气调包装对软枣猕猴桃品质的影响

目的 研究自发气调处理对采后软枣猕猴桃果实品质的影响。方法 将软枣猕猴桃置于塑料气调箱内,气调处理组果实放入气调箱封盖处理,对照组进行不封盖处理,于4 ℃下贮藏64 d,每16 d对软枣猕猴桃呼吸代谢及抗性相关指标进行测定,即气调箱内CO2和O2含量,可溶性固形物（TSS）、丙二醛（MDA）、总酚含量,及抗氧化相关酶活性等指标。结果 自发气调处理能够使CO2和O2含量维持在适宜的贮藏范围内,从而保持较高的TSS和总酚含量,抑制MDA含量及多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性,增强过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性。结论 贮藏48~64 d,自发气调处理软枣猕猴桃的最适宜气体环境为体积分数3%左右的CO2和体积分数16%左右的O2,保持了软枣猕猴桃较好品质的机制,通过诱导果实的苯丙烷及抗氧化代谢实现。     

1-MCP熏蒸处理对软枣猕猴桃的保鲜效果

目的 探究1-MCP熏蒸处理对软枣猕猴桃品质及抗氧化特性的影响。方法 实验使用0.8 μL/L的1-MCP熏蒸处理软枣猕猴桃24 h,测定果实贮藏期间的颜色、总酚含量、类黄酮含量、MDA含量、相对电导率及抗氧化能力等多项指标。结果 采用0.8 μL/L的1-MCP进行熏蒸处理能显著抑制软枣猕猴桃颜色饱和度和叶绿素含量的下降,维持总酚和类黄酮含量,延缓软枣猕猴桃果实的PPO活性、相对电导率和MDA含量的上升,保持较高的ABTS自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力。结论 采用0.8 μL/L的1-MCP进行熏蒸处理可以有效保持软枣猕猴桃的营养价值,增强抗氧化能力,减缓果实衰老,延长其货架期。     

1-MCP结合开孔包装对软枣猕猴桃果实软化的研究

目的 采后1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理缓解软枣猕猴桃开孔包装贮藏失水引起的果实软化问题。方法 以“龙城二号”软枣猕猴桃为材料,0.5 μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)熏蒸结合开孔包装进行贮藏,探究贮藏期间1-MCP结合开孔包装对软枣猕猴桃果实软化的影响。结果 1-MCP处理结合开孔包装与对照相比更有利于保持果实外观,明显抑制了果实中维生素C和总酚的降解;此外,1-MCP处理还延缓了果实硬度的下降,可能是由于抑制了细胞壁降解酶多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和纤维素酶(CX)的活性,从而推迟了原果胶和纤维素含量的降低,因此延缓了可溶性果胶含量的升高,与对照组相比,货架期延长了4 d。结论 1-MCP结合开孔包装贮藏可以保持果实的感观品质,使细胞壁降解进程受到抑制,进而推迟了软枣猕猴桃开孔包装贮藏中轻度失水导致的软化进程,达到了改善果实软化的目的。     

不同浓度1-MCP熏蒸处理对“龙成2号”软枣猕猴桃品质的影响

目的 探究不同浓度1-MCP处理对软枣猕猴桃果实采后生理品质的影响。方法 分别使用0.5、1.0、1.5μL/L 1-MCP熏蒸处理“龙成二号”软枣猕猴桃24 h，以不做任何处理为对照组，测定果实贮藏期间的外观、质量损失率、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、硬度、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、口感、风味、相对电导率及丙二醛（MDA）含量等。结果 不同浓度1-MCP处理均可较好地保持果实的外观和风味，降低软枣猕猴桃的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量，抑制果实质量损失率和TSS含量的上升，延缓软枣猕猴桃硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降，及相对电导率和MDA含量的上升，从而延长果实的贮藏期，维持软枣猕猴桃采后的商品性。其中，以1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理的效果最佳。结论 不同浓度1-MCP熏蒸处理可以有效保持软枣猕猴桃的品质，减少膜损伤，延缓果实衰老，延长货架期。     

轻度失水对软枣猕猴桃机械伤和品质的影响

目的 探究轻度失水对软枣猕猴桃果实机械伤和品质的影响。方法 以软枣猕猴桃为材料,通过比较失水对运输模拟振动后果实机械伤的影响,以不失水模拟运输振动为对照,测定了处理后软枣猕猴桃果实贮藏过程中感官品质、营养品质、膜脂过氧化和活性氧代谢的变化情况。结果 与对照组相比,4%轻度失水处理有利于保持果实感官品质,使其腐烂率降低了10%、总酚含量提高了18.2%,抑制了其组织内丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率的升高,保持贮藏过程中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性。结论 4%轻度失水可能是通过降低了果实硬度从而降低腐烂率,保持较高活性氧清除能力,抑制成熟进程,从而利于缓解软枣猕猴桃果实采后运输机械伤发生,保持果实品质。     

密闭系统下鲜切猕猴桃呼吸代谢特性研究

目的 探究鲜切猕猴桃的呼吸代谢特性,为气调包装的设计和鲜切猕猴桃货架期的预测提供参考.方法 以"海沃德"猕猴桃为实验材料,采用密闭系统法,对鲜切猕猴桃贮藏过程中密闭系统的气体体积、乙醇含量和相关品质指标进行测定.结果 随着贮藏时间的增加,密封系统内部逐渐进入低氧状态;对鲜切猕猴桃的呼吸速率进行拟合,其拟合度较高;基于Michaelis-Menten方程建立了鲜切猕猴桃的酶动力学呼吸模型,该方程的决定系数在0.9以上,最大呼吸速率为6.36 mL/(kg?h)(O2消耗速率)和6.53 mL/(kg?h)(CO2生成速率);果实的乙醇含量在贮藏144 h后骤然上升,这可能是鲜切水果在密闭包装条件下的发酵阈值点.结论 鲜切猕猴桃的呼吸代谢过程符合一级动力学特性,米氏模型的拟合度较高.鲜切猕猴桃在贮藏144 h后进入无氧呼吸状态,此研究可为气调包装的设计和鲜切猕猴桃货架期的预测提供参考.     

山梨酸钾包装对猕猴桃贮藏品质的影响

目的研究山梨酸钾包装对猕猴桃常温条件下贮藏品质的改善作用。方法以猕猴桃为研究对象,采用山梨酸钾薄膜包装、普通薄膜包装、山梨酸钾浸泡的处理方式进行常温贮藏,以未作任何处理的猕猴桃作为空白对照。在贮藏期间,每隔3 d测定猕猴桃中纤维素含量、果胶含量、总酚含量、纤维素酶活性和果胶酶活性等细胞壁代谢指标,以及可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、淀粉酶活性等品质指标。结果在贮藏12 d后,山梨酸钾包装的猕猴桃总酚含量分别比普通薄膜包装、山梨酸钾浸泡处理和空白组高10.8%,16.4%,30.1%;在贮藏期间,山梨酸钾包装的猕猴桃其纤维素酶、果胶酶和淀粉酶的最高活性(以蛋白质计)分别为6125 U/g,3634 U/mg,1756 U/mg,显著低于山梨酸钾浸泡组、普通包装组和空白组;3种处理方式的猕猴桃中可滴定酸含量无显著性差异。结论山梨酸钾包装对贮藏期猕猴桃品质劣变的抑制作用优于山梨酸钾浸泡和普通薄膜包装,能够抑制贮藏期间细胞壁代谢相关酶活性的上升,减缓了猕猴桃果实的腐烂进程。     

1–MCP结合乙烯吸收剂对软枣猕猴桃贮藏品质的影响

目的 研究1–甲基环丙烯(1–MCP)和乙烯吸收剂(EA)对软枣猕猴桃的保鲜效果。方法 以“龙成二号”软枣猕猴桃为实验试材,采用EA、1–MCP、1–MCP+EA处理果实。在低温(–0.8～–0.2 ℃)条件下贮藏,研究软枣猕猴桃在贮藏60 d内营养品质、硬度、叶绿素、生理指标、总酚及过氧化物酶(POD)的变化情况。结果 相较CK组,处理组均有利于维持果实贮藏品质,其中1–MCP+EA组保鲜效果最优,可延缓可溶性固形物(TSS)的升高,抑制可滴定酸(TA)、可溶性蛋白、硬度、叶绿素的下降,在60 d时VC质量分数为548.55 µg/g,并且降低呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率高峰,贮藏结束时总酚质量分数提高至47.9 µg/g,保持POD活性。通过SPSS分析,综合得分从大到小为1–MCP+EA组、1–MCP组、EA组、CK组,说明1–MCP和EA结合使用效果优于单一处理。结论 1–MCP结合EA处理可抑制果实生理活性,利于维持贮藏期品质,保持较好的质地和色泽,保鲜效果最好。     

低温下不同自发气调袋对百香果贮藏品质的影响

目的 探索不同自发气调袋在低温下对百香果的贮藏效果.方法 将"台农1号"百香果作为实验材料,使用不同自发气调袋对其进行包装处理,贮藏于(8±0.3)℃的环境内30 d,每5 d进行1次生理和营养指标的测定,研究贮藏期间各自发气调袋内百香果的品质变化,以期探寻"台农1号"百香果的最佳贮藏包装条件.结果 随着贮藏时间的延长,PE袋内的CO2浓度逐渐升高,O2浓度逐渐下降,相较于微孔袋,PE袋推迟了贮藏期间果实的呼吸高峰,延缓了可溶性固形物、维生素C、总黄酮和多酚含量的下降,维持了较高的果皮硬度;而不同厚度的PE袋之间,果实品质也不同,贮藏到30 d时,PE30果皮硬度(16.17 g)、可溶性固定物(15.29％)、维生素C(1.71 mg/kg)、总黄酮(2.14 mg/kg)含量均最高.结论 "台农1号"百香果在低温下采用PE30自发气调袋进行包装,其贮藏效果最佳.     

温度对采后“国峰7号”李果实贮藏品质的影响

目的 确定适宜李果实的最佳贮藏温度,明确不同低温贮藏对李果实生理特性和品质的影响。方法 以“国峰7号”李果实为试材,通过对不同贮藏温度(?2±0.5)、(?1±0.5)、(0±0.5)、(1±0.5)、(2±0.5)℃下果实品质和生理特性进行研究。结果 在(0±0.5)℃下贮藏可显著抑制“国峰7号”李果实的硬度、可滴定酸(Titrable Acid,TA)、总酚及类黄酮含量的下降,维持果皮色泽,抑制呼吸强度及减小乙烯释放高峰的峰值,并能将果实可溶性固形物(Soluble Solid Content,SSC)含量维持在较高的水平。同时能延缓“国峰7号”李果实花青素、相对膜透性、超氧阴离子(O^2?)及过氧化氢(H2O2)含量升高的时间,延缓李果实采后的成熟与衰老进程。此外,该温度能够推迟多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)以及超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性高峰的出现,以提升其抗氧化能力,控制采后贮藏期间果品品质的降低。结论 在贮藏温度(0±0.5)℃内能够有效延长李果实贮藏保鲜期并维持果实品质。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.