AZ91D镁合金表面真空扩散渗铝层结构及性能研究

采用真空固态扩散渗铝的方法,在420℃对AZ91D镁合金进行表面合金化改性处理.对渗铝层的组织结构、耐腐蚀性能、显微硬度等进行了研究,测量了该合金扩散渗铝前后试样的电化学腐蚀极化曲线.结果表明,真空固态扩散在AZ91D镁合金表面获得了均匀致密的渗铝层,渗铝层由表及里依次由Al3Mg2最外层,β-Mg17Al12次外层,以及以β-Mg17Al12为主的β-Mg17Al12+α-Mg两相组织内层构成,该渗铝层明显改善了AZ91D镁合金在质量分数5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,并提高了材料的表面显微硬度(1600～1800 MPa).     

不同铝添加量对镁合金显微组织及大气腐蚀行为的影响

利用SEM、EDAX、XRD等技术分析3种不同Al添加量的镁合金的显微组织和相结构，经实验室模拟金属大气腐蚀实验后观察其腐蚀形貌。结果表明，随着Al含量的增加，Mg-Al合金中β相（Mg17Al12）的数量明显增加；不存在β相的镁合金表面腐蚀产物较少，基体腐蚀较浅，存在β相的镁合金表面腐蚀产物较多，基体出现较深的腐蚀坑；β相的数量与分布的不同是镁合金腐蚀形貌存在差异的主要原因。     

镁合金表面改性技术研究现状及进展

镁合金有高的比强度，使其成为汽车、航空等工业今后减重的选用材料；它有良好的抗电磁信号干扰、吸震（阻尼）性能和环境友好性等，使其在电子工业领域应用潜力巨大。但镁合金缺乏自医的、自然钝化的表面膜，使其在使用过程中易腐蚀，尤其在潮湿空气、海水、各种有机酸及其盐、无机酸等环境中其耐蚀性差。目前，在镁合金表面改性方面采用的方法不外乎表面涂层技术，以保护镁合金基体不与外部环境接触。本文结合作者在镁合金表面扩渗合金化方面所做的研究工作以及金属镀层、阳极氧化法和高能束技术处理等在镁合金表面改性方面的应用研究现状，对镁合金表面改性技术作综合评述。     

工程测量仪器的激光表面处理研究

以工程测量仪器用AZ91D镁合金为研究对象,采用低熔点Al-Si共晶合金粉末在合金表面进行了激光表面处理。结果表明,激光表面改性层主要由Mg_2Si、Al_(17)Mg_(12)和Al_3Mg_2相,以及α-Mg和Al固溶体组成;Al-Si合金化改性层的硬度分布均匀,且明显高于AZ91D母材;激光表面改性层的自腐蚀电位较AZ91D合金基材发生了正向移动,合金的耐腐蚀性能更优异。     

AZ91镁合金激光表面改性后的微观组织和耐腐蚀性能研究

以AZ91镁合金为对象,利用激光表面合金化方法对其进行表面改性,研究激光熔覆合金层的微观组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,激光合金化涂层的主要物相为Mg2Si、Al12Mg17、Al3Mg2金属间化合物以及α-Mg和Al固溶体。激光合金化改性后,涂层的显微硬度明显高于AZ91镁合金基体,耐腐蚀性能也大幅度提高。     

Mg67Zn28Ca5合金激光表面非晶化处理及其生物腐蚀性能研究

Mg-Zn-Ca合金因其较好的力学性能、良好的生物相容性和优异的可降解性，有望在人体骨组织植入材料得到推广应用，但由于镁合金耐生物腐蚀性能较差，限制了其临床的进一步应用。通过激光表面非晶化处理对共晶成分的Mg67Zn28Ca5合金进行了表面改性，研究了激光扫描速度对Mg67Zn28Ca5 合金表面非晶复合涂层的显微组织和相组成的影响；测试了合金表面改性前后在人工模拟体液中的生物腐蚀行为。研究结果表明，经激光表面非晶化处理后样品表面主要由大量的非晶和极少量的晶态物质组成。随着激光扫描速度的增大，合金表面形成的非晶相越多。晶相的形成主要是受到后续激光加工的热影响而产生热激活，部分非晶相发生了形核长大。与铸态镁合金相比，非晶复合涂层在人工模拟体液中的腐蚀电位正向偏移了0.16 V，腐蚀电流密度下降了约13倍。合金表面少量晶相的存在，使之成为表面腐蚀的活性通道，对合金表面的腐蚀性能产生轻微的影响。通过激光表面改性处理，可有效改善Mg67Zn28Ca5合金的耐生物腐蚀性能，在生物医用植入方面展现出良好的应用前景。     

电磁连铸对镁合金显微组织及腐蚀性能的影响

对电磁连铸生产的AZ31镁合金铸坯的晶体结构、金相组织和材料耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明，电磁连铸未改变镁合金铸坯相的组成，电磁连铸坯晶粒细小，树枝晶破碎，分布在块状α-Mg相周边的β-Mg17l12相均匀连续。质量分数为5％的NaCl盐雾腐蚀试验结果表明，电磁连铸生产的AZ31镁合金铸坯的腐蚀速率比普通连铸下同牌号铸坯下降29．4％，其主要原因是连续分布的网状β-Mg17Al12相有效阻碍了镁合金的腐蚀。     

汽车发动机用AZ91镁合金的表面等离子熔凝处理

采用等离子熔凝工艺对汽车发动机用AZ91镁合金进行了表面改性处理,分析了熔凝电流对熔凝改性层显微组织、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,等离子熔凝层的物相种类与AZ91镁合金基体一致,都为α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12相;熔凝层中的β-Mg17Al12相含量都要比AZ91镁合金基体中多,且随着熔凝电流的增大,熔凝层中的β-Mg17Al12相含量不断增加;电流为45、55和65A时熔凝层的磨损质量损失都要比AZ91镁合金基体低,且随着电流的增大,熔凝层的磨损质量损失逐渐降低;经过等离子熔凝改性后的合金的耐腐蚀性能得到提高,耐腐蚀性能从高至低依次为:65A熔凝层55A熔凝层45A熔凝层AZ91镁合金基体,腐蚀形貌的观察结果与动电位极化曲线的观察结果一致。     

镁合金表面锌合金化层组织及性能研究

采用消失模铸造方法在镁合金表面制备了一层锌合金化层,并对合金化层进行了光学显微分析、扫描电镜分析、能谱分析、X射线衍射及腐蚀性能分析.研究结果表明:当充型到合金化涂料层表面的镁合金液体温度较低时,镁合金表面锌合金化层才能形成;合金化层的组成物相为Mg17Al12、Al5Mg11Zn4、Zn、Mg;合金化过程中锌一方面可以参与合金化反应形成蜂窝状物质Al5Mg11Zn4,另一方面可以诱导镁合金表面形成Mg17Al12和α-Mg组成的共晶组织;经合金化后的镁合金自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流下降,耐蚀性能上升.     

合金化对镁电化学腐蚀速率影响的研究进展

基于金属镁电化学腐蚀的一般特征,从电化学角度综述了合金化导致的微观结构变化对镁合金腐蚀速率影响的研究进展,包括合金元素、第二相、晶粒尺寸以及晶体缺陷在镁合金的电化学腐蚀中发挥的作用以及对腐蚀速率产生的影响;对利用多组元合金化、微合金化以及微观组织的调控等方法实现镁合金腐蚀性能改善的前景进行了分析;展望了今后基于合金化影响的镁合金电化学腐蚀的研究方向和重点。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.