T700碳纤维复合材料层合板面内剪切过程的声发射特性

为了研究碳纤维复合材料层合板面内剪切的破坏原理,对其损伤过程进行了声发射检测和有限元模拟。结果表明:碳纤维复合材料层合板面内剪切损伤形式和损伤演化过程与声发射特征参数(幅值、能量、撞击计数)具有相关性,损伤过程包括初始阶段、损伤累积阶段和断裂破坏阶段;在初始阶段和损伤累积阶段,损伤呈渐进式增长,试件具有一定的承载能力,在断裂破坏阶段,承载能力随大面积分层以及纤维断裂发生骤降。     

防喷器材料在拉伸过程中的声发射信号特性

用声发射技术研究防喷器材料ZG25CrNiMo裂纹试件的拉伸损伤与断裂行为。声发射仪器记录了ZG25CrNiMo裂纹试件在拉伸破坏过程中的声发射信号,运用声发射参数分析方法和波形分析方法对zG25crNiMo裂纹缺陷试件的声发射数据进行分析,得出材料在拉伸过程中的损伤类型以及各阶段所呈现的特性。试验结果表明,拉伸过程中破坏机制对声发射信号的特征具有显著影响,不同损伤阶段的信号频谱特征存在差异。     

风力机叶片主梁材料缺陷演化研究

本文以含分层缺陷的风力机叶片主梁复合材料为研究对象,采用单轴拉伸测试实验和声发射技术对分层缺陷演化进行研究。通过对分层缺陷复合材料在单轴拉伸过程中产生的声发射信号进行小波包分解,并对分解后的各层频谱和能量分布进行分析。研究结果表明:采用小波包时频、小波包能量谱联合分析,能够有效识别加载过程中的缺陷演化状态对应的声发射信号特征。得出了不同损伤模式即纤维断裂、基体开裂和层间断裂的频率分布范围。为分析主梁材料破损全过程的力学及声发射特性提供了一条新思路。     

复合材料拉伸过程的声发射特性研究

为了研究16MnR／0Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料断裂过程的声发射特性,可以利用声发射技术对16MnR／OCr18Ni9Ti复合材料试件的拉伸过程进行全程监测。研究表明,材料拉伸断裂过程中,声发射信号丰富明显,可测性良好,并且不同破坏阶段的声发射信号具有不同的特征。通过对不同拉伸阶段声发射信号的参数分析,可以了解材料不同变形阶段的声发射特性,并据此来分析材料损伤的发生、发展及演变过程。与传统的力学试验方法相比,声发射技术在研究复合材料断裂过程方面具有明显的优势。     

基于声发射检测的碳布／环氧树脂复合材料压缩损伤评价

用声发射仪器监测二维编织碳布／环氧树脂复合材料的压缩损伤过程。通过载荷与声发射特征关系图,判断出其在损伤过程中的临界失效载荷,作为判断材料临界损伤强度的依据。通过对碳布／环氧树脂复合材料在压缩损伤过程中产生的声发射信号进行小波包分解,并对信号进行频谱分析以及对小波包分解后的各层进行能量分析,得出了声发射源即纤维断裂信号、基体断裂信号和层间开裂信号的频率分布范围。     

飞机复合材料拉伸过程损伤的声发射特性分析

利用声发射技术开展对拉伸载荷下飞机复合材料T型结构件的损伤发生过程研究,对复合材料试件拉伸载荷下损伤产生过程的机理进行了初步探讨。采用参数分析方法对拉伸试验采集到的声发射信号进行分析,得到该T型结构件拉伸过程中基体开裂、分层、纤维断裂至完全丧失承载能力时的声发射信号特征及其对应的载荷。结果表明,声发射技术能够准确预测复合材料T型结构件拉伸载荷下的损伤发生过程,可为该类结构件的检测提供参考。     

玻璃钢材料损伤的声发射特性

对纤维铺设方向为0°,90°,±45°的玻璃钢试件进行拉伸和弯曲过程中的声发射在线监测试验。结果表明:纤维铺层角度是决定玻璃钢力学特性和损伤规律的主要因素,拉伸、弯曲力与幅度灰色关联度均可达0.861以上,可依据信号的幅值等参数判断试件的不同损伤阶段;试件损伤产生的4种典型声发射信号在波形及频谱上存在明显差别。     

起重机箱形梁结构表面裂纹扩展的声发射特性

采用声发射技术监测带有表面焊接裂纹的箱形梁结构的三点弯曲试验。分析了箱形梁试件受载弯曲过程中裂纹扩展的声发射信号特征,比较了加载过程中不同载荷水平下定位源信号的声发射参数特征。研究发现,表面裂纹扩展的声发射信号为突发型信号,其幅度主要为45～60dB,频率主要分布在100～450kHz。试验结果表明,线定位方法可以对箱形梁试件中的裂纹缺陷进行准确定位。     

蜂窝夹层复合材料的压缩损伤声发射特征

应用声发射技术对蜂窝夹层复合材料压缩损伤过程进行了试验研究。分析载荷与声发射信号关联图,依据其损伤过程和声发射特征,发现随着加载条件下载荷的增加,复合材料的损伤逐步增大。在加载初始阶段,仅有少量声发射信号,各种表征信号量小幅度增加;在加载中期,声发射信号增多,各种表征信号量不断增大;在加载后期,声发射信号有明显突增,各种表征信号量急剧增加。复合材料压缩损伤破坏与声发射的幅值、能量、撞击、上升时间、持续时间和计数等参量特征相关。根据各阶段特征参量滤波后所得信号分布与实际断裂位置相吻合。     

基于声发射技术的CFRP钢管混凝土受弯破坏过程

研究了CFRP钢管混凝土在弯曲荷载作用下的破坏过程及声发射变化规律。结果显示,整个破坏过程可分为弹性段、弹塑性段、下降段和软化段四个阶段,而声发射参数变化及波形特征与试件破坏过程表现出较好的对应关系。证明了利用声发射技术能有效地监测CFRP钢管混凝土弯曲过程损伤程度和破坏历程。     

Monitoring Damage Evolution in a Titanium Matrix Composite Shaft Under Torsion Loading Using Acoustic Emission

The damage behaviors of a titanium matrix composite shaft under torsion loading were monitored using the acoustic emission technique. The composite shaft with SiC fibers at ± 45° orientations was prepared by the solid-state fabrication process. Both the torsional rigidity and torsional strength of the TMC shaft were improved by SiC fibers. The acoustic emission responses during the loading–unloading–reloading, under quasi-static and cyclic torsion tests were investigated. Multiple acoustic emission signals were grouped as mechanical noise, matrix deformation, interface debonding and fiber fracture using amplitude, waveform shape and frequency centroid parameters. A substantial reduction of signals generated by matrix deformation was found in the reloading test. During the quasi-static torsion test, interface debonding and progressive breaks of SiC fibers occurred. According to different acoustic emission behaviors, the failure process in the torsion fatigue test can be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the fiber fracture stage and the fast fracture stage.     

基于声发射传感器阵列的风机叶片结构健康监测方法

风机叶片结构健康监测是一个迫切需要解决的问题。通过分析各种风力机叶片的损伤检测方法,结合声发射技术特点,研究了基于声发射传感器阵列的风机叶片结构健康监测方法。其中,PZT压电陶瓷传感器阵列布设于受损率较高的叶片部位,对叶片按20%最大设计载荷的增量施加载荷,结合Kaiser效应和Felicity效应,分析采集到的声发射信号,统计声发射波击数,从而判断损伤发生的区域。该方法相比于其他检测技术具有灵敏度高、定位准确和实时性好的特点,在风机叶片结构健康监测研究领域具有较大的意义。     

声发射方法测定SiCw／Al复合材料的界面强度

对ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料形变断裂过程中的声发射（ＡＥ）特征的研究表明，用ＡＥ技术能准确测定ＳｉＣ纤维的断裂次数，并能测定其断枝长度，从而测定了纤维和基体间的界面强度和ＳｉＣ纤维的断裂强度。     

飞机蜂窝复合材料板压缩过程的声发射定位研究

声发射检测的主要目的是发现声发射源和有关源的信息,声发射源定位是声发射检测中至关重要的指标,其准确程度反映了声源的检测位置与实际缺陷源位置的符合程度。本研究针对复合材料的特性,结合实际情况进行了声速和衰减测量实验,并通过断铅实验对复合板进行声发射定位。通过对复合材料板压缩实验的在线监测,基于声发射信号参数的提取及关联图分析,给出了各损伤阶段的参数特征,以及声发射监测区域内的裂纹萌生扩展断裂的时间和位置。研究结果表明,复合板实际断裂位置与声发射监测得出的位置相吻合。     

制孔分层损伤对CF/PEEK复合材料拉伸性能和表面应变分布的影响

目的 研究钻削制孔表面分层损伤与拉伸载荷下开孔碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮（CF/PEEK）复合材料表面应变分布的相关性。方法 通过对CF/PEEK复合材料层合板进行钻削制孔实验,分析不同进给速度对钻削温度、钻削轴向力、制孔出口表面分层和孔壁表面损伤的影响。采用数字图像相关技术（DIC）和力学实验相结合的方法,研究分层损伤程度对开孔CF/PEEK复合材料层合板拉伸性能和表面应变分布的影响。使用扫描电镜观测开孔试件的断裂形貌,分析开孔试件受拉伸载荷时的破坏模式。结果 随着进给速度的增加,钻削温度降低,钻削轴向力提高,出口表面分层和孔壁损伤程度加剧。随着分层损伤程度的增加,层合板的拉伸强度呈现出降低的趋势,试件的拉伸强度从558.4 MPa降低到525.63 MPa,降低了5.87%。在中应力和高应力状态下,试件x方向的最大负应变随着分层损伤程度的增加而增加。在高应力状态下,试件y方向的最大正应变随着分层损伤程度的增加而增加。试件的断裂方式主要是基体开裂、分层和纤维撕裂,断口有纤维脱落和纤维拔出,垂直于载荷方向的纤维破坏模式为剥离破坏,与载荷方向一致的纤维破坏模式为拉伸破坏。结论 钻削制孔表面分层损...     

叶片质量不平衡对基础环式风机基础服役性能影响研究

风力发电机叶片长期暴露于恶劣的高空环境，极易产生质量不平衡故障，对风力机的稳定可靠运行影响极大。传统的叶片质量不平衡研究主要集中于对风力发电机组功率和塔筒的分析。基础环式基础广泛应用于风力发电机，在循环荷载作用下易发生损伤破坏。因此，基于叶素动量等理论建立考虑叶片质量不平衡故障的基础环式风机基础服役性能评估模型，模型利用解析方法计算质量失衡叶片对基础造成的附加荷载，结合平衡条件和连续性条件，选用大型有限元软件ABAQUS模拟分析叶片质量不平衡故障对风力机基础应力、疲劳寿命以及侧壁混凝土裂缝发展规律的影响。结果发现：质量失衡叶片在水平方向对风力机基础疲劳寿命的影响最大，叶片质量失衡故障会加快基础混凝土损伤过程，增加基础环的水平度，进而降低风力机基础整体服役的可靠性。此外，建议风力机发生较小叶片质量失衡损伤时通过降低转速维持风力机运行，并定期监测叶片质量失衡比。     

Comparison of Acoustic Emission Characteristics for C/SiC Composite Component Under Combination of Heating and Mechanical Loading

The acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of C/SiC composite component under various conditions were compared, with the purpose of identifying the possible damage and failure mechanism. During the process of the single mechanical loading, the highest amplitude of the AE signal was less than 85 dB and the main damage forms of matrix cracking and interface debonding were involved. For the heating process, high-energy AE signals with an amplitude more than 85 dB were detected and fiber fracture mechanism was determined as well due to the thermal stress caused by the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between the reinforced fiber and matrix. During the combination process of the heating and mechanical loading, it was concluded that the degree of damage was much severer than the simple superposition of damage produced by the individual mechanical loading and the individual heating process.     

Application of a novel type Barkhausen noise sensor to continuous fatigue monitoring

A novel Barkhausen noise (BN) sensor with no need for external magnetization was tested and applied to continuous fatigue monitoring of mild steel and high strength steel specimens. This new type of sensor indicated an increase in the BN rms value under maximum tensile stress during one cycle in cyclic bending tests with increasing stress amplitude. The BN rms value under maximum compressive stress stayed, however, approximately constant. The reason for this behaviour was the stress-induced anisotropy of the BN. Bending fatigue experiments with constant stress amplitude and R=−1 were conducted at different stress levels. In addition to the BN also the acoustic emission of the specimen was measured. In the mild steel specimens the BN amplitude stayed constant after the initial saturation period, but just prior to the failure of the specimen the amplitude increased meaningfully. This increase occurred at the same time as the increase in the acoustic emission signal indicating the beginning of crack initiation and growth. In the high strength steel specimens the BN amplitude decreased after the initial saturation period. The increase of the BN signal started well before the failure of the specimen and even before the increase in the acoustic emission signal.     

Quantification of metallic coating failure on carbon fiber reinforced plastics using acoustic emission

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic substrates were subsequently coated with an electrochemically applied nickel and an electroplated copper layer. The coating-substrate system was loaded in four-point bending and the acoustic emission from coating failure was recorded during loading. The acoustic emission signals were analyzed using pattern recognition and frequency analysis techniques. This approach yields three distinguishable types of acoustic emission signals, which are correlated to three different failure mechanisms: i) nickel cracking ii) copper cracking and iii) delamination between the two coating layers. To confirm the correlation between the types of acoustic emission signals and the respective failure mechanisms and to assess the validity of the acoustic emission method to describe mechanical failure, the micro-mechanical fracture energies released during mechanical loading were calculated based on microscopic measurements of the crack progress utilizing scanning electron microscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy. These energies were compared to the associated acoustic emission signals energy for each failure mechanism. We found the calculated micro-mechanical energy values to be proportional to the measured accumulated acoustic emission energy of the associated acoustic emission signal type. We conclude that the reported failure classification method offers the possibility to compare fracture toughness values in multilayered coatings with multiple failure types, derived solely from acoustic emission energies.