AlNp/Cu复合材料的热学性能

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了不同体积分数的AlNp／Cu系列复合材料，研究了复合材料从50-550℃的热膨胀行为，对不同体积分数的AlNp／Cu复合材料发生热变形的温度范围进行了分析计算，测定了AlNp／Cu复合材料塑性变形后的软化温度。结果表明：AlN的加入能够提高铜基体的软化温度且对铜基体的热膨胀起到明显的约束作用；在孔隙与热应力共同作用下，AlN颗粒含量达到一定程度时，AlNp／Cu复合材料膨胀曲线随温度的上升将产生非线性变化；加热过程中热应力造成的基体塑性变形使热循环后复合材料存在残余正应变。     

SiC_p/2024Al复合材料高应变率热变形行为的新本构模型

通过分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)动态压缩试验研究了体积分数为45%的铝基碳化硅颗粒增强复合材料(SiC_p/2024Al)在大应变率和变形温度范围内的热变形行为,分析了热变形参数(变形温度和应变率)对流动应力的影响。研究发现:变形温度和应变率对复合材料的流变应力、抗压强度、弹性模量、应变率敏感性有显著影响;抗压强度、弹性模量随变形温度的增大而减小,而抗压强度、弹性模量、应变率敏感性随应变率的增大出现了拐点。根据试验结果,结合热力学和统计损伤力学理论,建立了描述SiC_p/2024Al复合材料动态热变形行为的连续损伤本构模型,预测的流动应力与试验结果吻合较好,表明所建立的模型能够准确地描述SiC_p/2024Al复合材料动态热变形行为。     

SiCp/2024Al复合材料高应变率热变形行为的新本构模型#br#

通过分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)动态压缩试验研究了体积分数为45%的铝基碳化硅颗粒增强复合材料（SiCp/2024Al）在大应变率和变形温度范围内的热变形行为,分析了热变形参数（变形温度和应变率）对流动应力的影响。研究发现：变形温度和应变率对复合材料的流变应力、抗压强度、弹性模量、应变率敏感性有显著影响;抗压强度、弹性模量随变形温度的增大而减小,而抗压强度、弹性模量、应变率敏感性随应变率的增大出现了拐点。根据试验结果,结合热力学和统计损伤力学理论,建立了描述SiCp/2024Al复合材料动态热变形行为的连续损伤本构模型,预测的流动应力与试验结果吻合较好,表明所建立的模型能够准确地描述SiCp/2024Al复合材料动态热变形行为。     

低碳钢临界奥氏体区的变形行为

在Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机上对Q235钢进行了单向压缩试验，研究了不同温度下低碳钢的变形特征以及形变诱导铁素体的演变行为和在保温过程中的变化。结果表明：降低变形温度有利于低碳钢的组织细化，但变形温度低于Ar3时，得到混晶组织，并使珠光体成务状分布；随着变形的进行，形变诱导铁素体首先在晶界形核，然后在相界上反复形核；铁素体数量随着应变量的增加而增加，但存在一个极限值；应变量较高时，将会发生铁素体的动态回复和再结晶；形变诱导铁素体在变形后的保温过程中发生了逆相变并伴随着铁素体晶粒的粗化。     

SiCp/Al复合材料锻造工艺三维有限元模拟

运用有限元软件Abaqus对Si Cp/Al复合材料的锻造过程进行三维热力耦合模拟,分析了不同变形温度下,Si Cp/Al复合材料锻造过程的应力应变场、温度场、损伤场的演变规律,强调了锻造过程中鼓形区裂纹的出现。研究结果表明,变形温度对应力场、损伤场有显著影响,当变形温度为300℃和400℃时,锻件鼓形区不出现裂纹,温度增加到500℃时,鼓形区出现裂纹。     

新型高强轴承钢的热压缩变形行为与热加工图

以自行开发的贝氏体轴承钢为研究对象，采用热模拟试验机在变形温度900～1 200℃、应变速率0.01～5 s^-1条件下进行单道次热压缩试验，研究了该钢的热压缩变形行为，基于真应力、真应变数据，建立热变形本构方程，并绘制热加工图。结果表明：当变形温度不低于1 000℃、应变速率低于0.1 s^-1时，试验钢在热压缩过程中的动态再结晶较明显。在相同应变速率下，变形温度越高，峰值应力越小，到达峰值应力的真应变也越小；在相同变形温度下，应变速率越大，峰值应力越大，达到峰值应力的真应变也越大。试验钢的变形激活能为479.119 kJ·mol^-1,明显大于传统GCr15马氏体轴承钢，说明在相同变形温度下试验钢更难以变形。试验钢适宜的热加工区间为变形温度900～1 100℃、应变速率1.4～2 s^-1。     

冷镦钢ML40Cr盘条的热变形抗力

采用Gleeble-3800型热模拟试验机和单道次压缩试验对ML40Cr冷镦钢金属塑性变形抗力进行了研究。结果表明：在一定的变形程度下，塑性变形的ML40Cr冷镦钢仍存在强化，变形抗力随变形程度的增加而增加，在低应变速率下，温度大于1000℃时发生动态再结晶；变形抗力随着变形速率的增加而增大；多数情况下，变形温度增高，变形抗力降低，只有在两相区低应变速率下出现相反的情况。同时建立了ML40Cr冷镦钢变形抗力数学模型，为冷镦钢低温轧制计算轧制力提供了理论依据。     

不同温度下TiB_2/2024Al复合材料的高应变速率剪切行为

采用改进的分离式Hopkinson拉杆试验装置和新设计的帽形剪切试样,研究了混合盐法制备的TiB_2/2024Al复合材料在不同温度(25,150,300,450℃)下的高应变速率(动态)剪切行为,并观察了复合材料的剪切断口形貌。结果表明:不同温度下,复合材料的动态名义剪切应力-剪切应变曲线相似,变形初期剪切应力随剪切应变的增大而增大,当剪切应变超过一定值时,曲线呈稳态流变特征;随着温度的升高,复合材料的剪切强度降低而断裂应变增大;复合材料剪切断口主要呈金属撕裂棱和韧窝形貌,局部有熔铝带存在,部分TiB_2颗粒上出现裂纹,随着温度的升高,断口中孔洞的数量增加,尺寸增大。     

TA15合金热变形行为研究

用Gleeble-1500型热模拟试验机对TA15合金进行了变形温度为650～1000℃、应变速率为0．001～1s^-1的热压缩试验，研究了工艺参数对流变应力及组织的影响，计算了应力速率敏感指数m及变形激活能Q，建立了本构方程。结果表明：流变应力随变形温度升高而降低，随应变速率提高而增大；应力速率敏感指数m随变形温度的升高而增大。650～850℃时变形激活能为386．32kJ／mol，850～1000℃时为479．365kJ／mol，预示在不同的温度区间具有不同的变形机制。     

Cu-15Ni-8Sn(Zr)合金的高温压缩变形流动应力研究

在温度765～915℃、应变速率0．0011～0．33s^-1的试验条件下，测定了两种热处理状态的Cu-15Ni-8Sn(Zr)合金的高温压缩变形流动应力，并进行了分析。结果表明，应变速率和变形温度影响合金流动应力，流动应力随变形温度升高而降低，随应变速率提高而增大。在相同变形条件和变形程度下，固溶处理的试样要比未固溶处理试样的流动应力小。其它条件不变时，变形温度越高，或者应变速率越低，材料越容易发生动态回复和动态再结晶。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.