层状硅酸盐 /聚合物纳米复合材料的研究现状与前景

基于1996年以后的40余篇文献和作者的研究成果，综述了层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料在制备技术、新品种、新性能、相关理论及应用等方面的最新研究进展，并总结出了以下观点：（1）粘土的有机化是制备纳米复合材料的第一关键要素，单体、预聚体、聚合物熔体与有机土的相容性是制备纳米复合材料的必要条件，外界剪切力可提供帮助；（2）剥离型结构最能体现层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的性能优势，是层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方向；（3）聚合物熔体插层法为简单，是重要的发展方向，要形成剥离型结构，需要同时考虑热力学和动力学因素，基体或相容剂与层间环境的相容性要适中；（4）聚合物乳液共混共凝法有利于传统的制备方法，适合于具有乳液形成的聚合物；（5）在聚合物中原位生成硅酸盐片层的方法具有新意；（6）层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的主要特点是高刚性、高强度、高耐热性、高阻隔性、较好的阻燃性、质轻，目前，该的制备研究正向所有的聚合物品种扩展。汽车部件、包装材料将是层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料先应用的两大领域；（7）层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的理论研究进展延慢。界面区状态以及结构－性能间的关系是理论研究的两个主题。     

聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料应用研究进展

笔者论述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐插层纳米复合材料的结构和特点，综述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的应用研究进展，评述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法和表征手段，展望了这种纳米复合材料的发展方向。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料

目前,聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料是重要的工程材料之一。由于层状硅酸盐的特殊结构,聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的各项性能得到较大改善。聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米材料的制备、表征、结构与性能的研究取得了重要进展。本文简要概述了聚合物／层状硅酸盐的结构及其有机改性机理,研究表明,插层剂和离子交换容量是插层的重要因素。最后,讨论了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法和性能。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了蒙脱土的结构特点，聚合物／蒙脱土复合材料的帛备方法和分类，讨论了各种聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能特点和应用。聚合物／层状硅酸盐蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优异的性能，是目前材料学科研究的热点之一。     

累托石在聚合物纳米复合材料中的应用

介绍了一种用于聚合物纳米复合材料的新型层状硅酸盐材料——累托石粘土,从矿物的结构特点分析了它用于聚合物纳米复合材料的改性、插层、剥离的可行性及性能特点,还介绍了用累托石改性的尼龙6、聚丙烯、聚氨酯弹性体等纳米复合材料,其综合性能优于同类聚合物／蒙脱石纳米复合材料,     

聚合物／硅酸盐层状纳米复合材料

呈层状构造的硅酸盐，利用在其层间具有插入多种单体或聚合物的能力，可能开发新的聚合物／硅酸盐层状纳米复合材料，并且，由于细微调整硅酸盐的表面特性，在几种聚合物基体中，使硅酸盐纳米级分散成功了。所得的聚合物／硅酸盐（ＰＬＳ）层状纳米复合与同一硅酸盐体积比率比较时，与填充一般玻璃或无机矿物的聚合物相比有显著优异的性能。     

氧化石墨及其聚合物纳米复合材料的研究现状

氧化石墨是近几年来国内外研究的热点无机层状材料之一，它与聚合物在纳米水平上的有效复合形成的聚合物／氧化石墨纳米复合材料是一类具有广阔应用前景的新型材料。本文介绍了氧化石墨的发展历史、结构、性能特点及氧化石墨的有机化处理和聚合物／氧化石墨纳米复合材料的制备方法，重点概述了国内外聚合物／氧化石墨纳米复合材料的应用研究进展。     

聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备原理

围绕着分散相尺寸和两相界面粘接这两个关键问题,简单回顾了复合材料从熔融共混,聚合复合到纳米复合的发展历程。通过对具有重要理论意义和应用价值的聚合物／层状硅酸盐（PLS）纳米复合材料制备过程热力学驱动力的考察以及制备原理的分析,我们首次从理想状态下推导出了能在一定范围内预测聚合物相对分子质量与层状硅酸盐含量,层状硅酸盐片层间距与层状硅酸盐含量以及层状硅酸盐片层间距与聚合物相对分子质量关系的理论公式,并用文献中的实验数据进行了验证。结果表明这些理论关系与文献中的实验数据精确吻合。     

层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的阻燃研究及现状分析

聚合物/层状硅酸盐(PLS)纳米复合材料是国内外阻燃材料领域中近年来研究的热点。它满足了新型阻燃材料发展的要求,在提高阻燃性能的同时能够很少降低或者不降低材料原有的其他性能,有时甚至可以提高部分聚合物基体的机械性能、气体阻隔性能、环保性能等。本文综述了聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究近况;简要介绍了该纳米复合材料的特点及阻燃性能的测试;讨论了其燃烧性能和阻燃机理;重点研究了以聚酰胺(PA)等聚合物为基质、以层状硅酸盐为无机阻燃添加剂的纳米复合材料的阻燃性能。通过与常规阻燃剂进行比较,发现聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在阻燃性能、机械性能、加工性能和环保等方面均优于常规阻燃剂;最后本文还指出了该材料在阻燃研究中目前尚存在的问题,并对其开发应用前景进行了展望。     

聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物／层状硅酸盐（PLS）纳米复合材料是近十多年迅速发展起来的新交叉科学。由于聚合物纳米复合材料具有常规聚合物复合材料所没有的结构、形态以及较常规聚合物复合材料更优异的物理力学性能、耐热性和气体液体阻隔性能等，因而显示出重要的科学意义和应用前景。综述了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备、结构、性能和应用情况，最后展望了其应用前景。     

纳米无机粒子补强天然橡胶的研究 (Ⅲ)纳米粘土/天然橡胶复合材料的研究

粘土是天然纳米片层材料,将改性后的纳米粘土采用插层法将聚合物基体或聚合物单体插入片层中,共聚共凝,制备的纳米粘土/聚合物复合材料表现出优异的综合性能,是近来研究的热点.本文综述了纳米粘土的改性以及插层法制备纳米粘土/天然橡胶复合材料的研究进展.     

基于乳液聚合法制备无机纳米粒子/聚合物复合粒子及其应用研究进展

综述了国内外通过乳液聚合制备聚合物包覆无机纳米复合粒子的方法及包覆效果,包括纳米SiO2/聚合物、CaCO3/聚合物、TiO2及其他无机粒子/聚合物,介绍了复合粒子的形成机理及其在电极材料、阻燃和感光树脂中的应用,并对其前景作了展望。     

纳米科学技术在高分子材料领域的现状

综述了纳米科技在高分子领域的作用，介绍了纳米材料科学和高分子材料科学相交叉的领域的科学进展，简述了高分子纳米复合材料、纳米颗粒的高分子化处理和高分子的纳米尺度的研究。     

水基聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的研究与应用

介绍了无机纳米材料的结构特性,对用于制备聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的直接分散法,插层复合法、溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法等3种方法及聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的性能进行了综述,并介绍了聚合物基纳米复合材料的现状和发展趋势。     

Preparation of Cu/Dickite/LLDPE nanocomposites and synergistic effect of exfoliated dickite and nano‐Cu in LLDPE matrix

A novel anticorrosion packaging nanocomposite composed of LLDPE (linear low‐density polyethylene), nano‐sized Cu, and exfoliated dickite was prepared via melt mixing combined with melt extruding process. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the resultant nanocomposite. The results showed that most dickite layers were exfoliated and the nano‐Cu particles were distributed uniformly in the polymer matrix. The characteristic properties of the Cu/dickite/LLDPE nanocomposite were investigated using salt spray test, thermogravimetry analysis, mechanical test, and antibacterial test. The salt spray test results showed that exfoliated dickite and nano‐Cu improved the anticorrosion properties of the Cu/dickite/LLDPE nanocomposite in simulated ocean environment, respectively. Furthermore, the coexistence of exfoliated dickite and nano‐Cu in Cu/dickite/LLDPE nanocomposite produced a synergistic effect on enhancing the anticorrosion properties. Additionally, the co‐incorporation of exfoliated dickite and nano‐Cu in LLDPE matrix also improved the thermal‐oxidative stability and mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. The bactericidal properties evaluation showed that the Cu/dickite/LLDPE nanocomposite had better bactericidal ability because of the presence of nano‐Cu in LLDPE matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1061–1070, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚合物/无机杂化纳米复合材料制备方法的研究进展

聚合物/无机杂化纳米复合材料是纳米材料发展的一个重要方向。简述了纳米粒子对聚合物纳米复合材料的力学性能和功能特性的影响,介绍了聚合物/无机杂化纳米复合材料的制备方法及应用,并对其研究进行了展望。     

Synthesis of CaCO3–P(MMA–BA) nanocomposite and its application in water based alkyd emulsion coating

As part of broader effort to synthesize a new class of water-based composite, hybrid emulsion polymerization was carried out with acrylic monomers [methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA)]. Nanocomposite of P(MMA–BA)/nano CaCO₃ was synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization. Water-based alkyd coating with various proportions nano CaCO₃, P(MMA–BA) and its nanocomposite was formulated. Extent of polymerization with and without nano CaCO₃ was measured using gravimetric method. Thermal properties of neat polymer, nanocomposite and coating films were evaluated by TGA and DSC, DTA analysis. Uniform dispersion of nano CaCO₃ in polymer matrix was ensured from SEM/TEM images. Incorporation of nanoparticles to hybrid polymer and nanocomposite to alkyd emulsion showed significant enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties. Dual role of nanocomposite in coating; as a partial binder and a filler to improve property profile of neat coating has been reported.     

Synthesis of CaCO3–P(MMA–BA) nanocomposite and its application in water based alkyd emulsion coating

As part of broader effort to synthesize a new class of water-based composite, hybrid emulsion polymerization was carried out with acrylic monomers [methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA)]. Nanocomposite of P(MMA–BA)/nano CaCO₃ was synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization. Water-based alkyd coating with various proportions nano CaCO₃, P(MMA–BA) and its nanocomposite was formulated. Extent of polymerization with and without nano CaCO₃ was measured using gravimetric method. Thermal properties of neat polymer, nanocomposite and coating films were evaluated by TGA and DSC, DTA analysis. Uniform dispersion of nano CaCO₃ in polymer matrix was ensured from SEM/TEM images. Incorporation of nanoparticles to hybrid polymer and nanocomposite to alkyd emulsion showed significant enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties. Dual role of nanocomposite in coating; as a partial binder and a filler to improve property profile of neat coating has been reported.     

Morphological and physical properties of a thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with functionalized graphene sheet

BACKGROUND: Functionalized graphene sheet (FGS) was recently introduced as a new nano‐sized conductive filler, but little work has yet examined the possibility of using FGS as a nanofiller in the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. In particular, there are currently no published papers that evaluate polyurethane/FGS nanocomposites. The purpose of this study was to prepare a polyurethane/FGS nanocomposite and examine the morphological and physical properties of the material. RESULTS: A cast nanocomposite film was prepared from a mixture of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) solution and FGS suspended in methyl ethyl ketone. The FGS dispersed on the nanoscale throughout the TPU matrix and effectively enhanced the conductivity. A nanocomposite containing 2 parts of FGS per 100 parts of TPU had an electrical conductivity of 10^?4 S cm^?1, a 10⁷ times increase over that of pristine TPU. The dynamic mechanical properties showed that the FGS efficiently reinforced the TPU matrix, particularly in the temperature region above the soft segment melt. CONCLUSION: Our results show that FGS has a high affinity for TPU, and it could therefore be used effectively in the preparation of TPU/FGS nanocomposites without any further chemical surface treatment. This indicates that FGS is an effective and convenient new material that could be used for the modification of polyurethane. It could also be used in place of other nano‐sized conductive fillers, such as carbon nanotubes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

全球石化领域中纳米科技产业化现状

针对国内外纳米科技发展现状 ,阐述了纳米技术市场、各国研发投资以及在石油化工领域的研发和应用成果 ,包括碳纳米管、纳米催化剂、纳米复合材料 (纳米轮胎、纳米塑料、纳米纤维 )、纳米 /聚合物膜、纳米润滑油和燃油添加剂 ,并对我国纳米科技产业化现状提出了发展建议