微量元素对钛硅共晶合金压缩性能的改善

研究了钇、铍、钐、硼、钕等微量元素对Ti-8.5%Si(质量分数)共晶合金微观组织和室温压缩性能的影响。试验表明,添加适量钇、铍、钐、硼、钕等元素,均可有效提高Ti-8.5%Si合金的室温压缩强度和塑性,并细化其微观组织。其中,硼对Ti-8.5%Si合金室温压缩塑性的改善最为显著。分析认为,硼很可能以异质形核质点的形式,提高合金的形核率,从而细化合金的微观组织,改善合金的室温塑性。     

熔体互混对Al-16%Si过共晶铝硅合金初生Si相形态的影响

采用两种不同熔炼工艺对Al-16%Si过共晶合金进行对比试验,金相组织表明,其中高低温两种熔体互混后Al-16%Si过共晶合金中初生Si相均得到明显细化,经力学性能检测,互混合金在750℃的浇注条件下Al-16%Si合金强韧性最好.分析认为质量不同、成分不同的两种熔体互混导致温度和成分的不均匀性是使Al-16%Si合金初生Si细化的主要因为.     

电磁搅拌下Al-6.6%Si合金非枝晶组织形成机制探讨

研究了搅拌强度、部位、冷却速率等试验参数对Al-6.6%Si亚共晶合金非枝晶组织形成的影响,并利用图像分析仪对试样单位面积上的颗粒数进行了定量的测量。结果表明:Al-6.6%Si亚共晶合金在电磁搅拌下进行凝固时,发生弯曲和熔断混合断裂机制,并随着搅拌强度的增大、降温速率的降低和与型壁距离的减小,合金所得到的α-Al晶粒变得越来越细小;当Al-6.6%Si亚共晶合金熔体温度降低到620℃后,合金内的α-Al相晶粒迅速合并长大,致使合金单位面积上的颗粒数大幅度减少。     

Al-P中间合金细化变质过共晶铝硅合金显微组织研究

在过共晶Al-22%Si合金熔体中添加Al-P中间合金,采用光学显微镜观察分析Al-P中间合金对过共晶铝硅合金显微组织细化变质的效果。研究结果显示,未经Al-P中间合金细化变质的Al-22%Si合金显微组织粗大;添加Al-P中间合金的Al-22%Si合金显微组织发生了很大改善,粗大块状初晶硅的尺寸减少,转变为纤维状,针状共晶硅转变为短棒状甚至是颗粒状,获得了良好的细化变质效果。     

亚共晶铝硅合金自生Mg_2Si复合材料的显微组织研究

采用光学显微镜,对亚共晶Al-8%Si合金自生Mg2Si复合材料的显微组织进行分析。结果表明,Al-8%Si合金中加入6%镁时,共晶Mg2Si组织呈完整发达的古汉字状、树枝状、五星花瓣状等;加入2%镁时,Mg2Si量极少,呈零星颗粒状、鱼骨状或树枝状;加入4%镁时,共晶Mg2Si组织形貌呈纤维状、树枝状,这种显微组织即为亚共晶Al-8%Si合金自生Mg2Si增强相的理想组织。     

冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织和耐磨性能的影响

试验研究了在不同的冷却速度下凝固的Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si(质量分数,下同）合金的组织和耐磨性。实验结果表明,冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金的凝固组织和耐磨性能有显著的影响。随着冷却速度的增加,Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的凝固组织组成,初生硅的形貌和尺寸都发生明显的变化：冷却速度小于0．1K/s 的炉冷试样和冷却速度小于1K／s耐火砖型铸造试样的凝固组织由（α＋Si)共晶和初生Si相组成,初生Si相呈粗大的片状,共晶Si呈针状;冷却速度约10K/s的金属型铸造试样的凝固组织由（α＋Si)共晶,枝晶状α相和初生Si相组成,初生Si相为块状或长条状,共晶Si呈细小的针状,并且凝固组织中出现的枝晶状α相;凝固速度为（10^3-10^5)K/s的过喷粉末的凝固组织也是由（α＋Si)共晶,枝晶状α相和初生Si相组成,初生Si相为块状,而喷射沉积快速凝固Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的沉积组织都是由Si相和α相组成,细小的Si相均匀分布在α基体中。随着冷却速度的增加,Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的凝固组织中初生硅的尺寸明显减少,磨损机制发生变化,合金的耐磨性显著增加。     

Sb变质对铝硅合金组织的影响

研究了较高含量的Sb元素作为变质剂对亚共晶铝硅合金与过共晶铝硅合金组织的影响。结果表明,大量的Sb元素对Al-5%Si和Al-10%Si亚共晶铝硅合金中共晶硅有很好的细化作用,使共晶硅厚度减小,AlSb作为异质核心,使共晶硅数量增加。但较高含量的Sb对Al-20%Si过共晶铝硅合金的细化产生了不利影响,使初晶硅变得粗大,出现了偏析,因此对过共晶铝硅合金进行Sb变质时,应与P变质剂作复合变质剂用。     

高低温熔体混合处理对过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的影响

采用高低温熔体混合处理工艺研究了熔体混合温度和混合后的保温时间对Al-20%Si过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的影响。熔体混合处理过程中,高温低硅熔体倒入低温高硅熔体进行混合。研究结果表明,熔体混合处理后,Al-20%Si过共晶铝硅合金具有过共晶和亚共晶铝硅合金的组织特点,而初晶硅和α(Al)固溶体同时得到细化。     

熔体混合对过共晶Al-Si合金细化的研究

研究了高温Al-30%Si合金熔体和低温Al-7%Si合金熔体混合后浇铸得到的过共晶Al-Si合金显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:不同成分的高低温熔体混合后可有效细化过共晶Al-Si合金的初晶Si尺寸:混合前熔体温差越大,初晶Si细化效果越好;随着混合后静置时间的增加,初晶Si的尺寸变大,Al-Si合金硬度增加.并探讨了其细化机理.     

往复挤压对Mg-6%Si合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了往复挤压对铸造Mg-6%Si (质量分数,下同)合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：往复挤压4道次后,Mg-6%Si合金的显微组织得到显著细化,粗大树枝状的初生Mg2Si相变为细小颗粒状,而汉字状的共晶Mg2Si相也变为弥散分布的点状相,且这些颗粒状的Mg2Si相均匀分布在基体中。往复挤压4道次后,Mg-6%Si合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别提高了82.3%和810.9%。断口分析表明,往复挤压合金的断裂模式由脆性断裂转变为韧-脆性断裂。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves alloys

Two Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves phase alloys with chemical compositions ofNi-39Ti-11Si and Ni-42Ti-8Si （%, mole fraction, the same below）, respectively, were fabricated by the laser melting deposition manufacturing process, aiming at studying the effect of Ti, Si contents on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. The Ni-39Ti-llSi alloy consisting of Ti2Ni3Si primary dendrites and Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic matrix is a conventional hypereutectic Laves phase alloy while the Ni-42Ti-8Si alloy being made up of NiTi primary dendrites uniformly distributed in Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic is a new hypoeutectic alloy. Mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by nano-indentation test. The results show that the decrease of Si and the increase of Ti contents change the microstructures of the alloys from hypereutectic to hypoeutectic, which influences the mechanical properties of the alloys remarkably. Corrosion behaviors of the alloys were also evaluated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves.     

Sr+B联合熔体处理对Al-Si-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

考察了A1—lB中间合金对0．030％Sr变质的A1—11．6％Si0．4％Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响。发现A1—B中间合金在近共晶铸造A1—Si合金中具有优异的枝晶细化能力。通过比较3种不同熔体处理条件下(末变质 未枝晶细化处理、0．030％Sr变质处理、0．030％Sr 0．028％B联合熔体处理)合金铸态和T6状态下的力学性能并对断口形貌进行分析，可以得出在近共晶铸造A1—Si合金中同时加入Sr，B进行枝晶细化和共晶Si变质联合处理是十分必要的。     

Development of High Strength and Toughness Non-Heated Al–Mg–Si Alloys for High-Pressure Die-Casting

Based on the 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal experiment method, compositional effects of Mg, Si, and Ti addition on the microstructures, tensile properties, and fracture behaviors of the high-pressure die-casting Al-x Mg-y Si-z Ti alloys have been investigated. The analysis of variance shows that both Mg and Si apparently infl uence the tensile properties of the alloys, while Ti does not. The tensile mechanical properties are comprehensively infl uenced by the amount of eutectic phase(α-Al + Mg_2Si), the average grain size, and the content of Mg dissolved into α-Al matrix. The optimized alloy is Al-7.49 Mg-3.08 Si-0.01 Ti(wt%), which exhibits tensile yield strength of 219 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 401 MPa, and elongation of 10.5%. Furthermore, contour maps, showing the relationship among compositions, microstructure characteristics, and the tensile properties are constructed, which provide guidelines for developing high strength and toughness Al–Mg–Si–Ti alloys for high-pressure die-casting.     

Effects of Ti and La Additions on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of B-Refined and Sr-Modified Al–11Si Alloys

The effects of Ti and La additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of B-refined and Sr-modified Al–11Si alloys were investigated in the present work. The interactions among Ti, La, B and Sr elements were discussed employing microstructure observation, thermal analysis and tensile test, respectively. It was found that the addition of 0.05 wt% B induces a transformation of eutectic Si from finely fibrous to coarsely plate-like morphology in the Al–11Si alloy with 0.02 wt%Sr modification, owing to the poisoning of IIT mechanism, and the eutectic Si grows only with TPRE mechanism. Both titanium and lanthanum can neutralize the co-poisoning effect between Sr and B in the Al–11Si alloy, but the neutralizing effect of La is dependent on the addition sequence. The combinative addition of La and B elements promotes the effective refinement of α-Al grains, but an inhomogeneous modification of eutectic Si phases is also observed, leading to a slightly decrease in the elongation.     

Effect of Gallium on microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb–Si eutectic alloy

In this paper, we report a significant improvement in mechanical properties of near eutectic Nb–Si alloys by addition of Gallium (Ga) and control of microstructural length scale. A comparative study of two alloys Nb-18.79 at.%Si and Nb-20.2 at.%Si–2.7 at.%Ga were carried out. The microstructure refinements were carried out by vacuum suction casting in water cooled thick copper mold. It is shown that addition of Ga suppresses Nb₃Si phase and promotes β-Nb₅Si₃ phase. The microstructural length scale and in particular eutectic spacing reduces significantly to 50–100 nm in suction cast ternary alloys. Compression test shows a strength of 2.8 ± 0.1 GPa and plasticity of 4.3 ± 0.03%. In comparison, the binary Nb-18.79 at.%Si alloy processed under identical conditions exhibit coarser length scale (300–400 nm) and brittle behavior. The fracture toughness of Ga containing suction cast alloy shows a value of 24.11 ± 0.5 MPa√m representing a major improvement for bulk Nb–Si eutectic alloy.     

铸态亚共晶Al-Si合金中初生硅的生长机制(英文)

利用光学显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术观察亚共晶Al-10%Si合金的微观结构特征。结果表明,在亚共晶合金内很容易发现初生硅颗粒。研究亚共晶Al-10%Si合金溶液中初生硅析出过程中的晶核形成和生长机制,发现硅原子容易偏析并形成Si-Si簇,即使在共晶和亚共晶合金内,这一现象也会导致初生硅的形成。另外,由化学驱动力和较大的堆积碰撞或溶质的凝固偏析等原因引起的溶质再分配在初生硅的形成过程中也起着重要的作用,其中溶质再分配方程由Jackson-Chalmers方程推导而出。一旦硅溶质浓度超过共晶成分,在固/液界面的前端就会析出初生硅。     

Effect of Sc and Sr on the Eutectic Si Morphology and Tensile Properties of Al-Si-Mg Alloy

To study the effect of Sc and Sr additions on modifying eutectic silicon particles and mechanical properties for Al-Si-Mg casting alloy, they were added with different amounts in F357 alloy without beryllium addition in the present work. It was found that (0.4 wt.% Sc and 0.04 wt.% Sr)-modified F357 alloy presented the optimal tensile properties when compared with the individual addition of Sc or Sr. This was mainly attributed to the synergic modification of eutectic Si in F357 alloys due to the combined additions of Sc and Sr. The silicon modification mechanisms via Sc and Sr were emphasized to be examined in this paper, and the fracture mechanism of the obtained alloys was also discussed.     

Bi对Al-18%Si合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

研究不同的Bi含量对过共晶Al-18%Si合金微观组织与力学性能的影响.试验表明,Al-18%Si-x%Bi(x=1,2,3,4,5)合金中,大部分Bi在基体中以小颗粒状弥散均匀分布,局部出现Bi的聚集;同时,Bi的加入对合金中的共晶硅起到一定的细化作用;随着Bi含量的增加,共晶硅组织由粗大针片状变成短杆状,当Bi含量达到3%时,共晶硅转变为均匀分布于基体的蠕点状,当Bi含量为4%或5%时,共晶硅没有进一步的细化.另外,力学性能和摩擦试验研究发现:Al-18%Si-3%Bi合金的抗拉强度由Al-18%Si合金的168 MPa提高为189 MPa,摩擦系数由0.4372降为0.3879,磨损量仅为不含Bi的20%.     

Effects of Chromium on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 Eutectic High Entropy Alloys

In the present study,a series of AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 (x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0) eutectic high entropy alloys (EHEAs) have been designed and prepared.And the effect of Cr content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 alloys was systematically investigated.The results indicate that the AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 (x ＞ 0) alloys exhibit almost complete lamellar eutectic microstructures with a mixture structure of FCC and B2 phases.And the AlCoFeNi2.1 alloy without Cr element exhibited a hypoeutectic microstructure with a primary B2 phase.In addition,the eutectic microstructures for AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 eutectic alloys do not change significantly.The room temperature compressive tests results show that with an increase in Cr content (from x =0 to x =1.0),the yield strength will first decrease,and thereafter increase.The trend is the opposite with the fracture strength and plastic strain.They show an increase trend at first,and then decrease.The AlCoCr0.5FeNi2.1 (Cr0.5) alloy shows the best comprehensive mechanical properties.The tensile yield strength,fracture strength,and elongation are 536.5 MPa,1062 MPa,and 13.8％,respectively.Furthermore,the Cr0.5 alloy also displays a high strength with a yield strength of 362 MPa at 700 ℃.In summary,by changing the Cr content,AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloys with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained and prepared.