率的增加而增大，超塑性流动的粘滞系数η随应变速率的增加而减小，超塑拉伸前对轧态试样进行保温处理时，由于通过回复和再结晶释放了合金中的储能，降低了超塑变形的动力，导致变形抗力增加而延伸率下降。     

40Cr钢焊接区表面高频淬火后的超塑焊接

探讨了４０Ｃｒ钢焊接区表面局部高频淬火后超塑焊接的可行性及影响因素，并对接头组织进行了观察和分析。试验结果表明，焊接区局部高频淬火后的４０Ｃｒ钢在其超塑变形温度及应变速率范围内，经短时超塑压接其接头抗拉强度可达到母材之值。     

Microstructural evolution and superplastic behavior in friction stir processed Mg–Li–Al–Zn alloy

A Mg–Li–Al–Zn alloy was friction stir processed (FSP) under water, and the microstructures and superplastic behavior in the FSP alloy were investigated. The FSP Mg–Li–Al–Zn alloy consisted of a mixed microstructure with fine, equiaxed, and recrystallized α (hcp) and β (bcc) grains surrounded by high-angle grain boundaries, and the average grain size of the α and β grains was ~1.6 and ~6.8 μm, respectively. The fine α grains played a critical role in providing thermal stability for the β grains. The FSP Mg–Li–Al–Zn alloy exhibited low-temperature superplasticity with a ductility of 330 % at 100 °C and high strain rate superplasticity with ductility of ≥400 % at 225–300 °C. Microstructural examination and superplastic data analysis revealed that the dominant deformation mechanism for the FSPed Mg–Li–Al–Zn alloy is grain boundary sliding, which is controlled by the grain boundary diffusion in the β phase.     

碳化硅颗粒增强LY12铝合金复合材料超塑性研究

本文研究了粉末冶金法制造的SiCp/LY₁₂复合材料的超塑性。测定了热挤压态SiCp/LY₁₂复合材料的拉伸、压缩m值,分析了工艺参数对超塑性的影响,确定了超塑性成形工艺参数,并初步分析了SiCp/LY₁₂复合材料的显微结构和超塑拉伸试样断口形貌和断裂机制。      

Superplastic microstructures

Abstract

The production of fine, stable equiaxed grains, having disordered high angle boundaries, is a prerequisite for superplastic behaviour in crystalline solids. The way that superplastic microstructures can be achieved in pseudo-single-phase and duplex materials by thermomechanical processing is discussed for a number of commercially significant materials. The resulting superplastic deformation characteristics are outlined, as are the factors that influence cavitation during superplastic flow. Alloys based on aluminium, titanium, copper, iron, and nickel are considered, and also aluminium based metal-matrix composites, intermetallic phases, and crystalline ceramic materials. Recent work on markedly enhanced superplastic behaviour in aluminium and copper alloys and in stainless steels is reported, and the similarities between superplasticity in crystalline ceramics and metallic materials is discussed. The development of superplastic microstructures in metal-matrix composites, intermetallic phases, and ceramics has enhanced their formability and their potential as high temperature structural materials.

MST/1298     

MICROSTRUCTURAL MODELING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE SUPERPLASTIC FORMING PROCESS

Superplastic forming is a manufacturing process during which a sheet is blow formed into a die to produce lightweight and strong components. In this paper, the microstructural mechanism of grain growth during superplastic deformation is studied. A new model, which considers grain growth, is proposed and applied to conventional superplastic materials. The relationships among the strain, strain rate, test temperature, initial grain size, and grain growth in superplastic materials are discussed. According to the proposed model, theoretical predictions for superplastic forming processes are presented, and comparison with experimental data is given. The new constitutive equation of superplasticity is introduced into a finite element method program to study superplastic blow forming. The effects of the geometric shape parameters of the die on the superplastic blow forming process are investigated, and the inhomogeneity in the thickness distribution of the specimen is analyzed.     

热处理工艺对3Cr2W8V热作模具钢高温磨损性能的影响

观察和测试了3Cr2W8V热作模具钢经不同温度淬火(直接油淬)、回火后的显微组织和硬度,分析了热处理工艺对其高温磨损性能的影响。研究发现,淬火和回火温度对3Cr2W8V钢高温磨损性能有明显影响,其中回火温度比淬火温度的影响更显著;随着回火温度的提高,钢的硬度先升后降,耐磨性显著下降;随着淬火温度的提高,耐磨性先升后降;经1 050℃淬火+540℃回火的3Cr2W8V钢具有最好的耐磨性;在400℃高温磨损条件下,3Cr2W8V钢的磨损机制为典型的氧化磨损,高的硬度有助于减少基体塑性变形,降低氧化物膜的剥落数量,而过多未溶碳化物和晶粒粗大等因素则导致在一定磨损载荷下基体开裂,加速氧化物剥落。     

Fabrication of high chromium cast iron/low carbon steel composite material by cast and hot rolling process

A sandwich-structured composite blank containing a high chromium cast iron (HCCI) and low carbon steel (LCS) claddings was successfully fabricated by casting and hot rolling, and then a series of quenching and tempering treatments were employed. The evolution of microstructures and microhardness of as-cast, hot-rolled and heat-treated specimens were investigated. The microstructures of hot-rolled HCCI are refined and significant variations of carbides are observed. A perfect metallurgical bonding between HCCI and LCS is revealed by the continuous distributions of alloy elements. The microhardness of hot-rolled HCCI after quenching and tempering is found to be close to that of as-cast one. The hardness of HCCI can reach up to HV 750 or above after oil quenching. The hardness of HCCI reduced to HV 600–750 after tempering due to the tempering of martensite.     

Superplastic Behaviour of a Rapidly Solidified Al-17Si Alloy

A rapidly solidified Al-17Si alloy was pre-pared by the ultrasonic gas atomization andextrusion method.Its superplasticity was studiedunder constant cross-head speed tensile test condi-tion over the temperature range of 450℃ to 550℃and strain rate range of 1.67×10~(-4) to 6.17×10~(-2) s~(-1).The superplastic behaviour of theas-extruded and the thermomechanically treatedsamples was compared.It was found that thethermomechanical treatment was essential toachieving superplastic deformation.A maximumelongation of 445% was obtained at test tempera-ture of 550℃ and strain rate of 6.17×10~(-4) s~(-1).The microstructures before and after deformationwere studied using OM,SEM and TEM.Void for-mation on the primary Si phase interfaces wasfound to have detrimental effect on superplasticity.It was also noted that the primary Si phasecoarsened rapidly during superplastic deformation.The micromechanisms of superplasticity,phasecoarsening and void formation were discussed.     

Microstructure and superplasticity of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

A new superplastic process was introduced in this paper. This new process is very simple and easy to use in practical production. Continuous recrystallization occurred during superplastic deformation and very fine grained microstructure formed, which provides excellent superplasticity for the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy 7075.     

Enhancement of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of electron beam welded 300M ultrahigh strength steel joints

In this study, four post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) schedules were selected to enhance the mechanical properties of electron beam welded 300M ultrahigh strength steel joints. The microstructure, mechanical properties and fractography of specimens under the four post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions were investigated and also compared with the base metal (BM) specimens treated by conventional quenching and tempering (QT). Results of macro and microstructures indicate that all of the four PWHT procedures did not eliminate the coarse columnar dendritic grains in weld metal (WM). Whereas, the morphology of the weld centerline and the boundaries of the columnar dendritic grains in WM of weld joint specimens subjected to the PWHT procedure of normalizing at 970 °C for 1 h followed by conventional quenching and tempering (W-N2QT) are indistinct. The width of martensite lath in WM of W-N2QT is narrower than that of specimens subjected to other PWHT procedures. Experimental results indicate that the ductility and toughness of conventional quenched and tempered joints are very low compared with the BM specimens treated by conventional QT. However, the strength and impact toughness of the W-N2QT specimens are superior to those of the BM specimen treated by conventional QT, and the ductility is only slightly inferior to that of the latter.