磁悬浮列车轨道梁加工方法

提出基于CAD模型和机床测量复合轨道梁的姿态匹配定位计算方法 ,利用最小二乘法计算转换矩阵 ,实现非定位加工 ,在工程应用取得良好效果 ,尤其是在上海磁悬浮列车轨道梁加工中达到了预期效果 ,保证工程的顺利进行     

基于在线最小二乘支持向量机的数控机床热误差建模与补偿

为消除数控机床热误差对加工精度的影响,提出了基于在线最小二乘支持向量机的数控机床热误差建模方法。为构建机床热误差模型,进行了建模实验,采用智能温度传感器与激光位移传感器分别测量机床温度值与主轴热变形量。将获得的数据进行在线最小二乘支持向量机建模训练,构建机床热误差模型。在根据模型得出误差预测值的同时,可以不断根据在线输入的新数据修正热误差模型本身,运算时间短,适用于在线建模。实验结果表明,基于在线最小二乘支持向量机的数控机床热误差建模方法具有精度高、鲁棒性强和计算时间短的特点。在此基础上,根据在线模型进行热误差补差,可有效消除机床热误差影响,提高数控机床的加工精度。     

非圆截面在位测量

提出了采用最小二乘法测定椭圆截面椭圆度误差的新方法。并通过对椭圆截面在位测量后的数据进行最小二乘法拟合、误差分离、测量结果实时仿真及误差补偿等处理,说明对非圆截面进行在位测量和测量结果仿真是一种实现加工测量一体化的有效方法。     

上海磁悬浮专用数控机床在沈阳建成

上海磁悬浮快速列车轨道梁数控加工机床项目，近日在沈阳机床股份有限公司顺利完工，这表明我国完全有能力自主研发高精密度的复杂数控机床设备。     

动态测量数控机床的几何误差

数控机床的检测与修正是机床行业中的一个关键组成部分,每个国家都有相应的测量数控机床几何位置精度,特别是静态几何精度的标准。由于工件是在动态的过程中进行加工,数控机床的静态精度并不能完全代表其几何位置精度,对于某些精密加工和高速加工场合,必须对数控机床进行动态测量补偿,本文介绍了一种动态测量数控机床位置精度的系统,并给出了一些动态误差的实验结果。     

主轴热误差的数值建模分析

数控机床逐渐向高精度、高速度、精密化、智能化方向发展。机床的精度直接影响了工件的加工精度。以测量加工中心主轴系统的温度场和热误差数据为基础,采用五点法测量了加工中心主轴系统的温度场和热误差数据,用偏最小二乘回归方法建立了两者的多元线性回归模型,并对各个测温点的温度变化与主轴热误差之间的量化关系进行了定性研究。经研究分析,该模型具有较强的预测能力和较为理想的精度,可以满足加工中心热误差实时补偿的需要,也可作为机床设计和制造的参考依据。     

基于灰色理论预处理的神经网络机床热误差建模

为最大限度减少热误差对数控机床加工精度的影响,尝试结合灰色理论和人工神经网络各自对数据处理的优点,提出一种基于灰色理论预处理的神经网络机床热误差补偿模型.在一台处于实际加工状态的数控车床上进行试验,采用数字式温度传感器测量经过优化选取的对热误差有关键影响的机床构件和加工环境的温度数据,采用非接触式位移传感器获得机床加工热误差数据,在不断调整灰色模型数据序列长度及神经网络权值、阈值的基础上,最终建立热误差补偿模型.通过与传统灰色模型和神经网络进行对比分析及试验论证表明,该补偿模型具有对原始温度和热误差数据要求低、计算简便、预测精度高、鲁棒性强等优点,可用于各种复杂实际加工场合中的数控机床热误差实时补偿.     

在线测量技术在前端盖加工中的应用

在数控机床上对被加工工件进行在线自动测量是提高数控机床自动化加工水平和保证工件加工精度的有效方法,因此,数控机床工件在线自动测量系统是衡量数控机床技术水平的     

数控机床热误差的动态自适应加权最小二乘支持矢量机建模方法

为消除数控机床热误差对加工精度的影响,提出基于动态自适应加权最小二乘支持矢量机的数控机床热误差建模方法.为构建机床热误差模型,对一台XK713数控铣床进行建模试验,采用智能温度传感器与激光位移传感器分别获取机床温度值与主轴变形量.运用动态自适应算法,优化选择建模过程中的参数;对采样数据进行初始最小二乘支持矢量机建模,根据误差变量确定权重系数,得到基于加权最小二乘支持矢量机的数控铣床热误差模型.试验结果表明,基于动态自适应最小二乘支持矢量机的数控机床热误差建模方法精度高,泛化能力强,优于未加权最小二乘支持矢量机方法与传统最小二乘法.获得的模型可用于数控机床热误差补偿,以提高数控机床的加工精度.     

基于LabVIEW的数控机床形位误差精密测量系统

为了实现对数控机床形位误差精密测量,采用扭簧表及大理石平尺搭建导轨直线度测量装置,以HEIDENHAIN绝对式直线光栅尺为定位精度测量硬件,PC端通过数据采集卡获取测量信息,并基于LabVIEW开发虚拟仪器,实现了对数控机床导轨直线度、定位精度和重复定位精度项目的测量;提出了一种基于LabVIEW平台构建数控机床形位误差测量系统的新方案。在相同的检测参数下,对同一台数控机床进行检测,并与激光干涉仪测量的数据比对,激光干涉仪采用GB/T17421.2-2000统计分析方法,实验结果表明,本系统具备较高的测量分辨率和测量精度。     

Effect of tool tilt angle on machining strip width in five-axis flat-end milling of free-form surfaces

This paper examines the effect of tool tilt angle on machining strip width in the determination of optimal tool orientation and feed direction in five-axis flat-end milling. The machining strip width is evaluated using the swept profile of the flat-end mill, avoiding both local and global gouging of the tool. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the machining strip width over feasible gouge-free tool orientations for a constant-feed direction. By solving the optimization problem and analyzing the geometry of the machining strip width, it is shown that identifying the optimal tool tilt angle, instead of following the common practice of setting the tool tilt angle as zero, can significantly increase the machining strip width, especially for 3D free-form surface machining. The optimization has also been extended to identify the optimal feed direction that maximizes the machining strip width at a given cutter contact (CC) point. The minimum curvature direction has been considered as the optimal feed direction at a CC point by researchers. Our results indicate that although the minimum curvature direction is mostly not the optimal feed direction in free-form surface machining, the minimum curvature direction does represent a good approximation of the optimal feed direction at a CC point, in particular for a free-form surface with low-curvature relative to the tool size.     

Performance Analysis of Wire Electrodes on Machining Ti-6Al-4V Alloy using Electrical Discharge Machining Process

High-strength materials with complex shapes can be easily machined by electrical discharge machining process. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze the influence of wire electrode on Kerf width and workpiece surface roughness in wire EDM process. Due to its importance in the aircrafts and automobiles, Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been chosen as the workpiece material. The various experiments have been conducted based on a Taguchi L₉ orthogonal array with various types of wire electrodes, such as conventional brass wire, zinc-coated wire and diffused coated brass wire. From the experimental results, it has been observed that diffused coated wire produced better surface finish with minimum kerf width compared to the other two wire electrodes. It has also been observed that the pulse off-time has more influent nature on machining characteristics such as surface roughness and kerf width.     

微切削加工技术

在探讨切削技术发展动力的基础上给出了机械加工的尺度划分方法。通过综述微制造技术,介绍了微切削加工装备和微切削刀具,提出了利用应变梯度塑性理论进行微切削机理研究的设想,从分子动力学模拟仿真、最小切削厚度、切屑形态、微切削力、切削温度、工件材料的微量加工性、刀具变形、表面粗糙度与切削稳定性、毛刺、积屑瘤、刀具磨损等不同方面分析了微切削机理的研究现状和存在问题。最后介绍了微铣削CAD/CAM技术,并指出了微切削加工技术的发展趋势。     

基于BP＆MATLAB的平面加工CAPP的研究

基于人工神经网络中的BP网络建立了零件表面加工方案模型。把一系列推理规则转化为网络权值，并设计BP网络。然后利用MATLAB软件中的神经网络工具箱编程，对网络进行训练，从而得到了零件平面加工工艺顺序。     

基于NUM数控系统对空间复杂曲面的参数编程

介绍应用NUM数控系统的参数编程功能，对三维曲面的加工进行编程。通过分析程序中变量对加工精度的影响，提出了在满足加工精度的前提下，对程序变量的优化，与用CAM编程相比，优化后的宏程序大大简化。同时也给没有CAM编程软件的厂家提供了应用宏程序编程的实例。     

自由曲面微铣刀加工路径建模与仿真

为提高微小自由曲面数控加工精度与效率,对选择高效的自由曲面微铣刀加工路径进行了研究和讨论。在UG软件中,不同的加工模式对于自由曲面可得到不同的加工路径。首先,建立自由曲面模型并选定加工参数;然后,选用三种不同的加工方法,分别跟随周边、单向和往复,对三种加工路径进行铣削加工编程与仿真,分析了不同加工路径过切量与欠切量的结果,并对每种路径的加工时间进行了比较;最后,根据仿真及分析结果确定了具有较好加工精度和高效的加工路径。仿真结果表明,单向方式的加工路径可获得最小过切量,而往复加工路径可获得最小的欠切量。在加工时间方面,三种加工路径跟随周边、单向和往复的铣削时间分别为53s、115s和65s。通过对三种路径的分析与比较,选择高效的加工路径,帮助提高生产效率和加工精度。     

Evaluation of machining performance in cryogenic machining of Inconel 718 and comparison with dry and MQL machining

There has been significant work on establishing relationships between machining performance and the cutting parameters for various work materials. Recent trends in machining research show that major efforts are being made to understand the impact of various cooling/lubrication methods on machining performance and surface integrity characteristics, all aimed at improving process and product performance. This study presents the experimental results of cryogenic machining of Inconel 718, a high-temperature aerospace alloy, and comparison of its performance in dry and minimum quantity lubrication machining. Experimental data on force components, progressive tool wear parameters such as flank wear, notch wear, crater wear, cutting temperature, chip morphology, and surface roughness/topography of machined samples are presented. New findings show that cryogenic machining is a promising research direction for machining of high-temperature aerospace alloy, Inconel 718, as it offers improved machining performance in terms of reduced tool wear, temperature, and improved surface quality. It was also found that the number of nozzles in cryogenic machining plays a vital role in controlling cutting forces and power consumption in cryogenic machining of Inconel 718.     

Optimization of cryogenic milling parameters for aluminum honeycomb treated by ice fixation method

This paper presents the first comprehensive investigation that aluminum honeycomb has inevitable machining defect in milling process, such as deformation, burr, and collapse. Ice fixation method was used to clamp workpieces, and inner-injection liquid nitrogen was employed for a series of cryogenic milling machining. In the machining process, the main machining parameters including in honeycomb orientation, milling width, cutting depth, cutting speed, and feed were executed experimental research. Meanwhile, the machining parameter optimization, range, and significant analysis were adopted to analyze the influence of machining parameters on the machining surface quality, as well as the optimal parameter combination and milling machining surface quality were predicted and verified. The results show that the ice fixation aluminum honeycomb method with cryogenic milling is much advanced than that of conventional ones, and many machining defects are effectively restrained. At the same time, the influence of machining parameters on machining qualities in descending order is cutting depth, cutting speed, honeycomb orientation, feed, and milling width. The minimum roughness value (Ra?=?0.356 μm) of the predicted machining surface is similar to the actual machining result (Ra?=?0.362 μm). It verifies the feasibility of the optimization method. Furthermore, it is proved that the ice fixation + liquid nitrogen cooling method has a positive effect on the high milling quality and implement efficiency for aluminum honeycomb and other difficult-to-machine materials.     

基于VERICUT的数控加工技术应用研究

利用计算机和其他的专用硬件软件产生一种真实场景的仿真,参与者可以通过与仿真场景的交互来体验一种接近于真实场景的感觉。因此能培训操作者的实际工作技能。VERICUT软件就是一种能满足上述需求的数控加工仿真系统,通过与UG等软件相互配合,就可以设计出能与培训机构实际情况相适应的仿真场景,满足培训需要。